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2021.10.11 國際新聞導讀-亞塞拜然與亞美尼亞伊朗之糾紛、巴基斯坦核彈之父卡迪爾汗昨日85歲死於癌症、伊朗聲稱擁有很多濃縮鈾了、美國國務院發言要求以色列不要繼續單方面興建屯墾區

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内容由蘇育平 Yuping SU提供。所有播客内容(包括剧集、图形和播客描述)均由 蘇育平 Yuping SU 或其播客平台合作伙伴直接上传和提供。如果您认为有人在未经您许可的情况下使用您的受版权保护的作品,您可以按照此处概述的流程进行操作https://zh.player.fm/legal

2021.10.11 國際新聞導讀-亞塞拜然與亞美尼亞伊朗之糾紛、巴基斯坦核彈之父卡迪爾汗昨日85歲死於癌症、伊朗聲稱擁有很多濃縮鈾了、美國國務院發言要求以色列不要繼續單方面興建屯墾區

阿塞拜疆士兵在納戈爾諾 - 卡拉巴赫殺害平民 - 報告

據報導,一名阿塞拜疆士兵在去年戰爭中奪回的納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫地區殺害了一名平民。

通過TZVI JOFFRE

2021 年 10 月 10 日 21:27

事實上的阿爾扎赫共和國和俄羅斯維和部隊報告說,週六,一名阿塞拜疆士兵在納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫地區開槍打死了一名平民。

阿爾扎赫共和國警察部隊週六報導,納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫地區馬爾塔克特的 55 歲居民 Aram Tepnants 在農業區駕駛拖拉機時被阿塞拜疆武裝部隊的一名狙擊手射殺。

俄羅斯國防部表示:“10 月 9 日,在馬塔克特地區的農業工作期間,靠近接觸線,一名來自馬達吉茲村的平民被阿塞拜疆方面的砲擊致死。” “俄羅斯特遣隊的指揮部正在雙方代表的參與下調查這起事件。”

共和國外交部強烈譴責所謂的槍擊事件,稱其目的是“在阿爾扎赫共和國的和平民眾和亞美尼亞人從該國移民中製造恐懼氣氛”。

阿塞拜疆國防部否認發生了這一事件。

阿爾薩赫共和國是國際公認的事實上的共和國,是阿塞拜疆的一部分。去年,該共和國所在的地區在對亞美尼亞的納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭中被阿塞拜疆奪回。

事件發生之際,伊朗、阿塞拜疆和土耳其之間的地區緊張局勢加劇。

在阿塞拜疆開始以罰款和逮捕為目標針對伊朗卡車之後引發了緊張局勢,伊朗在其北部邊境進行了軍事演習,並警告以色列不要在包括阿塞拜疆在內的鄰國施加影響

由於阿塞拜疆和土耳其在里海進行了聯合軍事演習,最近緊張局勢也有所加劇,伊朗外交部警告說,此類演習違反了國際公約,禁止與該海接壤的五個國家以外的國家軍事存在。

過去一周,阿塞拜疆、土耳其和格魯吉亞也在格魯吉亞舉行了聯合演習。

Azerbaijani soldier kills civilian in Nagorno-Karabakh - report

An Azerbaijani soldier reportedly killed a civilian in the Nagorno-Karabakh area recaptured in a war last year.

By TZVI JOFFRE

OCTOBER 10, 2021 21:27

An Azeri soldier and police officer talk as they stand guard at the Kalbajar district, Azerbaijan, December 21, 2020

(photo credit: AZIZ KARIMOV/REUTERS)

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The de facto Republic of Artsakh and Russian peacekeeping forces reported that an Azerbaijani soldier shot and killed a civilian in the Nagorno-Karabakh region on Saturday.

The police force of the Republic of Artsakh reported on Saturday that Aram Tepnants, a 55-year-old resident of Martakert in the Nagorno-Karabakh region, was shot by a sniper from the Azerbaijan Armed Forces while driving a tractor in an agricultural area.

"On October 9, during agricultural work in the Martakert region, near the line of contact, a civilian from the village of Madagiz was mortally wounded as a result of shelling from the Azerbaijani side," said the Russian Defense Ministry. "The command of the Russian contingent is investigating the incident with the involvement of representatives of both sides."

The Foreign Ministry of the republic strongly condemned the alleged shooting, saying it was aimed at "creating an atmosphere of fear among the peaceful population of the Republic of Artsakh and emigration of Armenians from the country."

Azerbaijan's Defense Ministry denied that the incident had taken place.

The Republic of Artsakh is a de facto republic internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. Last year, the area in which the republic sits was recaptured by Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh war against Armenia.

The incident comes amid heightened tensions in the region between Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkey.

The tensions were sparked after Azerbaijan began targeting Iranian trucks with fines and arrests, and Iran conducted military exercises along its northern border and warned against Israeli influence in neighboring countries, including Azerbaijan.

