2021.07.23 國際新聞導讀-以色列總理稱未打疫苗者危及國家民族應盡快全民注射、以色列藥商ORAMED開發口服COVID19疫苗、以色列申請加入非洲聯盟、穆斯林婦女的家庭工作

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2021.07.23 國際新聞導讀-以色列總理稱未打疫苗者危及國家民族應盡快全民注射、以色列藥商ORAMED開發口服COVID19疫苗、以色列申請加入非洲聯盟、穆斯林婦女的家庭工作

貝內特：拒絕接種疫苗的人正在危及整個國家

總理警告說，如果不給 100 萬堅持者接種疫苗，可能會再次封鎖，稱目標是“擁有一個開放和安全的國家”

通過TOI人員今天，晚上 10:58

週四，總理納夫塔利·貝內特 (Naftali Bennett) 再次呼籲所有以色列人接種冠狀病毒疫苗，指責那些有資格接種但尚未接種疫苗的人危及該國其他地區。

貝內特在特拉維夫的黃金時段電視講話中說，政府的目標是讓以色列人不受阻礙地生活，而不是重新實施 COVID-19 封鎖措施。

“我們希望有一個開放和安全的國家。我們正在以事實和數據為基礎，負責任地管理這場運動，”貝內特說。

Bennett 敦促所有 12 歲以上的以色列人接種疫苗，單靠疫苗不足以應對更具傳染性的 Delta 變體，而這種變體在很大程度上被歸咎於以色列感染的死灰復燃。

“每個 12 歲以上沒有醫療理由不去的公民都必須接種疫苗，”他說。

“一百萬以色列人拒絕接種疫苗，”貝內特繼續說道。“他們正在危及整個人口，他們正在危及該國其他 800 萬公民。”

他警告說，疫苗的抵制可能會導致政府自大流行開始以來第四次實施全國封鎖。

“如果你認識拒絕接種疫苗的人，請說服他們，向他們解釋他們正在冒著他人健康的風險，”省長說。“不要放棄他們。”

廣告

貝內特在講話中指出，新冠病毒高級內閣週四決定開始要求未接種疫苗的人自掏腰包進行 COVID 檢測，這與政府推動提高免疫率有關。

他說：“納稅人和履行公民義務接種疫苗的人沒有理由為拒絕接種疫苗的人提供檢測資金。”

貝內特還指出，那些接種疫苗的人在進入該國時受到的檢疫要求不那麼嚴格。

週四早些時候，冠狀病毒內閣批准恢復“綠色通行證”，將參加大型活動的人限制在接種疫苗、從 COVID-19 中康復或呈現有效陰性檢測結果的人。

新的限制措施將於 7 月 29 日生效，等待政府批准。

部長們還投票通過將英國、格魯吉亞、塞浦路斯和土耳其添加到以色列人因擔心 COVID 而被禁止前往的國家名單中。後兩個是以色列遊客最受歡迎的目的地之一。

廣告

如果政府同意，訪問這些國家的禁令將從 7 月 30 日開始。

在大規模疫苗接種運動之後，在 COVID 發病率和死亡率創下歷史新低之後，以色列的感染激增，這主要歸咎於 Delta 變體。

根據衛生部周四晚間發布的新數據，自午夜以來已確認 901 例新病例，使活躍感染人數達到 9,742。

重症患者進一步上升至75人，死亡人數小幅上升至6457人。

Bennett: Vaccine refusers are endangering the entire country

PM warns another lockdown is possible if one million holdouts aren’t immunized, says aim is ‘to have an open and safe country’

By TOI STAFFToday, 10:58 pm

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett issued a fresh appeal on Thursday for all Israelis to get the coronavirus vaccine, accusing those eligible to get vaccinated who have not done so of endangering the rest of the country.

In a primetime television address from Tel Aviv, Bennett said the government’s aim is to allow Israelis to go about their lives unimpeded and not to reimpose COVID-19 lockdown measures.

“We want to have an open and safe country. We are managing this campaign responsibly… and on the basis of facts and data,” Bennett said.

Asserting vaccines alone were insufficient to cope with the more contagious Delta variant, which has been largely blamed for the resurgence of infections in Israel, Bennett urged all Israelis older than 12 to get immunized.

“Every citizen over age 12 who doesn’t have a medical reason not to must go get vaccinated,” he said.

“One million Israelis are refusing to get vaccinated,” Bennett continued. “They are endangering the entire population, they are endangering the other 8 million citizens in the country.”

He warned that the vaccine holdouts could cause the government to impose a fourth national lockdown since the pandemic began.

“If you know a vaccine refuser, convince them, explain to them that they are risking others’ health,” the premier said. “Don’t give up on them.”

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In his remarks, Bennett noted the high-level coronavirus cabinet’s decision on Thursday to start requiring the unvaccinated to pay out of pocket for COVID tests, linking it to the government’s push to increase immunization rates.

“There is no reason that taxpayers and those who fulfill their civic duty to get vaccinated will fund tests for those who refuse to get vaccinated,” he said.

Bennett also noted that those who are vaccinated are subject to less stringent quarantine requirements when they enter the country.

Earlier Thursday, the coronavirus cabinet approved reinstating the “Green Pass,” limiting attendance at large events to those who are vaccinated, have recovered from COVID-19, or who present a valid negative test result.

The renewed restriction will take effect July 29, pending government approval.

Ministers also voted add the United Kingdom, Georgia, Cyprus and Turkey to a list of countries Israelis are barred from traveling to over COVID fears. The latter two are among the most popular destinations for Israeli tourists.

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If okayed by the government, the ban on visiting those countries will begin July 30.

After COVID morbidity and mortality reached record lows, following a mass vaccination campaign, Israel has seen a jump in infections that has been largely blamed on the Delta variant.

According to new Health Ministry figures released Thursday evening, 901 new cases have been confirmed since midnight, bringing active infections to 9,742.

The number of patients in serious condition rose further to 75, and the death toll increased slightly to 6,457.

內塔尼亞胡聯繫輝瑞和Moderna後，衛生部負責人表示不謝

Nachman Ash 表示，衛生部與製藥公司有直接關係，應由專家決定是否支持；隨著內閣準備開會限制，嚴重案件上升

通過TOI人員今天，中午 12:17

2021 年 6 月 23 日，當時的冠狀病毒沙皇 Nachman Ash 出席了在耶路撒冷舉行的新聞發布會。 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)

衛生部總幹事週四表示，在反對派領導人與輝瑞公司和現代公司的負責人就疫苗的加強注射進行了交談後，不需要前總理本傑明內塔尼亞胡的幫助，據報導，在他的繼任者納夫塔利貝內特的背後.

