2021.07.15 國際新聞導讀-衣索比亞內戰情勢扭轉提格雷收復失土、埃及支持黎巴嫩、哈瑪斯指責以色列偽造扭曲耶路撒冷歷史

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.07.15 國際新聞導讀-衣索比亞內戰情勢扭轉提格雷收復失土、埃及支持黎巴嫩、哈瑪斯指責以色列偽造扭曲耶路撒冷歷史

隨著內戰新階段的臨近，埃塞俄比亞的阿姆哈拉誓言繼續進攻

阿姆哈拉地區政府發言人表示，當地當局正在集結自己的軍隊，對提格雷人進行反擊。

通過路透

2021 年 7 月 14 日 18:39

2020 年 11 月 9 日，阿姆哈拉地區民兵成員乘坐卡車前往與埃塞俄比亞提格雷接壤的阿姆哈拉地區桑賈的提格雷人民解放陣線（TPLF）。

（圖片來源：路透社/TIKSA NEGERI）

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亞的斯亞貝巴——埃塞俄比亞的阿姆哈拉地區周三表示，它將繼續對來自鄰近提格雷地區的軍隊發動攻勢，因為提格雷人正在進攻阿姆哈拉控制的領土，這可能會開啟埃塞俄比亞內戰的一個重要新階段。

提格雷人民解放陣線（TPLF）在八個月的戰爭突然逆轉後，在過去三週內重新奪回了大部分家鄉地區，誓言要重新奪回提格雷西部，這是一片由阿姆哈拉軍隊控制的肥沃領土。它在衝突期間。

上個月突然將中央政府軍隊撤出提格雷大部分地區的總理阿比·艾哈邁德週二表示，他仍決心擊退任何 TPLF 威脅。這標誌著 Abiy 言辭的轉變，他之前曾強調單方面停火，TPLF 將其嘲笑為旨在為其部隊撤退辯護的“笑話”。

阿姆哈拉地區政府發言人表示，當地當局正在集結自己的軍隊，對提格雷人進行反擊。

該地區國營的阿姆哈拉媒體公司援引阿姆哈拉發言人 Gizachew Muluneh 的話說：“地區政府現在已從防禦性轉變為進攻性。” “阿姆哈拉民兵和特種部隊一直在系統地試圖防禦，但現在我們的耐心已經耗盡，截至今天，我們已經開始進攻。”

他沒有回應進一步評論的請求。週二，主要的地區政黨阿姆哈拉民族運動呼籲非正規志願民兵（稱為 Fano）進行動員。

西方提格雷早已家裡人口眾多的兩個Tigrayans和Amahara的，並重申在領土2埃塞俄比亞最大的族群之間的戰鬥可能推動難民一撥從已經被迫離開家園200萬衝突。

去年，當阿比派軍隊與 TPLF 作戰時，阿姆哈拉民兵站在中央政府一邊，利用這個機會控制了由提格雷人管理了數十年的大片領土。

自從阿比於 6 月 28 日突然退出以來，TPLF 一直在穩步向外推進，奪回了提格雷的大部分地區。其部隊於週一重新奪回南部主要城鎮阿拉馬塔，並於週二越過特克澤河的深谷，從阿姆哈拉控制區奪取邁策布里。

但是，對於提格雷西部來說，一場更激烈的戰鬥可能會迫在眉睫，阿姆哈拉人認為這是他們自己歷史家園的一部分，並發誓要永久佔領。

ABIY 退出停火

阿比在周二的一份聲明中發表的更有力的言論表明，他的政府正在放棄其為期三週的對停火聲明的強調，宣布政府軍隊將地區首府默克勒放棄給推進的 TPLF。

“停火無法取得預期的成果，”他說。“TPLF ……對國家主權構成巨大威脅。聯邦政府通過動員埃塞俄比亞人民，決心遏制這種威脅。”

他指責 TPLF 選擇戰鬥而不是允許援助或遵守停火，並指責他們招募和部署兒童兵。

TPLF 發言人 Getachew Reda 沒有立即回复路透社的電話，以對 Abiy 的指控發表評論。他此前曾表示，TPLF 歡迎援助，在提格雷部分地區仍處於中央政府或其盟友控制之下時，不會遵守停火協議。

TPLF 從一開始就嘲笑政府的單方面停火宣言，同時指責政府阻止對提格雷人的援助，數十萬人面臨飢荒。

阿比表示，他將“加速”援助，聯合國世界糧食計劃署（WFP）表示，援助只是涓涓細流，一再被阻止和推遲。世界糧食計劃署表示，週一抵達該地區的車隊僅能滿足 20 萬人一周的最基本需求，而這只是估計需要糧食援助的 400 萬人的一小部分。

世界糧食計劃署表示，該車隊在進入提格雷之前已被埃塞俄比亞安全部隊攔截並蒐查了 10 次，並敦促救援人員順利通過。

Ethiopia's Amhara vows to go on offensive as new phase of civil war looms

A spokesman for the Amhara regional government said the authorities there were rallying their own forces for a counter-attack against Tigrayans.

By REUTERS

JULY 14, 2021 18:39

Members of Amhara region militias ride on their truck as they head to face the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), in Sanja, Amhara region near a border with Tigray, Ethiopia November 9, 2020.