Tensions also rose recently due to joint military exercises carried out by Azerbaijan and Turkey in the Caspian Sea, with the Iranian Foreign Ministry warning that such drills violated international conventions banning the military presence of countries other than the five states that border the sea.

Azerbaijan, Turkey and Georgia also held a joint drill in Georgia in the past week.

伊朗核計劃之父——阿克汗——分析

週日去世並創立了巴基斯坦核武器計劃的阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾汗可以被視為伊朗、朝鮮和利比亞核武器計劃的父親或繼父。

作者:尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃

2021 年 10 月 10 日 20:49

2021 年 3 月 1 日,在奧地利維也納爆發冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 期間,在理事會會議開始之前,伊朗國旗在國際原子能機構 (IAEA) 總部前飄揚。

(照片來源:路透社/LISI NIESNER/文件照片)

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傳統上,Mohsen Fakhrizadeh 被稱為伊朗核武器計劃之父。畢竟,在 2020 年 11 月被暗殺之前,他擔任了數十年的負責人。

然而,在非常真實的意義上,週日去世並創立巴基斯坦核武器計劃的阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾汗也可以被視為伊朗、朝鮮和利比亞核武器計劃的父親或繼父。

如果沒有他向這些國家出售濃縮鈾的設計和實際離心機——以及至少從 1987 年到 1996 年,甚至可能更長的時間提供寶貴的指導——他們可能永遠不會跳到現在的位置,或者他們的進展本可以採取更久,更長。

在 AQ Khan 向伊斯蘭共和國出售設計和實際離心機之前,其所有國內製造嘗試都以慘敗告終。

伊朗國防部長阿米爾·哈塔米於 2020 年 11 月 30 日在伊朗德黑蘭舉行的伊朗核科學家 Mohsen Fakhrizadeh 葬禮上發表講話。(來源:伊朗國防部/WANA/HANDOUT/VIA REUTERS)

德黑蘭在 2015 年 JCPOA 核協議中運行的大約 20,000 台 IR-1 和 IR-2 離心機完全或大部分基於巴基斯坦的 P-1 和 P-2 機器。

2003 年,利比亞也發現了類似的機器,當時該國為了避免入侵而將其整個核武器計劃放棄給美國。

當汗的擴散圈被曝光時,伊朗甚至最終坦白並承認多年來向他支付了數百萬美元,以幫助他建立核計劃。

這在某種程度上與 2002-2003 年期間暴露的納坦茲核設施同時發生。

當國際原子能機構第一次訪問納坦茲時,它看到的離心機機隊很可能是 AQ Khan 的。

他重要性的另一個標誌是,直到最近幾年,德黑蘭才真正成功地生產出超出汗設計的離心機,這種離心機可以在任何可靠的時間內工作。

直到 2019 年,科學與國際安全研究所所長大衛奧爾布賴特告訴耶路撒冷郵報,伊斯蘭共和國喜歡拍照的先進 IR-4、IR-6 或 IR-8 離心機幾乎沒有一個真正適用於任何人。有意義的時間長度。

在華盛頓推翻伊拉克政權後,伊朗在該領域未能取得進展超過 15 年,部分原因在於它對美國的恐懼。

但其中一些可能是因為一旦汗的擴散活動被曝光,他們就失去了汗的常規指導,美國要求巴基斯坦與他斷絕關係並限制他的活動。

與朝鮮一樣,早在 2002 年,美國官員就表示,巴基斯坦交易了有關氣體離心鈾濃縮過程和可能的相關技術的敏感信息,以換取彈道導彈。

更具體地說,美國情報部門發現了從伊斯蘭堡向平壤出售用於製造氣體離心機的高強度鋁管。

朝鮮也得到了其他人的幫助,包括它自己與伊朗的交流,但如果沒有他的貢獻,朝鮮是否會擁有如今強大的核武器庫尚不清楚。

汗願意與伊朗、朝鮮和利比亞等流氓國家分享核技術是他“特別”的部分原因,並最終導致他被排斥,至少在巴基斯坦之外。

在可汗之前,絕大多數核科學家認為核武器過於危險,除了世界上最大和最穩定的大國之外,不能與任何國家分享。

在這些問題上發生的少數叛逃中,通常是在蘇聯和西方頂級強國之間,而不是向較低級別的“發展中國家”。

在巴基斯坦,根據一時的政治風向,他要么被視為為國家帶來核武器和永久安全免遭入侵的英雄,要么被視為最好被軟禁並遠離視線的信天翁。

不管巴基斯坦領導人公開說什麼,回想起來似乎很清楚,即使不是大多數,也有許多人支持他的擴散行為或對他的擴散行為視而不見。

在他們看來,傳播核信息為巴基斯坦賺錢,提升了該國的聲譽,並削弱了世界主要大國將其在安全和權力問題上的觀點強加於巴基斯坦等仍在站穩腳跟的國家的能力。

從以色列的角度來看,AQ 汗已經通過幫助伊斯蘭共和國在其核野心和實力上向前推進,已經造成了不可挽回的損害,從而進入了歷史。

他可能已經走了,但以色列的安全和世界穩定可能會為他未來幾十年的行為付出代價。

The other father of Iran’s nuke program - A.Q. Khan - analysis

Abdul Qadeer Khan, who died on Sunday and founded Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program, can be considered the father, or step-father of Iran, North Korea and Libya’s nuclear weapons programs.