“我們不需要這種幫助，”Nachman Ash 告訴 Kan 公共廣播公司。“我尊重（內塔尼亞胡）的意見，但決定權在專業人士手中。我們與輝瑞和 Moderna 有直接關係。”

內塔尼亞胡的利庫德集團週三洩露說，他最近幾天與輝瑞公司首席執行官阿爾伯特·布爾拉和 Moderna 首席執行官斯蒂芬·班塞爾進行了多次交談，以推動向以色列人接種第三劑冠狀病毒疫苗。

數週以來，內塔尼亞胡一直堅稱必須立即接種第三劑，但一些分析人士質疑，他的立場是否更植根於希望與新政府的大流行政策區別開來。

輝瑞一直在尋求 FDA 授權進行第三次注射，儘管美國監管機構和以色列衛生官員表示，目前沒有證據表明需要助推器。以色列目前僅向免疫功能低下者提供第三劑。

以色列成功的疫苗接種運動是在內塔尼亞胡任職期間推出的，此前他獲得了使以色列成為 COVID 免疫接種開拓者的協議。這位長期擔任總理的人上個月被更換。

反對黨領袖本傑明·內塔尼亞胡於 2021 年 7 月 6 日在耶路撒冷的以色列議會出席全體會議 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)

週一，第 13 頻道報導稱，以色列已與輝瑞 BioNTech 達成一項秘密協議，根據該協議，如果以色列宣布正在註射 COVID-19 加強疫苗，該製藥公司將立即提供免疫接種。

以色列目前的輝瑞疫苗庫存將於 7 月底到期，但本內特本月早些時候宣布，他已與輝瑞達成一項新協議，將預計交付日期提前至 8 月 1 日。該協議旨在使一項活動能夠繼續進行旨在為 12-15 歲的青少年接種疫苗。

廣告

冠狀病毒的 Delta 變體被認為比以前的病毒株更能成功繞過疫苗。衛生部 7 月初發布的數據表明，輝瑞 COVID-19 疫苗在預防感染方面的有效率為 64%，但在預防住院和嚴重症狀方面的有效率為 93%。

一些衛生官員對這些數字表示懷疑，指出這些數字只是在一個月內收集的，並堅持認為輝瑞疫苗實際上比聲稱的更有效地對抗 Delta 變體。

2021 年 7 月 19 日，以色列青少年在佩塔提克瓦接種 COVID-19 疫苗（Flash90）

儘管如此，隨著具有極強傳染性的 Delta 變種在該國流行，以色列感染冠狀病毒的人數在過去一個月中激增。

衛生部周四公佈的發病率數據顯示，前一天診斷出 1,336 例新的 COVID-19 病例，而一個月前每天只有幾十例病例。

重症患者人數繼續上升，達到72人，死亡人數穩定在6455人。

衛生部表示，七個地方被指定為“紅色”，表明感染率很高。

廣告

週三進行了超過 77,000 次測試，這是自 3 月初以來的最高數字，其中超過 1.7% 的測試結果呈陽性。

2021 年 7 月 21 日，衛生保健工作者在莫迪因 (Modi'in) 的駕車穿越綜合大樓中抽取樣本 (Yossi Aloni/Flash90)

高級冠狀病毒內閣定於週四下午召開會議，討論阻止冠狀病毒病例持續上升的額外措施。

總理辦公室週三發表聲明稱，部長們將討論一項計劃，“該計劃將對以色列爆發的三角洲變種病毒做出反應，包括擬議的綠色通行證和關於進出該國問題的提案”。 ，指的是只允許接種疫苗或康復者進入某些活動和場地的系統。

預計衛生部還將建議大幅增加禁止以色列人前往和離開的國家數量。

Health Ministry head says no thanks after Netanyahu contacts Pfizer, Moderna

Nachman Ash says ministry has direct relationship with pharma companies, and booster decision should be left to experts; serious cases rise as cabinet set to meet on restrictions

By TOI STAFFToday, 12:17 pm

Then-coronavirus czar Nachman Ash attends a press conference in Jerusalem on June 23, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)

The director-general of the Health Ministry said on Thursday that former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s help was not required after the opposition leader spoke with the heads of Pfizer and Moderna about booster shots of the vaccine, reportedly behind the back of his successor, Naftali Bennett.

“We do not need this assistance,” Nachman Ash told the Kan public broadcaster. “I respect [Netanyahu’s] opinion, but the decision is up to the professionals. We have a direct relationship with Pfizer and Moderna.”

Netanyahu’s Likud party leaked on Wednesday that he had spoken several times in recent days with Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla and Moderna CEO Stéphane Bancel as part of his push to have a third coronavirus vaccine dose administered to Israelis.

For weeks, Netanyahu has insisted that third doses are necessary immediately, but some analysts have questioned whether his position is more rooted in a desire to differentiate himself from the new government’s policies on the pandemic.

Pfizer has been seeking FDA authorization for a third shot, though the US regulator and Israeli health officials have said there is no evidence boosters are needed at this time. Israel is currently offering a third dose only to the immunocompromised.

Israel’s successful vaccination campaign was rolled out during Netanyahu’s tenure, after he secured agreements that made Israel a trailblazer on COVID immunizations. The longtime premier was replaced last month.

Opposition head Benjamin Netanyahu attends a plenum session at the Knesset in Jerusalem, on July 6, 2021 (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)

On Monday, Channel 13 reported that Israel had reached a secret agreement with Pfizer-BioNTech under which the pharmaceutical company will immediately provide shipments of immunizations if Israel declares that it is administering booster COVID-19 shots.

Israel’s current stockpile of Pfizer vaccines expires at the end of July, but Bennett announced earlier this month that he’d brokered a new deal with Pfizer to bring forward a projected delivery to August 1. That deal was intended to enable the continuation of a campaign aimed at vaccinating youths aged 12-15.

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The Delta variant of the coronavirus is believed to be more successful in bypassing the vaccines than previous strains of the virus. Health Ministry figures released in early July indicated that the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is only 64 percent effective in preventing infection, but remains 93% effective in preventing hospitalization and serious symptoms.

Some health officials have cast doubt on these figures, noting that they were gathered only over a period of a month, and maintaining that the Pfizer vaccine is actually more effective against the Delta variant than claimed.