(photo credit: REUTERS/TIKSA NEGERI)

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ADDIS ABABA - Ethiopia's Amhara region said on Wednesday it will go on the offensive against forces from the neighboring Tigray region, as advancing Tigrayans bear down on Amhara-held territory, potentially opening a major new phase in Ethiopia's civil war.

The Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), which has recaptured most of its home region in the past three weeks after an abrupt reversal in an eight month war, has vowed to retake western Tigray, an expanse of fertile territory controlled by Amhara forces who seized it during the conflict.

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who abruptly pulled central government troops out of most of Tigray last month, said on Tuesday he was still determined to repel any TPLF threat. That marked a shift in rhetoric from Abiy, who had previously emphasized a unilateral ceasefire that the TPLF mocked as "a joke" designed to justify his forces' retreat.

A spokesman for the Amhara regional government said the authorities there were rallying their own forces for a counter-attack against Tigrayans.

"The regional government has now transitioned from defensive to an offensive," Amhara spokesperson Gizachew Muluneh was quoted as saying by the region's state-run Amhara Media Corporation. "Amhara militia and special forces have been systematically trying to defend but now our patience has run out and as of today we have opened an offensive attack."

He did not respond to requests for further comment. On Tuesday the National Movement of Amhara, a major regional political party, called on irregular volunteer militia - known as Fano - to mobilize.

Western Tigray has long been home to large populations of both Tigrayans and Amahara, and renewed fighting between two of Ethiopia's biggest ethnic groups over the territory could drive another wave of refugees from a conflict that has already forced 2 million from their homes.

When Abiy sent troops to fight the TPLF last year, Amhara militia fought on the central government's side, using the opportunity to take control of a swathe of territory administered for decades by Tigrayans.

Since Abiy's abrupt withdrawal on June 28, the TPLF has pushed steadily outwards, recapturing most of Tigray. Its forces retook Alamata, the main town in the south, on Monday and pushed across the deep ravine of the Tekeze River to take Mai Tsebri from Amhara control on Tuesday.

But a tougher fight could loom for western Tigray, which the Amhara consider a reclaimed part of their own historic homeland and have vowed to occupy permanently.

ABIY STEPS BACK FROM CEASEFIRE

Abiy's more forceful remarks in a statement on Tuesday suggested his government was abandoning its three-week-old emphasis on its ceasefire declaration, proclaimed as government troops abandoned regional capital Mekelle to the advancing TPLF.

"The ceasefire could not bear the desired fruits," he said. "The TPLF…poses a great danger to the sovereignty of the country. The federal government, through mobilizing the people of Ethiopia, is determined to curb this threat."

He blamed the TPLF for choosing to fight rather than allow in aid or observe the ceasefire, and accused them of recruiting and deploying child soldiers.

TPLF spokesman Getachew Reda did not immediately answer calls from Reuters to comment on Abiy's accusations. He has previously said the TPLF welcome aid, and would not observe a ceasefire while parts of Tigray remained under control of the central government or its allies.

The TPLF has mocked the government's unilateral ceasefire declaration from the outset, while accusing the government of blocking aid for Tigrayans, hundreds of thousands of whom face famine.

Abiy said he would "accelerate" aid, which the UN World Food Programme (WFP) has said was only trickling in and had been repeatedly blocked and delayed. WFP said a convoy that arrived in the region on Monday was carrying only enough to cover the most basic needs of 200,000 people for a week, a fraction of the 4 million people estimated to need food aid.

The convoy had been stopped and searched 10 times by Ethiopian security forces before it entered Tigray, WFP said, urging smoother passage for aid.

土耳其執政黨希望在總統呼籲後改善與以色列的關係

切利克特別指出巴勒斯坦人是土耳其希望與以色列討論的眾多問題之一，並補充說旅遊和貿易等領域應該是兩國的“雙贏”。

通過路透

2021 年 7 月 14 日 21:26

土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安 (Recep Tayyip Erdogan) 和他的妻子上個月在他的執政黨 AK 黨在安卡拉舉行的盛大大會期間向他們的支持者致意。

（圖片來源：UMIT BEKTAS / REUTERS）

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安卡拉——土耳其執政黨 AK 黨發言人周三表示，在兩國總統罕見通電話後，土耳其和以色列同意努力改善緊張的關係。

兩國在激烈爭吵後於 2018 年驅逐了大使。安卡拉譴責以色列佔領約旦河西岸及其對巴勒斯坦人的待遇，而以色列則呼籲土耳其放棄對統治加沙的巴勒斯坦激進組織哈馬斯的支持。

雙方都表示，任何和解都必須讓對方先行。

週一，塔伊普·埃爾多安總統致電以色列新總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格，祝賀他上任。以色列的總統職位主要是一個儀式性的職位。

發言人 Omer Celik 在 AK 黨會議後表示：“在此呼籲之後出現了一個框架，根據該框架應在可以改進的幾個問題上取得進展，並應採取措施解決有問題的領域。”