By YONAH JEREMY BOB

OCTOBER 10, 2021 20:49

The Iranian flag waves in front of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) headquarters, before the beginning of a board of governors meeting, amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Vienna, Austria, March 1, 2021.

(photo credit: REUTERS/LISI NIESNER/FILE PHOTO)

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Traditionally, Mohsen Fakhrizadeh is referred to as the father of Iran’s nuclear weapons program. After all, he was its chief for decades until his assassination in November 2020.

However, in a very real sense, Abdul Qadeer Khan, who died on Sunday and founded Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program, can also be considered the father – or step-father – of Iran's, North Korea's and Libya’s nuclear weapons programs.

Without him selling these countries both designs and actual centrifuges for enriching uranium – as well as supplying invaluable guidance from at least 1987-1996, and quite possibly longer – they may never have jumped forward to where they are now, or their progress could have taken much longer.

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Until AQ Khan sold the Islamic Republic both designs and actual centrifuges, all of its domestic attempts to manufacture them were dismal failures.

Iranian Defense Minister Amir Hatami, speaks during a funeral ceremony of Iranian nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, in Tehran, Iran November 30, 2020. (credit: IRANIAN DEFENSE MINISTRY/WANA/HANDOUT/VIA REUTERS)

The approximately 20,000 IR-1 and IR-2 centrifuges which Tehran had operating leading into the 2015 JCPOA nuclear deal were entirely or mostly based on Pakistan’s P-1 and P-2 machines.

Similar machines were also found in Libya when that country gave up its entire nuclear weapons program to the US in 2003 in the hope of staving off an invasion.

When Khan’s proliferation ring was exposed, Iran even eventually came clean and admitted to years of paying him millions for his help in building up their nuclear program.

This happened somewhat in parallel to the Natanz nuclear facility being exposed during the 2002-2003 period.

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When the International Atomic Energy Agency first secured a visit to Natanz, the centrifuge fleet it saw were likely AQ Khan’s.

Another sign of his importance is that only in the last few years did Tehran actually succeed in producing its own centrifuges beyond Khan's designs, which would work for any reliable amount of time.

As late as 2019, Institute for Science and International Security president David Albright told The Jerusalem Post that almost none of the advanced IR-4, IR-6 or IR-8 centrifuges that the Islamic Republic liked to take photos of were actually working for any meaningful length of time.

Some of Iran’s failure to advance in that arena for over 15 years stemmed from its fear of the US after Washington toppled the regime in Iraq.

But some of it might be traceable to their loss of Khan’s regular guidance once his proliferation activities were exposed and the US demanded that Pakistan disown him and curtail his activities.

LIKEWISE WITH North Korea, already in 2002, US officials said that Pakistan had traded sensitive information about the gas centrifuge uranium enrichment process and possibly related technologies in exchange for ballistic missiles.

More specifically, American intelligence uncovered sales from Islamabad to Pyongyang of high-strength aluminum tubes to build gas centrifuges.

North Korea has also had help from others, including its own exchanges with Iran, but it is unclear whether the North would have the formidable nuclear weapons arsenal it has today without his contribution.

Khan’s willingness to share nuclear technology with rogue countries like Iran, North Korea and Libya is part of what made him “special” and eventually causing him to be ostracized, at least outside of Pakistan.

Until Khan, the vast majority of nuclear scientists viewed nuclear weapons as too dangerous to share with any but the world’s largest and most stable powers.

In the few defections that happened on these issues, they were usually between the USSR and top Western powers, but not to lower-grade “developing” countries.

Within Pakistan, depending on the momentary political winds, he has been viewed either as a hero who brought the country nuclear weapons and permanent safety from invasion or as an albatross who was best kept under house arrest and out of sight.

Regardless of what various Pakistani leaders said publicly, it seems clear in retrospect that many, if not most of them, were on board with or turned a blind eye to his proliferation exploits.

In their eyes, spreading nuclear information made money for Pakistan, enhanced the country’s reputation and undermined the ability of the world’s leading powers to enforce their views on security and power issues on countries like Pakistan, which were still finding their feet.

From Israel’s perspective, AQ Khan passes into history already having done irrevocable damage by helping the Islamic Republic jump forward in its nuclear ambitions and prowess.

He may be gone, but Israeli security and world stability may pay for his actions for decades to come.