Israeli teen receives a COVID-19 vaccine in Petah Tikva, July 19, 2021 (Flash90)

Still, the number of Israelis with the coronavirus has surged over the past month as the ultra-contagious Delta variant has taken hold in the country.

Health Ministry morbidity figures published Thursday showed there were 1,336 new cases of COVID-19 diagnosed the day before, compared to a daily caseload of just a few dozen a month ago.

The number of patients in serious condition continued to rise, reaching 72. The death toll remained steady at 6,455.

The Health Ministry said seven localities were designated as “red,” showing high infection rates.

部長們還好綠通行證歸還；計劃禁止前往英國、塞浦路斯、土耳其

從下週四開始，以色列人將再次需要出示疫苗接種或從 COVID 中康復的證明，或測試呈陰性，才能參加某些活動

通過TOI人員今天，晚上 7:57

說明圖：2021 年 2 月 23 日，一名婦女在抵達耶路撒冷可汗劇院觀看戲劇時展示她的綠色通行證。（Yonatan Sindel/Flash90）

隨著每日冠狀病毒病例繼續攀升，部長們於週四批准恢復“綠色通行證”，將參加大型活動的人限制為已接種疫苗、已從 COVID-19 中康復或呈現有效陰性檢測結果的人。

從 7 月 29 日開始，新的限制將適用於超過 100 名參與者的室內和室外活動。提供過去 72 小時的疫苗接種證明、康復證明或陰性測試的要求僅適用於 12 歲以上的人。年齡，不會有任何限制。

總理辦公室的一份聲明說，綠色通行證也將在體育賽事、健身房、餐廳、會議、旅遊景點和禮拜堂恢復，同時強調聚會或這些場所不會有容量限制。

聲明還說，從 8 月 8 日開始，對於那些有資格接種疫苗但選擇不這樣做的人，必須自掏腰包支付冠狀病毒檢測費用。

該決定得到了所謂的冠狀病毒內閣的批准，這是一個高級別部長級論壇，其任務是領導政府應對大流行病。它仍必須得到政府的批准，並定於週日在每週內閣會議上進行投票。

總理納夫塔利·貝內特 (Naftali Bennett) 的辦公室將這些新措施描述為“有組織和全面的計劃的一部分，該計劃將對以色列爆發的 Delta 變種作出反應”。

2021 年 7 月 22 日，以色列人，其中一些人戴著口罩，走在特拉維夫。 (Miriam Alster/Flash90)

部長們還在周四的會議上投票決定將英國、格魯吉亞、塞浦路斯和土耳其加入以色列人因擔心 COVID 而被禁止前往的國家名單。後兩個是以色列遊客最受歡迎的目的地之一。

如果獲得政府批准，對這些國家的訪問禁令將從 7 月 30 日開始。

目前，抵達以色列的已接種疫苗的旅客必須隔離 24 小時，或直到他們在著陸時進行的檢測結果為陰性為止——以較早發生者為準。未接種疫苗的旅行者必須隔離 7 天，並在一周結束時接受陰性測試。

根據衛生部更新的指南，截至上週，所有從被認為感染率高的國家返回的人都必須隔離整整 7 天，即使檢測結果為陰性。完整的隔離期最近從之前的 10-14 天縮短了。

目前禁止以色列人進入的國家有烏茲別克斯坦、阿根廷、白俄羅斯、巴西、南非、印度、墨西哥和俄羅斯，任何前往這些目的地的人都將被處以 5,000 新謝克爾（1,500 美元）的罰款和隔離。

2021 年 7 月 1 日抵達本古里安機場的旅客。（Nati Shohat/Flash90）

根據第 13 頻道的消息，當衛生部長尼贊·霍洛維茨 (Nitzan Horowitz) 詢問為什麼健身房需要綠色通行證時，衛生部長尼贊·霍洛維茨 (Nitzan Horowitz) 打斷了經濟部長奧娜·巴比瓦 (Orna Barbivai) 的話說，會議期間爆發了一場小規模的喊叫比賽。

“別打斷我。如果你大喊大叫，我會大聲喊叫。冷靜點，”巴比瓦伊對霍洛維茨大喊大叫，霍洛維茨回應說他試圖回答這個問題。

教育部長 Yifat Shasha-Biton 是政府限制的主要批評者，他投票反對恢復綠色通行證。

廣告

“這是什麼瘋子？我不願意讓孩子們支付考試費用。你在懲罰他們，”第 12 頻道新聞報導她這樣說。

該網絡還報導說，貝內特在會議期間表示，更新綠色通行證的一個核心原因是加強疫苗接種，但總檢察長阿維查·曼德爾布利特告訴他，這是“一個有問題的陳述”，因為任何被視為懲罰性的措施都會遇到法律問題。困難。

在大規模疫苗接種運動之後，在 COVID 發病率和死亡率創下歷史新低之後，以色列的感染激增，這主要歸咎於 Delta 變體，這是一種在印度首次發現的更具傳染性的冠狀病毒株。

根據衛生部周四公佈的數據，前一天確診了 1,336 例新病例，活動性感染進一步攀升至 9,673 例。

重症患者人數進一步增加，達到72人，死亡人數穩定在6455人。

週三進行了超過 77,000 次測試，這是自 3 月初以來的最高數字，其中超過 1.7% 的測試結果呈陽性。

Ministers okay return of Green Pass; plan to ban travel to UK, Cyprus, Turkey

As of next Thursday, Israelis will once again need to present proof of vaccination or recovery from COVID, or a negative test, to attend certain events

By TOI STAFFToday, 7:57 pm

Illustrative image: A woman shows her green pass as she arrives to watch a play at the Khan theater in Jerusalem, on February 23, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)

As daily coronavirus cases continue to climb, ministers approved reinstating the “Green Pass” on Thursday, limiting attendance at large events to those who are vaccinated, have recovered from COVID-19, or who present a valid negative test result.

The renewed restrictions will apply to both indoor and outdoor events with over 100 participants, starting on July 29. The requirement to present proof of vaccination, recovery or a negative test from the past 72 hours will only apply to people older than 12. Under that age, there will be no restrictions.

A statement from the Prime Minister’s Office said the Green Pass will also be reinstated at sporting events, gyms, restaurants, conferences, tourist attractions and houses of worship, while stressing there won’t be capacity limitations on gatherings or at these venues.

The statement also said that starting August 8, coronavirus tests for those eligible to be vaccinated who choose not to do so will have to be paid for out of pocket.