切利克特別指出巴勒斯坦人是土耳其希望與以色列討論的眾多問題之一，並補充說旅遊和貿易等領域應該是兩國的“雙贏”。在政治爭端中，雙邊貿易保持強勁。

在巴勒斯坦總統馬哈茂德·阿巴斯訪問安卡拉後一天舉行的通話中，埃爾多安告訴赫爾佐格，他重視保持對話，並表示土以關係是地區穩定的關鍵。

他的辦公室表示，埃爾多安還重申了他對兩國解決巴以沖突的支持，並補充說“積極步驟”也將有助於土耳其與以色列的關係。

今年 5 月，在以色列警察向耶路撒冷阿克薩清真寺的巴勒斯坦青年發射橡皮子彈和眩暈手榴彈後，埃爾多安稱以色列為“恐怖國家”。

以色列指責土耳其援助哈馬斯的成員，哈馬斯被以色列及其西方盟友視為恐怖組織。

土耳其最近還試圖修復與沙特阿拉伯和埃及的緊張關係。

週一的電話是在納夫塔利·貝內特 (Naftali Bennett) 接替本傑明·內塔尼亞胡 (Benjamin Netanyahu) 成為以色列總理的一個月後發出的，埃爾多安經常與他交鋒。

Turkish ruling party wants to improve Israel ties after presidents' call

Celik singled out the Palestinians as one of many issues Turkey wants to discuss with Israel, adding that areas such as tourism and trade should be a "win-win" for both nations.

By REUTERS

JULY 14, 2021 21:26

TURKISH PRESIDENT Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his wife greet their supporters during the Grand Congress of his ruling AK Party in Ankara last month.

(photo credit: UMIT BEKTAS / REUTERS)

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ANKARA - Turkey and Israel have agreed to work towards improving their strained relations after a rare phone call between their presidents, a spokesman for Turkey's ruling AK Party said on Wednesday.

The two countries expelled ambassadors in 2018 after a bitter falling-out. Ankara has condemned Israel's occupation of the West Bank and its treatment of Palestinians, while Israel has called on Turkey to drop support for the militant Palestinian group Hamas which rules Gaza.

Both sides say the other must move first for any rapprochement.

President Tayyip Erdogan called Israel's new president, Isaac Herzog, on Monday to congratulate him on taking office. Israel's presidency is a largely ceremonial office.

"A framework emerged after this call under which advances should be made on several issues where improvements can be made, and where steps towards solving problematic areas should be taken," spokesman Omer Celik said after an AK Party meeting.

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Celik singled out the Palestinians as one of many issues Turkey wants to discuss with Israel, adding that areas such as tourism and trade should be a "win-win" for both nations. Bilateral trade has remained strong amid the political disputes.

During the call, which came a day after Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas visited Ankara, Erdogan told Herzog he valued maintaining dialog and said Turkish-Israeli relations were key for regional stability.

Erdogan also reiterated his support for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, adding "positive steps" would also help Turkey's ties with Israel, his office said.

In May, Erdogan called Israel a "terror state" after Israeli police shot rubber bullets and stun grenades towards Palestinian youths at Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa mosque.

Israel accuses Turkey of aiding members of Hamas, which is considered a terrorist organization by Israel and its Western allies.

Turkey has also recently been trying to repair its frayed ties with Saudi Arabia and Egypt.

Monday's call came a month after Naftali Bennett became Israeli prime minister, replacing Benjamin Netanyahu, with whom Erdogan had frequently traded barbs.

伊朗表示，如果需要，它可以將鈾濃縮到 90% 的純度——武器級——

在美國於 2018 年退出該協議後，伊朗一直以多種方式違反該協議，包括生產 20% 和 60% 的濃縮鈾。

通過路透

2021 年 7 月 14 日 16:23

在德黑蘭舉行的伊朗國家核能日期間，可以看到許多新一代伊朗離心機展出

（圖片來源：伊朗總統辦公室/WANA（西亞新聞社）/通過路透社提供的資料）

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迪拜——伊朗週三表示，如果其核反應堆需要，它可以將鈾濃縮至 90% 純度——武器級——但補充說，它仍尋求恢復 2015 年的一項協議，該協議將限制其原子計劃以換取解除的製裁。

哈桑·魯哈尼總統的講話是他今年第二次公開評論關於濃縮度為 90%——一個適合核彈的水平——強調伊朗決心在沒有任何恢復協議的情況下繼續違反協議。

生產核武器的最大障礙是獲得足夠的裂變材料——武器級的高濃縮鈾或钚——作為核彈的核心。伊朗表示，它從未尋求過核武器。據伊朗官方媒體報導，魯哈尼在內閣會議上說：“伊朗的原子能組織可以將鈾濃縮 20% 和 60%，如果有一天我們的反應堆需要它，它可以將鈾濃縮到 90% 的純度。”

核協議將德黑蘭可以提煉的鈾的裂變純度限制在 3.67%，遠低於該協議之前實現的 20%，也遠低於適用於核武器的 90%。

在美國於 2018 年退出該協議後，伊朗一直以多種方式違反該協議，包括生產 20% 和 60% 的濃縮鈾。

魯哈尼將於 8 月 5 日將總統職位移交給強硬派神職人員易卜拉欣·賴西 (Ebrahim Raisi)，他含蓄地批評伊朗最高決策者“不允許”他的政府在其任期內恢復核協議。

“他們奪走了本屆政府達成協議的機會。我們對錯過這個機會深感遺憾，”伊朗國家通訊社援引魯哈尼的話說。

最高領袖阿亞圖拉阿里哈梅內伊，而不是總統，對核政策等所有國家事務擁有最後發言權。

與哈梅內伊一樣，賴西支持德黑蘭和華盛頓之間的間接談判，旨在讓主要敵人完全遵守協議。美國前總統唐納德特朗普三年前退出該協議，稱其偏向伊朗，並重新對德黑蘭實施嚴厲制裁。