巴基斯坦“核計劃之父”死於癌症

汗是 2004 年全球核擴散醜聞的中心,該醜聞涉及向朝鮮、伊朗和利比亞出售核機密。

通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF,路透

2021 年 10 月 10 日 10:12

2009 年 8 月 28 日,巴基斯坦核科學家阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾·汗在他位於伊斯蘭堡的家中與記者交談。

(圖片來源:MIAN KHURSHEED/REUTERS)

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據巴基斯坦媒體報導,以領導該國核計劃而聞名的巴基斯坦核物理學家和工程師阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾·汗於週日去世。

汗承認自己是核擴散團伙的一員,他死於癌症,享年 85 歲。

巴基斯坦國營的美聯社說,汗於 8 月 26 日在檢測出COVID-19呈陽性後被送往汗研究實驗室醫院,後來被轉移到拉瓦爾品第的一家軍事醫院。

巴基斯坦總理伊姆蘭汗在推特上說:“他受到我們國家的喜愛,因為他在使我們成為核武器國家方面做出了重要貢獻。” “對巴基斯坦人民來說,他是一個國家偶像。”

他是 2004 年全球核擴散醜聞的中心人物,該醜聞涉及向朝鮮、伊朗和利比亞出售核機密。在國家電視台認罪後,汗被當時的總統佩爾韋茲·穆沙拉夫赦免,但他在伊斯蘭堡富麗堂皇的家中被軟禁多年。

汗在供詞中說,他是在國家官員不知情的情況下單獨行動的。然而,他後來說他已成為替罪羊。

2006 年 9 月 9 日,巴基斯坦核科學家阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾汗的支持者在卡拉奇親吻他的照片。(圖片來源:ZAHID HUSSEIN/REUTERS)

巴基斯坦總統阿里夫·阿爾維在推特上說:“他幫助我們發展了拯救國家的核威懾,一個感恩的國家永遠不會忘記他在這方面的貢獻。”

與 AQ Khan 沒有親屬關係的總理汗表示,按照他的意願,這位科學家將被安葬在伊斯蘭堡的費薩爾清真寺。

Pakistan's 'father of nuclear program' dies of cancer

Khan was at the center of a global nuclear proliferation scandal in 2004 that involved sales of nuclear secrets to North Korea, Iran and Libya.

By JERUSALEM POST STAFF, REUTERS

OCTOBER 10, 2021 10:12

Pakistan nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan speaks to journalists from his house in Islamabad August 28, 2009.

(photo credit: MIAN KHURSHEED/REUTERS)

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Abdul Qadeer Khan, a Pakistani nuclear physicist and engineer who is known to have spearheaded the country's nuclear program has died on Sunday, Pakistani media reported.

Khan, who acknowledged being part of a nuclear proliferation ring, died of cancer, aged 85.

Khan was admitted to Khan Research Laboratories Hospital on Aug. 26 after testing positive for COVID-19 and was later moved to a military hospital in Rawalpindi, said the state-run Associated Press of Pakistan.

"He was loved by our nation bec(ause) of his critical contribution in making us a nuclear weapon state," Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan on Twitter. "For the people of Pakistan, he was a national icon."

He was at the center of a global nuclear proliferation scandal in 2004 that involved sales of nuclear secrets to North Korea, Iran and Libya. After a confession on national television, Khan was pardoned by then-president Pervez Musharraf but he remained under house arrest for years in his palatial Islamabad home.

In his confession, Khan said he acted alone without the knowledge of the state officials. However, he later said he had been scapegoated.

A supporter of disgraced Pakistani nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan kisses his picture in Karachi September 9, 2006. (credit: ZAHID HUSSEIN/REUTERS)

"He helped us develop nation-saving nuclear deterrence, and a grateful nation will never forget his services in this regard," Pakistani President Arif Alvi said in a tweet.

Prime Minister Khan, who is not related to AQ Khan, said the scientist would be buried at Islamabad's Faisal mosque, according to his wishes.

IAI為愛沙尼亞國防軍裝備“藍矛”陸對海導彈系統

愛沙尼亞宣布,以色列航空航天工業公司和 ST Engineering 的合資企業 Proteus Advanced Systems 贏得了向該國提供防禦系統的招標。

通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF

2021 年 10 月 10 日 07:45

藍矛 (5G SSM)

(圖片來源:以色列航空航天工業)

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以色列航空航天工業公司(IAI)上周宣布,它已與愛沙尼亞達成協議,用藍矛(5G SSM)陸對海導彈系統武裝該國的國防軍。

愛沙尼亞國防投資中心(ECDI)宣布,以色列航空航天工業公司和 ST Engineering Land Systems 的合資企業 Proteus Advanced Systems 中標,為愛沙尼亞國防軍提供先進的反艦導​​彈系統。

Blue Spear 系統允許從陸基平台以高亞音速飛行。該項目是愛沙尼亞國防歷史上最複雜的項目,可以在所有天氣條件下、白天和黑夜的所有時間運行,並提供打擊海上目標的能力。

Heron 無人機上的 WASP 系統(來源:IAI)