The decision was approved by the so-called coronavirus cabinet, a high-level ministerial forum tasked with leading the government’s pandemic response. It must still be ratified by the government, and is set to be voted on Sunday during the weekly cabinet meeting.

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett’s office described the new measures as being part of an “organized and comprehensive plan that will provide a response to the outbreak of the Delta variant in Israel.”

Israelis, some wearing face masks, walk in Tel Aviv, on July 22, 2021. (Miriam Alster/Flash90)

Ministers also voted during Thursday’s meeting to add the United Kingdom, Georgia, Cyprus and Turkey to a list of countries Israelis are barred from traveling to over COVID fears. The latter two are among the most popular destinations for Israeli tourists.

If approved by the government, the ban on visiting those countries will begin July 30.

Currently, vaccinated travelers arriving in Israel must quarantine for 24 hours, or until they receive a negative result for a test taken upon landing — whichever comes sooner. Unvaccinated travelers have to quarantine for seven days and receive a negative test when the week is over.

As of last week, all those returning from countries deemed to have high infection rates are required to quarantine for a full seven days, even with a negative test result, according to the Health Ministry’s updated guidelines. The full quarantine period was recently shortened from the previous 10-14 days.

The countries that are currently off-limits for Israelis are Uzbekistan, Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, South Africa, India, Mexico and Russia, with anyone traveling to those destinations subject to a NIS 5,000 ($1,500) fine, as well as quarantine.

Travelers arriving at Ben Gurion Airport, on July 1, 2021. (Nati Shohat/Flash90)

According to Channel 13 news, a minor shouting match broke out during the meeting when Health Minister Nitzan Horowitz interrupted Economy Minister Orna Barbivai when she asked why the Green Pass would be needed for gyms.

“Don’t cut me off. If you yell I’ll yell louder. Calm down,” Barbivai was quoted as shouting at Horowitz, who responded he was trying to answer the question.

Education Minister Yifat Shasha-Biton, a leading critic of government restrictions, voted against reinstating the Green Pass.

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“What is this madness? I’m not willing for kids to pay for tests. You’re punishing them,” she was reported as saying by Channel 12 news.

The network also reported that Bennett said during the meeting that one central reason for the renewed Green Pass was to boost vaccination, but was told by Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit that this was “a problematic statement,” as any measure seen as punitive would encounter legal difficulties.

After COVID morbidity and mortality reached record lows, following a mass vaccination campaign, Israel has seen a jump in infections that has been largely blamed on the Delta variant, a more contagious coronavirus strain that was first detected in India.

According to Health Ministry figures released on Thursday, 1,336 new cases were diagnosed the day before, with active infections further climbing to 9,673.

The number of patients in serious condition further ticked up, reaching 72. The death toll remained steady at 6,455.

Over 77,000 tests were performed on Wednesday, the highest number since early March, with over 1.7% of them showing a positive result.

貝內特：美國消費者認為站在哈馬斯一邊“很酷”

總理猛烈抨擊 Ben & Jerry 禁止在定居點銷售，稱“抵制以色列是人們可以做出的最糟糕的商業舉措”

通過拉扎爾·伯曼 今天下午 5:30

·

2021 年 7 月 22 日，納夫塔利·貝內特總理（右）在耶路撒冷迎接以色列駐美國和聯合國吉拉德·埃爾丹特使 (Haim Zach/GPO)

總理納夫塔利·貝內特週四表示，抵制以色列是一項可怕的商業舉措，並暗示美國冰淇淋製造商 Ben & Jerry's 站在哈馬斯一邊，禁止在以色列定居點銷售。

“任何考慮將抵制以色列變成營銷或品牌問題的人都會發現這是他做過的最糟糕的商業決定，”貝內特說。

他在以色列國防軍特拉維夫總部發表講話，同時會見了一個由 26 人組成的全球駐美國和聯合國大使代表團，該代表團目前正在以色列訪問。

“消費者，當然在以色列，但也在美國和其他國家，不認為站在哈馬斯一邊很酷，”他繼續說道。“我們將使用我們可以使用的所有措施，包括立法措施。”

週一，Ben & Jerry's 宣布將不再在“被佔領的巴勒斯坦領土”分銷其產品，顯然是指西岸定居點和東耶路撒冷。

表單的頂端

這一消息在以色列遭到強烈譴責，外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 誓言要求美國數十個州啟動其反 BDS 法，以懲罰這家冰淇淋公司。

2021 年 7 月 20 日，卡車停在 Be'er Tuvia 工業區的 Ben & Jerry 冰淇淋工廠（美聯社照片/Tsafir Abayov）

“任何抵制以色列的人——他們唯一的罪過就是與恐怖主義作鬥爭——必須知道要付出代價，”貝內特說。

貝內特用英語與代表團交談，但他的辦公室只分發了一份希伯來語的講話稿。

代表團由以色列駐美國和聯合國大使吉拉德·埃爾丹接待。

該小組於週四晚上抵達以色列，參加由美國猶太復國主義運動贊助的為期一周的巡迴演出。來自肯尼亞、匈牙利、阿根廷、捷克共和國、不丹、多米尼加共和國、烏克蘭、湯加、危地馬拉和澳大利亞的特使以及他們的配偶參加了此次巡演，此外還有來自猶太組織的代表，如 March of the Living、 AZM 和 B'nai B'rith。

“尤其是現在，當企業屈服於 BDS 的壓力，並將政治、反以色列的考慮納入他們的決定時，聯合國大使訪問的重要性尤其重要，”埃爾丹說。

他補充說，代表團成員已承諾努力影響其政府在聯合國和其他國際論壇上的立場。

2021 年 7 月 16 日，來自世界各地的外交官在耶路撒冷會見美國和聯合國特使吉拉德·埃爾丹（Lazar Berman/以色列時報）

週二，埃爾丹致函美國 35 個州的州長，這些州 已頒布立法反對抵制、撤資和製裁運動，要求他們對 Ben & Jerry's 的決定進行製裁。

“我要求您考慮公開反對公司的決定，並採取任何其他相關步驟，包括與您所在州的法律以及 Ben & Jerry's 與您所在州之間的商業交易有關的步驟，”閱讀 Erdan 的信，他說他協調與外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德的舉動。

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已通過反 BDS 立法的州包括佛羅里達州、伊利諾伊州、紐約州、新澤西州、加利福尼亞州、馬里蘭州和德克薩斯州，但不包括 Ben & Jerry's 總部所在地佛蒙特州。