第六輪核會談於6月20日在維也納休會。下一輪會談尚未確定，伊朗和西方官員表示，仍有重大分歧有待解決。

兩名伊朗高級官員告訴路透社，當選總統賴西計劃在上任後在談判中採取“強硬路線”，並補充說下一輪談判可能會在 9 月底或 10 月初恢復。

其中一名官員表示，伊朗核團隊的許多成員可能會被強硬官員所取代，但最高核談判代表阿巴斯·阿拉克奇將“至少留任一段時間”。

第二位官員表示，賴西計劃表現出“減少靈活性並要求華盛頓做出更多讓步”，例如保留一系列先進的鈾濃縮離心機，並堅持取消與人權和恐怖主義有關的美國製裁。

特朗普使用旨在懲罰支持恐怖主義或武器擴散的外國行為者的法律，將數十家對伊朗經濟至關重要的機構列入黑名單。

如果伊朗要出口石油，取消石油和金融制裁至關重要，這是德黑蘭遵守核協議和控制其原子計劃的最高獎項。

Iran says it can enrich uranium to 90% purity - weapons grade - if needed

Iran has been breaching the deal in several ways after the United States withdrew from the agreement in 2018, including by producing 20% and 60% enriched uranium.

By REUTERS

JULY 14, 2021 16:23

A number of new generation Iranian centrifuges are seen on display during Iran's National Nuclear Energy Day in Tehran

(photo credit: IRANIAN PRESIDENCY OFFICE/WANA (WEST ASIA NEWS AGENCY)/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

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DUBAI - Iran said on Wednesday it could enrich uranium up to 90% purity -- weapons grade -- if its nuclear reactors needed it, but added it still sought the revival of a 2015 deal that would limit its atomic program in return for a lifting of sanctions.

President Hassan Rouhani's remark is his second such public comment this year about 90% enrichment -- a level suitable for a nuclear bomb -- underlining Iran's resolve to keep breaching the deal in the absence of any accord to revive it.

The biggest obstacle to producing nuclear weapons is obtaining enough fissile material - weapons-grade highly enriched uranium or plutonium - for the bomb’s core. Iran says it has never sought nuclear weapons. "Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation can enrich uranium by 20% and 60% and if one day our reactors need it, it can enrich uranium to 90% purity," Rouhani told a cabinet meeting, Iranian state media reported.

The nuclear deal caps the fissile purity to which Tehran can refine uranium at 3.67%, well under the 20% achieved before the pact and far below the 90% suitable for a nuclear weapon.

Iran has been breaching the deal in several ways after the United States withdrew from the agreement in 2018, including by producing 20% and 60% enriched uranium.

Rouhani, who will hand over the presidency to hardline cleric Ebrahim Raisi on Aug. 5, implicitly criticized Iran's top decision makers for "not allowing" his government to reinstate the nuclear deal during its term in office.

"They took away the opportunity to reach an agreement from this government. We deeply regret missing this opportunity," the state news agency IRNA quoted Rouhani as saying.

Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, not the president, has the last say on all state matters such as nuclear policy.

Like Khamenei, Raisi has backed indirect talks between Tehran and Washington aimed at bringing back the arch foes into full compliance with the accord. Former U.S. President Donald Trump quit the deal three years ago, saying it was biased in favor of Iran, and reimposed crippling sanctions on Tehran.

The sixth round of nuclear talks in Vienna adjourned on June 20. The next round of the talks has yet to be scheduled, and Iranian and Western officials have said that significant gaps still remain to be resolved.

Two senior Iranian officials told Reuters that president-elect Raisi planned to adopt "a harder line" in the talks after taking office, adding that the next round might resume in late September or early October.

One of the officials said many members of Iran's nuclear team might be replaced with hardline officials, but top nuclear negotiator Abbas Araqchi would stay "at least for a while."

The second official said Raisi planned to show "less flexibility and demand more concessions" from Washington such as keeping a chain of advanced uranium enrichment centrifuges in place and insisting on the removal of human rights and terrorism related U.S. sanctions.

Trump blacklisted dozens of institutions vital to Iran's economy using laws designed to punish foreign actors for supporting terrorism or weapons proliferation.

Removing oil and financial sanctions is essential if Iran is to export its oil, the top prize for Tehran for complying with the nuclear agreement and reining in its atomic program.

伊朗在 JCPOA 簽署 6 週年之際重返談判仍不明朗

當被問及何時恢復核談判時，俄羅斯駐維也納國際組織大使米哈伊爾·烏里揚諾夫說：“沒有人，包括伊朗人，對此沒有答案。”

通過LAHAV哈爾科夫

2021 年 7 月 13 日 21:40

伊朗總統哈桑·魯哈尼（Hassan Rouhani）於 2021 年 4 月 10 日在伊朗德黑蘭舉行的伊朗國家核能日期間回顧了伊朗的新核成就。

（圖片來源：伊朗總統辦公室/WANA（西亞新聞社）/通過路透社提供的資料）

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美國和俄羅斯官員仍不確定伊朗是否願意以及何時願意在周三簽署最初簽署六週年之前重新討論恢復核協議，即聯合全面行動計劃。

當被問及何時恢復核談判時，俄羅斯駐維也納國際組織大使米哈伊爾·烏里揚諾夫在接受《生意人報》採訪時說：“截至今天，包括伊朗人在內的任何人都沒有答案。 ”