愛沙尼亞國防部長 Kalle Laanet 說:“這種武器系統大大改善了我們的海岸防禦,並發出了我們正在為地區和集體防禦努力做出貢獻的明確信息。這是有史以​​來最複雜和高科技的武器系統之一,也是愛沙尼亞國防軍的一次巨大飛躍。我很高興愛沙尼亞擁有能夠參與此類高科技項目的國防工業。”

IAI 是航空航天創新領域的世界領先者,為商業和國防目的提供最先進的空中、海軍、陸地和太空技術。ST Engineering 是一家全球性工程集團,在歐洲、中東、美國和亞洲的航空航天和海軍防禦領域利用技術和創新。

IAI to equip Estonian Defense Forces with 'Blue Spear' land-to-sea missile system

Estonia announced that Proteus Advanced Systems, a joint venture of Israel Aerospace Industries and ST Engineering, won the tender to provide defense systems to the nation.

By JERUSALEM POST STAFF

OCTOBER 10, 2021 07:45

Blue Spear (5G SSM)

(photo credit: ISRAEL AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES)

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Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) announced last week that it has reached an agreement with Estonia to arm the nation's defense forces with the Blue Spear (5G SSM) land-to-sea missile system.

The Estonian Center for Defense Investment (ECDI) announced that Proteus Advanced Systems, a joint venture of Israel Aerospace Industries and ST Engineering Land Systems, won the tender to provide the Estonian Defense Forces with advanced anti-ship missile systems.

The Blue Spear system allows for launching from land-based platforms with flight at high subsonic speed. This project is the most complex in Estonia's defense history, and can operate through all weather conditions, all hours of day and night, and provides the ability to strike targets out of sight at sea.

WASP system on Heron UAV (credit: IAI)

Estonia's Defense Minister, Kalle Laanet, said “This weapon system substantially improves our coastal defense and sends a clear message that we are contributing to the regional and collective defense effort. This is one of the most complex and high-tech weapon systems of all time and a huge leap forward for the Estonian Defense Forces. I am very glad that Estonia has a defense industry capable of participating in such high-tech projects.”

IAI is a world leader in aerospace innovation, delivering state-of-the-art technology in air, navy, land and space, for commercial and defense purposes. ST Engineering is a global engineering group that utilizes technology and innovation in the fields of aerospace and naval defense, in Europe, the Middle East, US and Asia.

伊朗聲稱擁有製造核彈所需的80%的鈾

伊朗聲稱120公斤。加入 20% 的濃縮鈾。如果屬實,這些數字可被視為伊朗鈾濃縮工作的一大進步。

作者:尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃

2021 年 10 月 10 日 20:35

伊朗原子能組織負責人穆罕默德·埃斯拉米和國際原子能機構(原子能機構)總幹事拉斐爾·格羅西於 2021 年 9 月 12 日在伊朗德黑蘭出席新聞發布會。

(圖片來源:WANA(西亞新聞社)VIA REUTERS)

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伊朗已經濃縮了 120 多公斤。據國家通訊社 IRNA 報導,其原子能組織負責人穆罕默德·埃斯拉米 (Mohammad Eslami) 週六晚間表示,該公司使用了 20% 的濃縮鈾。

“我們已經超過了 120 公斤,”IRNA 引述他的話說。“我們擁有的不僅僅是這個數字。”

“我們的人民很清楚,他們(西方國家)本打算給我們提供 20% 的濃縮燃料,用於德黑蘭反應堆,但他們沒有這樣做,”埃斯拉米說。“如果我們的同事不這樣做,我們自然會遇到德黑蘭反應堆缺乏燃料的問題。”

如果屬實,這些數字可以被認為是鈾濃縮的重大飛躍,如果德黑蘭做出選擇嘗試打破核門檻,最終可能會朝著核武器發展。

上個月,國際原子能機構稱伊朗有 84.3 公斤。鈾濃縮到 20%。

在 2021 年 3 月 15 日獲得的這張照片中,可以在伊朗革命衛隊海軍部隊的新“導彈基地”的地下看到伊朗導彈,該地點位於伊朗的一個未公開地點。(圖片來源:IRGC/WANA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

根據美國國家安全猶太研究所的數據,155 公斤。20% 的濃縮鈾就足以最終放大成用於製造核彈的武器化鈾。

這意味著120公斤。將幾乎完成了 80%。

根據 JINSA 最近的一份報告,“伊朗正在積極減少其 20% 濃縮鈾庫存的增長,這代表了實現裂變材料努力的十分之九。自 1 月開始,伊朗累計濃縮約 152 公斤。鈾以 19 公斤/月的速度增加到 20%。”

此外,JINSA 表示,這些統計數據顯示,“伊朗聲稱在 6 月份生產了 108 公斤。前三周平均每月 40 公斤的速度被誇大了。”

JINSA 將所有部分放在一起說:“為了限制其庫存,伊朗一直在將其中一些轉化為金屬鈾,雖然令人擔憂,因為這個過程是核武器的步驟之一,但這意味著這種材料不能再被用於富集裂變材料。”