在周二的美國國務院新聞發布會上，發言人 Ned Price 表示，當被問及此事時，他沒有“對有關私營公司行為的提議做出反應”，但重申白宮官員“堅決拒絕 BDS 運動，這不公平地將以色列單獨挑出來。”

納夫塔利·貝內特總理會見了來訪的駐聯合國和美國大使代表團。（海姆扎克/ GPO）

一旦任命了替代者，埃爾丹將離開他作為駐美國特使的職位，並且不會在 11 月底之後繼續擔任該職位。不過，這位前利庫德集團部長表示，他計劃繼續擔任以色列駐聯合國特使。

埃爾丹自 2020 年 7 月起擔任聯合國特使，自今年 1 月起擔任駐美國大使。

藥丸形式的以色列 COVID 疫苗將在特拉維夫開始臨床試驗

隨著世界討論可能的助推器，以及較貧窮的國家正在努力獲得武器，開發商聲稱藥丸可以通過簡化物流來“改變遊戲規則”

通過內森杰斐 今天，晚上 10:53

說明：手拿藥丸（Rosifan19；iStock by Getty Images）

一種預期的口服冠狀病毒疫苗將在以色列開始臨床試驗，開發人員認為這可以幫助將疫苗送到因基礎設施有限而難以接種的國家。

Oramed Pharmaceuticals 已開發出一種由印度 Premas Biotech 開發的前瞻性疫苗的單劑量口服版本，並於 3 月宣布已成功在豬體內產生抗體。

它希望以色列開發的藥丸適合作為簡單的初始疫苗接種，因為它不需要在低溫下儲存，也不需要專業人員進行注射。

這可能會成為像印度這樣的國家的“遊戲規則改變者”，那裡只有 5% 的人口接種了疫苗，Oramed 首席執行官 Nadav Kidron 表示，。

他預計這項技術可以幫助醫療保健提供者應對提供加強注射的可能挑戰——隨著 Delta 變體在某些國家的猖獗而越來越多地討論——並相信藥丸對於這樣的任務將特別有用。他認為該公式在面對新變體時特別穩健。

以色列已經開始給免疫功能低下的人注射加強針，世界上許多地方的衛生官員都在談論為所有人注射加強針的可能性。與此同時，醫學界越來越多的建議認為，加強注射可能不需要與最初注射的疫苗配方相同，甚至混合搭配方法可能會有好處。

Kidron 告訴《以色列時報》，考慮到對助推器的需求前景以及世界部分地區缺乏疫苗，他感到迫切需要讓該產品獲得批准並交到衛生提供者手中。

“與其他冠狀病毒疫苗不同，我們的口服疫苗不依賴於深度冷凍供應鏈，這可能意味著一個國家能否擺脫大流行，”他告訴以色列時報。

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在印度，只有 5% 的人口接種了疫苗，市民排隊等候接種冠狀病毒疫苗。(Punit Paranjpe/法新社)

“特別是在尚未為其人口接種疫苗的病毒重災區，口服 COVID-19 疫苗可能會改變遊戲規則。”

Oramed 現在已獲得特拉維夫 Sourasky 醫療中心的批准，可以開始對 24 名未接種疫苗的志願者進行臨床試驗，並將監測疫苗藥丸是否會促使他們產生抗體，如果是，會達到什麼水平。

Oramed 製藥公司首席執行官 Nadav Kidron。（禮貌：Oramed）

該公司表示，一旦獲得衛生部的最終批准，它預計將在下個月開始對其 Oravax 藥丸進行試驗。

Kidron 說，他的疫苗針對三種 SARS CoV-2 病毒表面蛋白，而大多數其他疫苗只針對一種，並補充說它針對不易發生突變的蛋白質，並表示這將使疫苗在面對新變種時保持有效。

他說：“我們的疫苗是針對不斷演變的 COVID-19 病毒的特別有力的候選者，因為它針對三種蛋白質而不是一種蛋白質。”

以色列在被拒之門外20年後以觀察員身份加入非洲聯盟

耶路撒冷在與非洲大陸迅速發展的聯繫方面取得了重大進展；“這是以色列與非洲關係的慶祝日，”外長拉皮德說

通過拉扎爾·伯曼 今天下午 4:39

代表們於 2020 年 2 月 9 日在埃塞俄比亞亞的斯亞貝巴非盟總部出席第 33 屆非洲聯盟（非盟）峰會開幕式。（美聯社照片）

以色列外交部周四宣布，以色列將作為觀察員國加入非洲聯盟。

以色列駐亞的斯亞貝巴大使阿萊林·阿德馬蘇 (Aleleign Admasu) 將以色列的憲章作為觀察員成員提交給了這個由 55 個成員組成的大陸組織。

以色列在前身非洲統一組織中享有觀察員地位，直到 2002 年該組織解散並成為非洲聯盟。

“這是以色列與非洲關係的慶祝日，”外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德 (Yair Lapid) 說。“這一外交成就是外交部、非洲司和以色列駐非洲使館共同努力的結果。”

“這糾正了近二十年來存在的異常現象，”拉皮德繼續說道，“並且是加強以色列對外關係結構的重要組成部分。這將有助於我們加強在非洲大陸和該組織成員國的活動。”

以色列與 46 個非盟成員國有關係。以色列於 2016 年與幾內亞和乍得於 2019 年重新建立了關係。

2021 年 7 月 22 日，以色列駐埃塞俄比亞特使 Aleleign Admasu (R) 在亞的斯亞貝巴提交了以色列作為非洲聯盟觀察員成員的憲章（非洲聯盟委員會）

2020年10月，以色列還與蘇丹簽署了正常化協議。

外交部表示，這一發展將有助於在抗擊 COVID-19 大流行和打擊恐怖主義方面進行更好的合作。

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前總理本雅明·內塔尼亞胡在其 12 年任期的後半期將以色列與非洲的關係放在首位，其中包括與非洲大陸幾個穆斯林占多數的國家的關係。

除了為以色列農業、高科技和安全知識尋求新市場外，這位前總理還渴望改善非洲國家在聯合國安理會和聯合國教科文組織等國際論壇上對以色列相關問題的投票記錄。

2016 年 7 月，內塔尼亞胡訪問了四個東非國家：烏干達、肯尼亞、盧旺達和埃塞俄比亞，成為幾十年來第一位前往非洲大陸的以色列總理。

2016年7月5日，以色列總理內塔尼亞胡和夫人薩拉在肯尼亞內羅畢總統府會見肯尼亞總統烏胡魯·肯雅塔和肯雅塔夫人。 (Kobi Gideon/GPO)