該協議限制了伊朗的鈾濃縮活動，並逐步解除了美國對伊朗的製裁，該制裁將於 2030 年到期，並使伊朗接近爆發核武器。特朗普政府於 2018 年退出了伊核協議，轉而選擇嚴厲制裁來向伊朗施壓，拜登政府今年早些時候在維也納開始與德黑蘭進行間接談判，以恢復該協議。

第六輪美伊間接會談於 6 月初結束，伊朗總統大選前夕。易卜拉欣·賴西 (Ebrahim Raisi) 贏得了那次選舉，他是一名對數千起處決負責並因侵犯人權而受到美國製裁的法官。

烏里揚諾夫表示，鑑於伊朗的選舉，談判推遲是“可以理解的”。

“有一個新團隊來到辦公室——他們需要時間來解決這個問題。這個問題對伊朗社會和當權派來說都非常關鍵。這是一個激烈辯論的主題，所以這並不奇怪，”大使和俄羅斯在 JCPOA 的首席談判代表說。

然而，烏里揚諾夫表示，該協議的其他各方——可能指的是美國、英國、法國和德國——存在“某種刺激”，並且“將新協議擱置這麼長時間對事業沒有好處。我們認為談判越早恢復越好。我認為他們不會早於十天開始，也許更晚。”

烏里揚諾夫表示，在他看來，重返伊核協議的談判已經完成了 90%，但剩下的 10%“包含一些可能阻礙進程的政治敏感問題”，例如美國不願意承諾未來的總統不會退出協議。

美國國務院發言人內德·普萊斯週一在新聞發布會上表示，伊朗是否會重返談判的問題“只能由德黑蘭解決”，美國伊朗問題特使羅伯特·馬利“準備返回維也納進行第七次談判”。一旦安排好就進行一輪會談。”

他說，美國仍然認為“外交是我們可以使用的最有效手段，以實現……可核查和永久地確保伊朗永遠無法獲得核武器”。

然而，普萊斯說，“我們沒有為這些會談設定最後期限，但 [美國國務卿安東尼] 布林肯已經提出了這一點——[並且] 我也從這裡提出了這一點——我們有意識隨著時間的推移，伊朗的核進展將影響我們最終回到 JCPOA 的看法。”

上週，這位發言人表示，維也納進程“不會無限期地開放……它會達到伊朗挑釁的地步；伊朗的核步驟；那個突破時間；我們對此的擔憂可能會導致我們重新考慮……我們將繼續評估伊朗舉措的影響。”

談到國際原子能機構的報告，伊朗正在使用濃縮度高達 20% 的金屬鈾，進一步違反了 JCPOA，普萊斯說：“我們繼續敦促伊朗停止這種邊緣政策，準備好重返維也納談判，並準備好完成我們在 4 月份開始的工作——現在已經進行了六輪。”

烏里揚諾夫認為，伊朗最近違反 JCPOA 是美國“最大壓力運動的直接結果”。

烏里揚諾夫說，俄羅斯避免嚴厲批評伊斯蘭共和國，因為莫斯科將這些違規行為視為對美國製裁的反應。不過，他表示，“現在似乎有理由令人擔憂：伊朗似乎走得太遠了。”

普萊斯重申，儘管“對伊朗在該地區的行為深感擔憂……”，但在維也納的談判只會恢復到最初的 2015 年版本的 JCPOA。他認為，如果繼續違反核行為，這些擔憂將更難以解決。

烏里揚諾夫反對通過“JCPOA+”增加對伊朗的進一步限制的想法。

“如果任務是恢復 JCPOA 並在此基礎上增加一些承諾，談判根本就不會開始，”他說。“然而，在現實中，我們看到每個人——除了我們和中國人——都在努力增加或減少一些東西。”

Iranian return to talks remains unclear on 6th anniversary of JCPOA

Asked when nuclear talks will resume, Russian Ambassador to International Organizations in Vienna Mikhail Ulyanov said: “no one, including Iranians, has an answer to that.”

By LAHAV HARKOV

JULY 13, 2021 21:40

Iranian President Hassan Rouhani reviews Iran's new nuclear achievements during Iran's National Nuclear Energy Day in Tehran, Iran April 10, 2021.

(photo credit: IRANIAN PRESIDENCY OFFICE/WANA (WEST ASIA NEWS AGENCY)/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

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American and Russian officials remained unsure if and when Iran will be willing to renew discussions on a return to the nuclear deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, ahead of the sixth anniversary of its original signing on Wednesday.

Asked when nuclear talks will resume, Russian Ambassador to International Organizations in Vienna Mikhail Ulyanov told the daily newspaper Kommersant, in an interview the embassy translated into English on Monday: “As of today, no one, including Iranians, has an answer to that.”

The agreement restricted Iran’s uranium enrichment and gradually lifted US sanctions on Iran, expiring in 2030 and allowing the Islamic Republic to get close to breaking out to a nuclear weapon. The Trump administration left the JCPOA in 2018, opting instead for heavy sanctions to pressure Iran, and the Biden administration began indirect negotiations with Tehran in Vienna earlier this year to return to the deal.

The sixth round of indirect US-Iran talks ended in early June, before the Iranian presidential election. Ebrahim Raisi, a judge responsible for thousands of executions and sanctioned by the US for human rights violations, won that election.