在周六晚上伊朗宣布之前,JINSA 曾表示,假設伊朗繼續以目前的速度生產和轉移 20% 的鈾,到 2022 年 6 月或 7 月,它將獲得足夠的鈾來製造核武器。

上個月,科學與國際安全研究所估計,伊朗可以在大約一個月內生產足夠用於單個核彈頭的濃縮鈾。

關於伊斯蘭共和國生產核武器的速度的複雜計算涉及它已濃縮到三個不同水平的鈾的混合搭配:5%、20% 和 60%,其中 90% 是武器化水平。

最近幾週,德黑蘭就是否會重返與美國和世界大國的核談判並重新加入聯合綜合行動計劃的核協議限制以換取華盛頓解除制裁,或者是否出於其他目的而拖延,發出了不同的信息。 .

與此同時,自9月中旬以來,國際原子能機構嚴厲批評伊朗阻止其進入並禁用其部分核監測設備。

伊朗將這一僵局歸咎於6 月份卡拉季核設施發生爆炸,阿亞圖拉將其歸咎於摩薩德。

Iran claims to have 80% of uranium needed to build nuclear bomb

Iran claims 120 kg. jump in 20% enriched uranium. If true, the numbers could be considered a major jump forward in Iran's uranium enrichment efforts.

By YONAH JEREMY BOB

OCTOBER 10, 2021 20:35

Head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization Mohammad Eslami and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Grossi attend a news conference, in Tehran, Iran, September 12, 2021.

(photo credit: WANA (WEST ASIA NEWS AGENCY) VIA REUTERS)

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Iran has enriched more than 120 kg. of 20% enriched uranium, the head of its atomic energy organization, Mohammad Eslami, said Saturday evening, state news agency IRNA reported.

“We have passed 120 kilograms,” IRNA quoted him as saying. “We have more than that figure.”

“Our people know well that they [Western powers] were meant to give us the enriched fuel at 20% to use in the Tehran reactor, but they haven’t done so,” Eslami said. “If our colleagues do not do it, we would naturally have problems with the lack of fuel for the Tehran reactor.”

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If true, the numbers could be considered a major jump forward in uranium enrichment, potentially eventually toward a nuclear weapon if Tehran made the choice to try and break the nuclear threshold.

Last month, the International Atomic Energy Agency said Iran had 84.3 kg. of uranium enriched to 20%.

Iranian missiles are seen at an underground of the new ''missile cite'' of Iran's Revolutionary Guards naval unit at an undisclosed location in Iran, in this picture obtained on March 15, 2021. (credit: IRGC/WANA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

According to the Jewish Institute for National Security of America, 155 kg. of 20% enriched uranium would be enough to eventually be scaled up to weaponized uranium for a nuclear bomb.

That would mean 120 kg. would be almost 80% of the way there.

According to a recent JINSA report, “Iran is actively reducing the growth of its stockpile of 20% enriched uranium, which represents nine-tenths of the effort to achieve fissile material. Since starting in January, Iran cumulatively has enriched an estimated 152 kg. uranium to 20% at a rate of 19 kg./month.”

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In addition, JINSA said these statistics show “Iran’s claim, in June, to have produced 108 kg. at an average rate of 40 kg./month over the preceding three weeks was provocatively overstated.”

Putting all the pieces together, JINSA said: “To limit its stockpile, Iran has been converting some of it to uranium metal, which, while worrisome because this process is one of the steps to a nuclear weapon, means this material can no longer be used to enrich fissile material.”

Before Saturday night’s Iranian announcement, JINSA had said assuming Iran continues producing and diverting 20% uranium at its current rate, it would achieve sufficient uranium for a nuclear weapon by June or July 2022.

Last month, the Institute for Science and International Security estimated that Iran could produce enough enriched uranium for a single nuclear warhead within approximately one month.

The complex calculations on how fast the Islamic Republic can produce a nuclear weapon involve a mix and match of uranium it has enriched to three different levels: 5%, 20% and 60%, with 90% being the weaponization level.

In recent weeks, Tehran has given mixed messages about whether it would return to nuclear talks with the US and world powers and rejoin the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action’s nuclear-deal limits in exchange for Washington lifting sanctions or whether it is stalling for some other purpose.

In the meantime, since mid-September, the IAEA has heavily criticized Iran for blocking its access and disabling some of its nuclear monitoring equipment.

Iran has blamed the standoff over monitoring on an explosion at its Karaj nuclear facility in June, which the ayatollahs attributed to the Mossad.