同年 12 月，耶路撒冷在以色列舉行的農業會議上接待了來自十幾個西非國家的七位部長和許多其他高級官員，該會議由西非經共體和以色列國際發展合作署聯合主辦。

2017 年 6 月，內塔尼亞胡出席了西非國家經濟共同體 (ECOWAS) 的年會，該組織包括 15 個國家，總人口約為 3.2 億。總理應邀出席在利比里亞首都蒙羅維亞舉行的第51屆共同體國家元首和政府首腦會議。

“以色列正在大規模地重返非洲，”當時的總理在此行前說。

Raphael Ahren 為本報告做出了貢獻。

Israel to join African Union as observer after being kept out for 2 decades

Jerusalem makes major stride in its burgeoning ties with the continent; ‘this is a day of celebration for Israel-Africa relations,’ says Foreign Minister Lapid

By LAZAR BERMAN Today, 4:39 pm

Delegates attend the opening session of the 33rd African Union (AU) Summit at the AU headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, February 9, 2020. (AP Photo)

Israel will be joining the African Union as an observer state, the Foreign Ministry announced Thursday.

Israel’s ambassador to Addis Ababa, Aleleign Admasu, submitted Israel’s charter as an observer member to the 55-member continental organization.

Israel enjoyed observer status in the predecessor Organization of African Unity until 2002, when the organization dissolved itself and became the African Union.

“This is a day of celebration for Israel-Africa relations,” said Foreign Minister Yair Lapid. “This diplomatic achievement is the result of efforts by the Foreign Ministry, the African Division, and Israeli embassies on the continent.”

“This corrects the anomaly that existed for almost two decades,” Lapid continued, “and is an important part of strengthening of fabric of Israel’s foreign relations. This will help us strengthen our activities in the continent and in the organization’s member states.”

Israel has relations with 46 of the AU member states. Israel reestablished relations with Guinea in 2016 and with Chad in 2019.

Israel’s envoy to Ethiopia Aleleign Admasu (R) submits Israel’s charter as an observer member to the African Union in Addis Ababa, July 22, 2021 (African Union Commission)

In October 2020, Israel also signed a normalization agreement with Sudan.

The Foreign Ministry said the development would allow for better cooperation on fighting the COVID-19 pandemic and on combating terrorism.

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Former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu prioritized Israel’s relations with Africa during the latter half of his 12 years in office, including with several Muslim-majority countries on the continent.

Besides seeking new markets for Israeli agriculture, high-tech and security know-how, the former prime minister was eager to improve African nations’ voting record on Israel-related matters in international forums such as the United Nations Security Council and UNESCO.

In July 2016, Netanyahu became the first Israeli premier in decades to travel to the continent when he visited four East African nations: Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Ethiopia.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his wife Sara meet with Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta and Kenyatta’s wife at the president’s house in Nairobi, Kenya, on July 5, 2016. (Kobi Gideon/GPO)

In December of that year, Jerusalem hosted seven ministers and many other top officials from over a dozen Western African countries at an agricultural conference in Israel, which was co-sponsored by ECOWAS and Mashav, Israel’s Agency for International Development Cooperation

In June 2017, Netanyahu attended the annual conference by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), an organization that includes 15 nations with a combined population of some 320 million. The prime minister was invited to the 51st Ordinary Session of the Authority of Heads of State and Government of the Community in Monrovia, Liberia’s capital city.

“Israel is returning to Africa in a big way,” the then-prime minister said before the trip.

Raphael Ahren contributed to this report.

貝內特的聖殿山推文會引發一場宗教戰爭嗎？5 次

在 Tisha Be'av 期間揭開 Bennett 在聖殿山上關於“猶太人的崇拜自由”的失誤。

作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫

2021 年 7 月 22 日 22:24

週日，在 Tisha Be'av 期間，安全部隊保護前往聖殿山的猶太遊客的安全

（照片來源：AMMAR AWAD / 路透社）

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週日有一段時間，納夫塔利·貝內特總理似乎剛剛取消了一項長達 54 年的禁止猶太人在聖殿山祈禱的政策。

如果貝內特真的做出這樣的政策改變，考慮到後者強烈反對在該地點進行的猶太人祈禱，它很可能會引發猶太人和穆斯林之間的宗教戰爭。

在美國總統喬拜登週一與阿卜杜拉國王首次會晤前夕，這一舉動可能會切斷以色列與其鄰國約旦的關係以及安曼和華盛頓之間複雜的關係，特別是考慮到哈希姆王國與約旦有著特殊的監護關係。聖殿山。

在國內，這將使他的聯盟崩潰，並使以色列重新陷入另一個選舉週期。

有爭議的是總理辦公室在聖殿山發生衝突後發出的一條推文中的一句話，聖殿山也被穆斯林稱為 al-Haram al-Sharif。

最初，它看起來像一條簡單的信息，讓公眾知道貝內特“與公共安全部長巴爾列夫和以色列警察檢查員進行了交談。Shabtai 並感謝他們以責任和考慮來管理聖殿山上的事件。”

然後，彷彿這是世界上最無害的聲明，總理辦公室補充說，這樣做是“同時維護了山上猶太人的崇拜自由”。

總理辦公室繼續在推特上發帖稱，貝內特強調，“在聖殿山上的禮拜自由也將完全保留給穆斯林，他們很快將慶祝阿拉法日和宰牲節。 。”

不完全是設置政策更改時的通知類型。

除了在 1967 年以色列和 Wakf 伊斯蘭宗教信託之間的六日戰爭之後製定的一項政策——被稱為現狀——允許所有信仰的成員訪問該網站，同時禁止除穆斯林以外的任何人在那裡祈禱。猶太人尤其會在附近的西牆祈禱。

Bennett 回過頭來，他的發言人 Matan Sidi 澄清說，現狀沒有改變。西迪的話似乎熄滅了潛在的火花，但時機再糟糕不過了。

以下是聖殿山成為一個日益敏感的閃點問題的五個原因，尤其是在本週，當涉及到很容易失控的事故時，這個地形通常是無情的。

1. 這是猶太人和穆斯林的聖週

總理辦公室的推文是在 Tisha Be'av 齋戒日發出的，當時猶太人每年都會哀悼這座曾經矗立在這座歷史悠久的山頂上的聖殿的毀滅，直到它在公元 70 年被羅馬人摧毀。