Ulyanov said the delay in talks is “understandable,” in light of the election in Iran.

“There’s a new team coming to the office – they need time to figure this out. The question is really critical for both Iranian society and the establishment. It’s been a subject of a heated debate, so it’s not surprising,” the ambassador and Russia’s lead negotiator on the JCPOA said.

However, Ulyanov said there is “a certain irritation” among the other parties to the deal – likely referring to the US, UK, France and Germany – and “leaving new agreements hanging for such a long time does no good for the cause. We presume that the sooner the talks resume, the better. I think they won’t start earlier than in ten days, maybe later.”

Ulyanov said that, in his view, 90% of the negotiations to return to the JCPOA have been completed, but the remaining 10% “contain a number of politically sensitive issues that can hold the process back,” such as the US being unwilling to commit to future presidents not leaving the deal.

STATE DEPARTMENT spokesman Ned Price said in a press briefing on Monday that the question of whether Iran would return to negotiations “can only be addressed by Tehran,” and that US Special Envoy for Iran Robert Malley is “prepared to return to Vienna for a seventh round of talks as soon as they are scheduled.”

The US continues to believe that “diplomacy is the most effective means at our disposal to achieve… verifiably and permanently ensuring that Iran can never acquire a nuclear weapon,” he said.

Price said, however, that “we’re not imposing a deadline on these talks, but [US Secretary of State Antony] Blinken has made the point – [and] I’ve made the point from here as well – that we are conscious that as time proceeds, Iran’s nuclear advances will have a bearing on our view of ultimately returning to the JCPOA.”

Last week, the spokesman said that the Vienna “process won’t be open indefinitely… and it will get to a point where Iran’s provocations; Iran’s nuclear steps; that breakout time; and the concern that we have associated with it will potentially cause us to reconsider… We’re going to continue to assess the implications of Iran’s steps.”

Referring to the report by the International Atomic Energy Agency that Iran is using uranium metal enriched up to 20%, in further violation of the JCPOA, Price said: “We continue to urge Iran to stop this brinkmanship, to return to Vienna prepared for real talks, and to be in a position to be prepared to finish the work that we have started in April – that has now taken place over six rounds.”

Ulyanov argued that Iran’s latest violations of the JCPOA are “the direct result of the maximum pressure campaign” by the US.

Russia has avoided harshly criticizing the Islamic Republic, Ulyanov said, because Moscow saw the violations as a reaction to the US sanctions. However, he said that “now it seems there are reasons for concern: Iran seems to be going too far.”

Price reiterated that the negotiations in Vienna would only be about returning to the original 2015 version of the JCPOA, despite “profound concerns… with Iran’s behavior in the region.” Those concerns would be more difficult to address if nuclear violations continue, he argued.

Ulyanov spoke out against the idea of a “JCPOA+” that would add further restrictions on Iran.

“If the task had been to restore the JCPOA and add some commitments on top of that, the negotiations wouldn’t have started at all,” he said. “However, in reality, we witness that everyone – except for us and the Chinese – is trying to add something or take something off.”

埃及的塞西在黎巴嫩的哈里裡訪問開羅時提供支持

在埃及，塞西歡迎哈里裡，“重申埃及全力支持哈里裡旨在恢復黎巴嫩穩定的政治道路。”

通過路透

2021 年 7 月 14 日 14:58

黎巴嫩候任總理薩阿德·哈里裡於 2020 年 12 月 11 日在黎巴嫩貝魯特的政府宮受到黎巴嫩看守總理哈桑·迪亞布的歡迎。

（圖片來源：路透社）

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埃及總統阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·塞西周三在訪問開羅時表示全力支持黎巴嫩候任總理薩阿德·哈里裡努力解決嚴重的經濟和政治危機。

黎巴嫩正在與被世界銀行稱為現代歷史上最嚴重的蕭條之一的經濟崩潰作鬥爭。

金融危機使一半以上的人口陷入貧困，近兩年來貨幣貶值超過 90%，但政治僵局進一步加劇了這場危機。

幾個月來，哈里裡一直與總統米歇爾·奧恩 (Michel Aoun) 就組建新政府發生爭執。從開羅返回後，他將在巴布達總統府會見奧恩。

週三早些時候，奧恩表示，他希望哈里裡能在會議上帶來“積極跡象”，並表示仍在努力組建內閣。

在埃及，塞西歡迎哈里裡，“重申埃及全力支持哈里裡旨在恢復黎巴嫩穩定的政治道路”，並支持他努力應對包括組建政府在內的挑戰，總統聲明說。

根據哈里里和埃及外交部的推文，哈里裡還會見了埃及外交部長薩梅赫·舒克里，他表示埃及支持黎巴嫩“退出當前局勢，黎巴嫩各方有必要將黎巴嫩的最高利益置於任何狹隘利益之上”。 .

Egypt's Sisi offers support as Lebanon's Hariri visits Cairo

In Egypt, Sisi welcomed Hariri, "reaffirming Egypt's full support for Hariri's political path which aims at restoring stability to Lebanon."

By REUTERS

JULY 14, 2021 14:58

Lebanon's Prime Minister-designate Saad al-Hariri is greeted by Lebanon's caretaker Prime Minister Hassan Diab at the governemt palace in Beirut, Lebanon, December 11, 2020.