美國:“我們反對以色列單邊定居點活動的立場是明確的”

貝內特已承諾不凍結定居點建設,包括推進此類建築的計劃。

作者:托瓦·拉扎羅夫

2021 年 10 月 9 日 20:33

美國國務院發言人內德·普萊斯於 2021 年 8 月 16 日在美國華盛頓的國務院舉行關於阿富汗的新聞發布會。

(圖片來源:REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque/POOL)

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拜登政府已明確反對單方面建立定居點的活動,美國國務院發言人斯內德的價格在華盛頓告訴記者,在回答有關對總理納夫塔利貝內特美國的壓力,以制止這種行為的查詢。

“看,我們並不總是——事實上,我們從來沒有宣讀過我們的私人外交對話,我們之間的來回,無論是與我們的以色列合作夥伴還是世界各地的任何合作夥伴,”普萊斯說。

“但可以說我們已經非常明確地表明了我們的立場,當涉及到定居點活動等單邊行動時,我們也已經非常明確地表明了這一點,”他說。

“事實上,我只是重申了美國在定居點活動方面的立場。對此應該毫無疑問,”普萊斯週四表示。

在《耶路撒冷郵報》姊妹刊物瓦拉 (Walla) 發表報告後,他發表講話稱,拜登政府正在悄悄呼籲以色列限制定居點活動。

然而,普萊斯對拜登政府的反對態度相當直言不諱,包括在周四的華盛頓簡報會上。

他說:“我們認為,各方應避免採取加劇緊張局勢的單邊措施,並再次削弱通過談判達成兩國解決方案的努力,這一點至關重要。” “這包括,正如我之前在不同背景下所說的,吞併領土、定居活動、拆除和驅逐”以及“煽動暴力”。

普萊斯還談到美國反對巴勒斯坦權力機構每月向被監禁的恐怖分子和被殺者家屬提供津貼。此外,他譴責定居者和猶太極端分子對巴勒斯坦人的暴力行為。

美國總統喬·拜登和總理納夫塔利·貝內特 8 月在白宮會面時握手。(信用:喬納森·恩斯特/路透社)

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國務院發言人發表講話時,負責以色列和巴勒斯坦事務的副助理國務卿哈迪·阿姆爾結束了對該地區為期三天的訪問,在訪問期間他與以色列人和巴勒斯坦人舉行了會談。美國駐耶路撒冷大使館發布了他的訪問摘要,包括會談中提出的一系列議題,如人道主義問題、兩國解決方案和巴勒斯坦權力機構對恐怖分子的津貼。沒有提到定居點活動。

總理納夫塔利·貝內特已承諾不凍結定居點建設,包括推進此類建設計劃。然而,實際上,猶地亞和撒馬利亞高級規劃委員會上次召開會議是在 1 月,就在美國總統喬·拜登宣誓就職之前。從那時起,它就沒有開會以顯著推進建築計劃。由於罷工,推動 2,223 座定居者住房計劃的會議被取消,並且沒有重新安排。

Yesha 委員會負責人 David Elhayani 和 Samaria 地區委員會負責人 Yossi Dagan 都向 Bennett 發出警告,稱凍結定居點將導致政府垮台。

“球在貝內特的球場,而不是在拜登的球場——如果施工被凍結,政府將不復存在,”屬於反對黨利庫德集團的達甘說。

然而,Elhayani 是新希望黨的成員,該黨是聯盟的一部分。然而,他的信息與達甘的相似。

“拜登總統知道,破壞猶太、撒馬利亞和約旦河谷定居點的建設意味著現任政府垮台。我們不會容忍美國這種粗暴的干預,”Elhayani 說。

我們預計納夫塔利·貝內特總理會直接拒絕這一要求,”他說。

US: 'Our position against unilateral Israeli settlement activity is clear'

Bennett has pledged not to freeze settlement construction, including the advancement of plans for such buildings.

By TOVAH LAZAROFF

OCTOBER 9, 2021 20:33

US State Department spokesman Ned Price holds a press briefing on Afghanistan at the State Department in Washington, U.S., August 16, 2021.

(photo credit: REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque/POOL)

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The Biden administration has clearly opposed unilateral settlement activity, State Department spokesman Ned Price told reporters in Washington, in response to a query about US pressure on Prime Minister Naftali Bennett to halt such action.

“Look, we don’t always – in fact we never read out our private diplomatic conversations, the back and forth we have, whether that’s with our Israeli partners or any partner around the world,” Price said.

“But suffice it to say we have made our position very clear, and when it comes to unilateral action like settlement activity, we have also made that very clear,” he said.

“And in fact, I just reiterated where the United States stands on settlement activity. There should be no question about that,” Price said on Thursday.

He spoke in the aftermath of a report by The Jerusalem Post’s sister publication Walla, that the Biden administration was quietly calling on Israel to restrain settlement activity.

Price, however, has been fairly blunt about the Biden administration’s opposition to it, including at the Washington briefing on Thursday.

“We believe it is critical for all parties to refrain from those unilateral steps that exacerbate tensions and, again, undercut efforts to achieve a negotiated two-state solution,” he said. “That includes, as I was saying before in a different context, annexation of territory, settlement activity, demolitions and evictions” and “incitement to violence.”

Price also spoke of US opposition to Palestinian Authority monthly stipends to jailed terrorists and family members of slain ones. In addition, he condemned violence by settlers and Jewish extremists against Palestinians.