聖殿山是猶太教中最神聖的地方，幾千年前亞伯拉罕、猶太人和基督徒都相信，在那裡，幾乎犧牲了他的兒子以撒。它是伊斯蘭教第三聖地，標誌著穆罕默德騎著雙翼馬升天的地方。

Tisha Be'av 今年在為期三天的穆斯林節日開齋節開始前一天倒下了，穆斯林相信，通過他願意犧牲以實瑪利來慶祝亞伯拉罕對上帝的信仰。

由於這兩個節日，大量的猶太和穆斯林信徒湧入耶路撒冷舊城，宗教熱情高漲。 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tisha Be'av 是猶太人最有可能感到無法像數千年前那樣在聖殿山祈禱的日子。相比之下，穆斯林最有可能被離他們神聖時刻如此之近的猶太祈禱激怒。

在那一刻談論改變現狀就像在乾燥的田野上打火柴一樣。

2. 猶太人已經在聖殿山上謹慎祈禱

外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德（Yair Lapid）本可以呼籲猶太人只在靠近聖殿山的西牆祈禱。但在基層，少數猶太人在上聖殿山時已經謹慎地祈禱，無論是私下還是在民宴上，集體祈禱的最低法定人數為 10 人。

這種做法在本雅明·內塔尼亞胡總理 12 年任期的後期被曝光，當時猶太遊客的數量也激增。在 Tisha Be'av，超過 1,600 名猶太人登上聖殿山。

儘管內塔尼亞胡經常談到維持現狀的重要性，但他對聖殿山基層猶太人祈禱問題基本上視而不見。

許多在他的政府任職的政治家認為猶太人應該有權在那裡祈禱。

那些支持猶太人在那裡祈禱的人認為，永遠不應剝奪猶太人在他們最神聖的地方祈禱的能力，而且圍繞它的禁忌已經被打破。

在他短暫的任期內，貝內特也沒有阻止這種祈禱，甚至在貝內特發出他的推文之前，週日就在 Tisha Be'av 的早晨引發了穆斯林和警察之間的衝突。

然而，貝內特的聯盟在這個問題上存在分歧，其一些成員認為必須維持聖殿山的現狀。

3. 特朗普批准最終改變現狀

2020 年 1 月，前總統唐納德·特朗普 (Donald Trump) 發布了解決以巴衝突的“和平至繁榮”計劃，批准了對聖殿山現狀的最終改變。

該計劃呼籲在聖殿山為猶太人、基督徒和穆斯林提供禮拜自由。

“應允許各種信仰的人在聖殿山/謝里夫聖地祈禱，以充分尊重其宗教的方式，考慮到每個宗教的祈禱和假期時間以及其他宗教因素， ”計劃中寫道。

儘管該計劃被擱置，但它提醒人們，現狀並非一成不變，可以在最高外交級別批准對其進行更改。

4. 加沙戰爭部分由聖殿山暴力引發

長期以來，穆斯林擔心無法進入阿克薩清真寺大院一直是巴以暴力的導火索。

前總理阿里爾·沙龍在擔任利庫德集團反對派領導人時對那裡的著名訪問引發了對穆斯林捍衛聖地的呼籲，並經常被認為引發了第二次起義。

2015 年開始的為期兩年的“刀鋒起義”與對聖殿山上猶太人祈禱的恐懼有關。

同樣，今年 5 月為期 11 天的加沙戰爭部分是由耶路撒冷動亂引發的。這包括聖殿山周圍的暴力事件，因為穆斯林信徒擔心，在其中一扇大門暫時關閉後，他們無法進入阿克薩清真寺大院，警察阻止了一些載滿禮拜者的公共汽車進入該地點。

5. 喬丹擔心失去與聖殿山的特殊關係

哈希姆王國作為阿克薩的監護人的特殊角色是該家族在麥加、麥地那和耶路撒冷三座最神聖的穆斯林清真寺的監護角色的全部遺存，它在一個多世紀前在第一次世界大戰後失去了。

英國人在兩次戰爭之間控制該地區的部分地區時，就確立了這種聯繫。從 1948 年到 1967 年，聖殿山在約旦的控制之下。自 1967 年六日戰爭結束以來，它一直是以色列主權的一部分。

在 1994 年的以色列-約旦和平條約中，以色列承認約旦在“耶路撒冷穆斯林聖地”中的特殊作用，但約旦從未認為自己在這些聖地中的地位是安全的。有報導稱，特朗普曾試圖讓沙特阿拉伯（現在是麥加和麥地那清真寺的保管人）在聖殿山上立足，這只會加劇這種不安全感。

約旦的穆斯林公民（主要是巴勒斯坦人）也敏銳地感受到耶路撒冷發生的事件，與聖殿山有關的問題總是有能力破壞哈希姆統治的穩定，哈希姆統治已經因 COVID-19 大流行和缺乏足夠的水。

貝內特幾乎立即與約旦達成了一項購買協議，該協議將使約旦獲得以色列的支持幾乎翻倍。

然後他幾乎用他的推文取消了這些努力，但能夠解決這個事故。阿卜杜拉國王接受了貝內特的保證，即他致力於維持現狀。

隨後拜登發表了類似的支持言論，週一兩人在華盛頓會面時，拜登向阿卜杜拉保證，美國承認約旦“作為耶路撒冷穆斯林聖地監護人的特殊角色”。

Could Bennett's Temple Mount tweet have sparked a religious war? 5 takes

Unpacking Bennett’s misstep on ‘freedom of worship for Jews’ on the Temple Mount during Tisha Be'av.

By TOVAH LAZAROFF

JULY 22, 2021 22:24

SECURITY FORCES guard the safety of Jewish visitors to the Temple Mount during Tisha Be’av, on Sunday

(photo credit: AMMAR AWAD / REUTERS)

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For a moment on Sunday it appeared as though Prime Minister Naftali Bennett had just erased a 54-year policy banning Jewish prayer on the Temple Mount.

Had Bennett actually made such a policy change, it likely would have started a religious war between Jews and Muslims, given the latter’s vehement opposition to Jewish prayer at the site.

It’s a move that could have severed Israel’s ties with its neighbor Jordan and complicated relations between Amman and Washington on the eve of US President Joe Biden’s first meeting there with King Abdullah on Monday, particularly given that the Hashemite Kingdom has a special custodial relationship to the Temple Mount.

Domestically it would have collapsed his coalition and set Israel hurtling back into another election cycle.