(photo credit: REUTERS)

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Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi expressed full support on Wednesday for Lebanese Prime Minister-Designate Saad Hariri in his efforts to resolve a crippling economic and political crisis as he visited Cairo.

Lebanon is battling an economic meltdown dubbed by the World Bank as one of the deepest depressions in modern history.

The financial crisis, that has propelled more than half of the population into poverty and seen the value of the currency drop by more than 90% in nearly two years, has been deepened by political deadlock.

Hariri has been at loggerheads for months with President Michel Aoun over forming a new government. He is due to meet Aoun at the Baabda presidential palace on his return from Cairo.

Earlier on Wednesday Aoun said he hoped he hoped Hariri would carry "positive indications" to the meeting, and said efforts were still under way to form a cabinet.

In Egypt, Sisi welcomed Hariri, "reaffirming Egypt's full support for Hariri's political path which aims at restoring stability to Lebanon," and for his attempts to deal with challenges including the formation of a government, a presidency statement said.

Hariri also met Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry, who stated Egypt's support for Lebanon's "exit from the current situation, and the necessity for all Lebanese parties to prioritise Lebanon's highest interest over any narrow interests", according to tweets from Hariri and the Egyptian foreign ministry.

哈馬斯指責以色列“偽造”耶路撒冷歷史

哈馬斯發言人表示，以色列“偽造歷史和歪曲事實的努力無濟於事，耶路撒冷將繼續是巴勒斯坦的首都及其阿拉伯伊斯蘭身份”。

由哈利·阿布·托梅

2021 年 7 月 14 日 19:46

在先前挖掘的牆壁附近發現的破壞遺跡。

（圖片來源：ELIYAHU YANAI/大衛城檔案館）

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哈馬斯週三回應有關發現耶路撒冷第一聖殿時期建造的一段城牆的消息，指責以色列“偽造”歷史。

哈馬斯發言人穆罕默德哈馬德表示，以色列“偽造歷史和歪曲事實的努力無濟於事，耶路撒冷將繼續是巴勒斯坦的首都及其阿拉伯伊斯蘭身份”。

古物管理局 (IAA) 宣布，考古學家在大衛市國家公園發現了大部分在公元前 586 年被巴比倫軍隊摧毀的城牆部分。

哈馬德駁回了這一聲明，並指責以色列“偽造和竊取歷史”。

他說，該公告是“先前與所謂的聖殿有關的公告的延續”。

哈馬德說，這一宣布代表了“[以色列]基於偽造和盜竊聖城歷史的做法的延續。”

他還聲稱，這一聲明是以色列“將耶路撒冷猶太化並抹殺其阿拉伯伊斯蘭身份的計劃”的一部分。

他補充說：“佔領的侵略並沒有止步於篡改歷史。相反，它尋求改變現實。這些所謂的發現的宣布與[以色列與四個阿拉伯國家之間的]正常化協議一起為其提供了國際掩護。”

發言人警告以色列不要在阿克薩清真寺大院地區造成“傷害和故意破壞”。

本週早些時候，巴勒斯坦權力機構總理穆罕默德·施泰耶呼籲聯合國教育、科學及文化組織檢查以色列在“阿克薩清真寺大院下”的挖掘工作，並阻止以色列文物局擴大位於 al-Buraq 下方隧道的計劃。牆，”指的是西牆。

Hamas accuses Israel of ‘falsifying’ Jerusalem history

A Hamas spokesperson said that Israel’s effort to “falsify history and distort the facts will not help it, and Jerusalem will remain the capital of Palestine and its Arab Islamic identity.”

By KHALED ABU TOAMEH

JULY 14, 2021 19:46

Remains of destruction discovered near the wall from previous excavations.

(photo credit: ELIYAHU YANAI/CITY OF DAVID ARCHIVES)

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Hamas responded on Wednesday to the news about the discovery of a section of Jerusalem’s city wall built during the First Temple period by accusing Israel of “falsifying” history.

Hamas spokesman Muhammad Hamadeh said that Israel’s effort to “falsify history and distort the facts will not help it, and Jerusalem will remain the capital of Palestine and its Arab Islamic identity.”

The Antiquities Authority (IAA) announced that the section of the wall that was mostly destroyed by the Babylonian army in 586 BCE has been uncovered by archaeologists in the City of David National Park.

Hamadeh dismissed the announcement and accused Israel of “falsifying and stealing history.”

He said that the announcement was “a continuation of previous announcements related to the alleged Temple.”

The announcement, Hamadeh said, represents a “continuation of the [Israeli] approach based on the forgery and theft of the history of the holy city.”

He also claimed that the announcement was part of Israel’s “plans to Judaize Jerusalem and obliterate its Arab Islamic identity.”

He added: “The aggression of the occupation did not stop at the limits of falsifying history. Rather, it seeks to change the reality. The announcement of these alleged discoveries comes in conjunction with the normalization agreements [between Israel and four Arab countries] that gave it an international cover.”

The spokesman warned Israel against causing “harm and vandalism” in the area of the Aqsa Mosque compound.

Earlier this week, Palestinian Authority Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh called on the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to examine Israel’s excavations “beneath the Aqsa Mosque compound and prevent the intended plans of the Israel Antiquities Authority to expand the tunnel located below the al-Buraq Wall,” referring to the Western Wall.

Liberman 和 Barbivai 將 haredi 兒童保育補貼的削減推遲到 11 月

利伯曼被極端正統派領導人譴責為“殘忍和邪惡”的削減措施，這將對部門家庭產生重大的財務影響。

作者：傑瑞米·沙龍

2021 年 7 月 14 日 20:47

Yisrael Beitenu 元首和前國防部長 MK Avigdor Liberman

（照片來源：禮貌）

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財政部長阿維格多·利伯曼（Avigdor Liberman）和經濟部長奧爾娜·巴比維（Orna Barbivay）宣布， 對父親在猶太學校全日制學習的家庭的兒童保育補貼的削減將推 遲到 11 月 1 日。

兩位部長表示，推遲削減開支的決定是為了讓這些家庭有更多時間為該措施對其家庭預算的影響做好財務準備。

利伯曼因削減每個孩子超過 1,000 新謝克爾而受到極端正統派拉比和政界人士的譴責，他們將這一決定描述為對極端正統派家庭的嚴厲和殘酷攻擊。

利伯曼則為這項措施辯護，稱其旨在讓極端正統派男性工作，讓他們擺脫政府福利和對極端正統派政黨的依賴。

高級聯合托拉猶太教 MK Ya'acov Litzman駁回了推遲削減的決定，稱該措施“殘忍和邪惡，其目標是傷害和摧毀極端正統家庭和研究托拉的人。”

利茲曼補充說：“貝內特、利伯曼和拉皮德的改革政府對極端正統派很殘忍，對猶太傳統有害。”

上週，利伯曼決定取消在猶太學校全日制學習的父親獲得兒童保育補貼的資格，這激怒了極端正統派的政治領導人。

該部長期以來一直為在高等教育機構學習或就業的婦女的幼兒提供育兒補貼，以鼓勵她們加入勞動力隊伍。

然而，補貼並不以這些婦女的配偶是否就業為條件，這意味著父親是全日制猶太學校學生的家庭也可以獲得補貼。

每個孩子的補貼金額為 900 新謝克爾至 1,200 新謝克爾，每年總共約有 130,000 個家庭從補貼中受益，勞工和福利部在這些福利上花費了約 12 億新謝克爾，其中約三分之一用於超- 正統家庭。

然而，利伯曼辯稱，補貼最初旨在鼓勵女性和男性參與工作，而不是補貼男性的全日制猶太學校學習。

根據利伯曼的新標準，父親現在需要每周至少 24 小時在非宗教教育機構工作或學習，這將排除全日制猶太學校的學習。

2020 年初，大約 53% 的極端正統男性受僱，而非極端正統男性的這一比例超過 85%。

補貼佔極端正統家庭家庭收入的很大一部分，取消補貼會給這些家庭帶來直接的財務問題。

Liberman, Barbivai delay haredi child-care subsidy cuts till November

Liberman was denounced by ultra-Orthodox leaders for ‘cruel and wicked’ cuts which will have a heavy financial impact on families in sector.

By JEREMY SHARON

JULY 14, 2021 20:47

Yisrael Beitenu head and former defense minister MK Avigdor Liberman

(photo credit: Courtesy)

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Finance Minister Avigdor Liberman and Economy Minister Orna Barbivay have announced that cuts to child-care subsidies for families in which the father studies full time in yeshiva will be delayed until November 1.

The two ministers said the decision to delay the cuts was made to give such families more time to prepare financially for the impact the measure will have on their household budget.

Liberman has been denounced for making the cuts, which amount to over NIS 1,000 per child, by ultra-Orthodox rabbis and politicians who described the decision as a harsh and cruel attack on ultra-Orthodox families.

Liberman for his part defended the measure, saying it was designed to get ultra-Orthodox men into work and wean them off government welfare and a dependence on the ultra-Orthodox parties for their livelihood.

Senior United Torah Judaism MK Ya’acov Litzman dismissed the decision to delay the cuts, saying the measure was “cruel and wicked, the goal of which is to harm and destroy ultra-Orthodox families and those who study Torah.”

Added Litzman “The Reform government of Bennett, Liberman and Lapid is cruel to the ultra-Orthodox and harmful to Jewish tradition.”

Last week, Liberman decided to revoke the eligibility of fathers studying full-time in yeshiva for child-care subsidies, enraging ultra-Orthodox political leaders.

The ministry has long provided child-care subsidies for the young children of women studying in institutions of higher education or who are in employment, in order to encourage them to join the workforce.

The subsidies were however not conditional on the employment, or lack thereof, of the spouses of such women, meaning that families in which the father was a full-time yeshiva student could also obtain the subsidy.

The subsidies amount to from NIS 900 to NIS 1,200 per child, and in total, around 130,000 families benefit from the subsidies every year, with the Labor and Welfare Ministry spending some NIS 1.2 billion on these benefits, approximately a third of which went to ultra-Orthodox families.

Liberman has argued, however, that the subsidies were originally designed to encourage women, as well as men, to participate in the workforce, not to subsidize full-time yeshiva study by men.

In line with Liberman’s new criteria, fathers will now need to work or study in a non-religious educational institute for at least 24 hours a week, something which would preclude full-time yeshiva study.

At the beginning of 2020, around 53% of ultra-Orthodox men were employed compared to over 85% of non-ultra-Orthodox men.

The subsidies comprise a significant portion of an ultra-Orthodox family’s household income, and canceling them will cause immediate financial problems for such families.