At issue was a line in a tweet sent out by the Prime Minister’s Office in the aftermath of clashes at the Temple Mount, also known to Muslims as al-Haram al-Sharif.

Initially it looked like a simple message, letting the public know that Bennett had spoken “with Public Security Minister Bar Lev and Israel Police Insp.-Gen. Shabtai and thanked them for managing the events on the Temple Mount with responsibility and consideration.”

Then, as if it was the most innocuous statement in the world, the Prime Minister’s Office added that this was done “while maintaining freedom of worship for Jews on the Mount.”

The Prime Minister’s Office continued the Twitter thread, stating that Bennett had emphasized that “freedom of worship on the Temple Mount will be fully preserved for Muslims as well, who will soon be marking the fast of the Day of Arafah and the Eid al-Adha.”

Not exactly the type of notice one issues when setting a policy change.

Except that a policy – known as the status quo – worked out in the aftermath of the Six Day War in 1967 between Israel and the Wakf Islamic religious trust allows members of all faiths to visit the site, while banning anyone but Muslims from praying there. Jews in particular are expected to pray at the nearby Western Wall.

Bennett backtracked, with his spokesman Matan Sidi clarifying that there was no change to the status quo. Sidi’s words appeared to extinguish potential sparks, but the timing could not have been worse.

Here are five reasons the Temple Mount is an increasingly sensitive flash point issue, particularly this week, in a terrain that is often unforgiving when it comes to mishaps that can so easily spiral out of control.

1. It was a holy week for Jews and Muslims

The Prime Minister’s Office’s tweet was sent out on the fast day of Tisha Be’av, when Jews annually mourn the destruction of the Temple which once stood on that very historic mountaintop until it was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE.

The Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism, where thousands of years ago Abraham, Jews and Christians believe, almost sacrificed his son Isaac. It is the third-holiest site in Islam and marks the place where Muhammad ascended to heaven on winged horse.

Tisha Be’av fell this year just one day before the start of the three-day Muslim holiday of Eid al-Adha, which celebrates Abraham’s faith in God as exhibited, Muslims believe, by his willingness to sacrifice Ishmael.

As a result of both holidays, a large number of Jewish and Muslim worshipers flocked to Jerusalem’s Old City, and religious fervor was high.

Tisha Be’av is a day when Jews are most likely to feel their inability to pray at the Temple Mount as was done thousands of years ago. Muslims, in contrast, were most likely to be angered by Jewish prayer so close to their holy moment.

Talk of changing the status quo at that moment could have been like striking a match in a dry field.

2. Jews are already praying discreetly on the Temple Mount

Foreign Minister Yair Lapid might have called for Jews to pray solely at the Western Wall, which abuts the Temple Mount. But on a grassroots level a small number of Jews already pray discreetly on the Temple Mount when they go up to visit, both privately and in a minyan, the minimum quorum of 10 for group prayer.

It was a practice that came to light during the latter part of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s 12-year tenure when the number of Jewish visitors also surged. On Tisha Be’av over 1,600 Jews ascended to the Temple Mount.

Although Netanyahu often spoke of the importance of maintaining the status quo, he largely turned a blind eye to the issue of grassroots Jewish prayer on the Temple Mount.

Many of the politicians who served in his government believe that Jews should have a right to pray there.

Those who support Jewish prayer there believe that Jews should never have been denied the ability to pray on their holiest site, and that the taboo around it has already been broken.

In his short time in office, Bennett has also not prevented such prayer, which on Sunday sparked clashes between Muslims and police on the morning of Tisha Be’av, even before Bennett had sent out his tweet.

Bennett’s coalition, however, is divided on the issue, with a number of its members holding that the status quo on the Temple Mount must be upheld.

3. Trump sanctioned an eventual change to the status quo

Former president Donald Trump sanctioned an eventual change to the Temple Mount status quo when, in January of 2020, he published his “Peace to Prosperity” plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

The plan called for freedom of worship for Jews, Christians and Muslims at the Temple Mount.

“People of every faith should be permitted to pray on the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif, in a manner that is fully respectful to their religion, taking into account the times of each religion’s prayers and holidays, as well as other religious factors,” the plan stated.

Although the plan was shelved, it was a reminder that the status quo was not etched in stone, and that changes to it could be sanctioned at the highest diplomatic levels.

4. Gaza war sparked in part by Temple Mount violence

Muslim fear of losing access to al-Aqsa Mosque compound has long been a flash point for Israeli-Palestinian violence.

Former prime minister Ariel Sharon’s famous visit there when he was the Likud opposition leader led to calls on Muslims to defend the holy site, and is often credited with sparking the Second Intifada.

The two-year “knife intifada” that began in 2015 was linked to fears over Jewish prayer on the Temple Mount.

Similarly, the 11-day Gaza war this May was sparked in part by Jerusalem unrest. This included violence around the Temple Mount, as Muslim worshipers feared they could not access al-Aqsa Mosque compound after one of the gates was temporarily closed and police blocked some of the buses filled with worshipers from accessing the site.

5. Jordan fears losing special ties to Temple Mount

The Hashemite Kingdom’s special role as custodian of al-Aqsa is all that remains of the family’s former custodial role over the three holiest Muslim mosques in Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem, which it lost over a century ago in the aftermath of World War I.

The British enshrined that connection when it controlled portions of the region between the wars. From 1948 to 1967, the Temple Mount was under Jordanian control. It has been part of sovereign Israel since the end of the Six Day War in 1967.

In the 1994 Israel-Jordan peace treaty Israel recognized Jordan’s special role “in Muslim Holy shrines in Jerusalem,” but Jordan has never felt that its status in relation to those holy shrines is secure. Reports that Trump had sought to give Saudi Arabia, which is now the custodian of the Mecca and Medina mosques, a foothold on the Temple Mount only fed that insecurity.

Jordan’s Muslim citizenry, which is largely Palestinian, also feels events in Jerusalem acutely, and problems relating to the Temple Mount always have the ability to destabilize the Hashemite rule, which has already taken a hit over the COVID-19 pandemic and the absence of adequate water.

Bennett had made almost immediate inroads with Jordan with a purchase agreement that would allow it to almost double its support from Israel.

Then he almost undid those efforts with his tweet, but was able fix the mishap. King Abdullah accepted Bennett’s assurance that he is committed to maintaining the status quo.

That was followed by similar words of support from Biden, who assured Abdullah when the two met in Washington on Monday that the United States recognizes Jordan’s “special role as custodian of Muslim holy places in Jerusalem.”