US PRESIDENT Joe Biden and Prime Minister Naftali Bennett shake hands during a meeting at the White House in August. (credit: JONATHAN ERNST / REUTERS)

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The State Department spokesman spoke as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Israel and Palestinian Affairs Hady Amr wrapped up his three-day visit to the area, where During his visit he held talks with Israelis and Palestinians. The US embassy in Jerusalem released a summary of his visit, including a list of topics that were raised during the talks, such as humanitarian issues, the two-state solution and PA stipends for terrorists. There was no mention about settlement activity.

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett has pledged not to freeze settlement construction, including the advancement of plans for such building. In practice, however, the Higher Planning Council for Judea and Samaria last convened in January, just before US President Joe Biden was sworn into office. Since then it has not met to significantly advance building plans. A meeting to push forward plans for 2,223 settler homes was canceled due to a strike and has not been rescheduled.

Yesha Council head David Elhayani and Samaria Regional Council head Yossi Dagan both issued warnings to Bennett that a settlement freeze would bring down the government.

“The ball is in Bennett’s court, not in Biden’s – if construction is frozen, the government will not exist,” said Dagan, who belongs to the Likud Party, which is in the opposition.

Elhayani, however, is a member of the New Hope Party which is part of the coalition. His message, however, was similar to Dagan’s.

“President Biden knows that harming construction in settlements in Judea, Samaria and the Jordan Valley means the fall of the current government. We will not tolerate this gross American intervention,” Elhayani said.

We expect Prime Minister Naftali Bennett to reject this demand outright,” he said.

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2021.10.11 國際新聞導讀-亞塞拜然與亞美尼亞伊朗之糾紛、巴基斯坦核彈之父卡迪爾汗昨日85歲死於癌症、伊朗聲稱擁有很多濃縮鈾了、美國國務院發言要求以色列不要繼續單方面興建屯墾區

阿塞拜疆士兵在納戈爾諾 - 卡拉巴赫殺害平民 - 報告

據報導,一名阿塞拜疆士兵在去年戰爭中奪回的納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫地區殺害了一名平民。

通過TZVI JOFFRE

2021 年 10 月 10 日 21:27

事實上的阿爾扎赫共和國和俄羅斯維和部隊報告說,週六,一名阿塞拜疆士兵在納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫地區開槍打死了一名平民。

阿爾扎赫共和國警察部隊週六報導,納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫地區馬爾塔克特的 55 歲居民 Aram Tepnants 在農業區駕駛拖拉機時被阿塞拜疆武裝部隊的一名狙擊手射殺。

俄羅斯國防部表示:“10 月 9 日,在馬塔克特地區的農業工作期間,靠近接觸線,一名來自馬達吉茲村的平民被阿塞拜疆方面的砲擊致死。” “俄羅斯特遣隊的指揮部正在雙方代表的參與下調查這起事件。”

共和國外交部強烈譴責所謂的槍擊事件,稱其目的是“在阿爾扎赫共和國的和平民眾和亞美尼亞人從該國移民中製造恐懼氣氛”。

阿塞拜疆國防部否認發生了這一事件。

阿爾薩赫共和國是國際公認的事實上的共和國,是阿塞拜疆的一部分。去年,該共和國所在的地區在對亞美尼亞的納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭中被阿塞拜疆奪回。

事件發生之際,伊朗、阿塞拜疆和土耳其之間的地區緊張局勢加劇。

在阿塞拜疆開始以罰款和逮捕為目標針對伊朗卡車之後引發了緊張局勢,伊朗在其北部邊境進行了軍事演習,並警告以色列不要在包括阿塞拜疆在內的鄰國施加影響

由於阿塞拜疆和土耳其在里海進行了聯合軍事演習,最近緊張局勢也有所加劇,伊朗外交部警告說,此類演習違反了國際公約,禁止與該海接壤的五個國家以外的國家軍事存在。

過去一周,阿塞拜疆、土耳其和格魯吉亞也在格魯吉亞舉行了聯合演習。

Azerbaijani soldier kills civilian in Nagorno-Karabakh - report

An Azerbaijani soldier reportedly killed a civilian in the Nagorno-Karabakh area recaptured in a war last year.

By TZVI JOFFRE

OCTOBER 10, 2021 21:27

An Azeri soldier and police officer talk as they stand guard at the Kalbajar district, Azerbaijan, December 21, 2020

(photo credit: AZIZ KARIMOV/REUTERS)

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The de facto Republic of Artsakh and Russian peacekeeping forces reported that an Azerbaijani soldier shot and killed a civilian in the Nagorno-Karabakh region on Saturday.

The police force of the Republic of Artsakh reported on Saturday that Aram Tepnants, a 55-year-old resident of Martakert in the Nagorno-Karabakh region, was shot by a sniper from the Azerbaijan Armed Forces while driving a tractor in an agricultural area.

"On October 9, during agricultural work in the Martakert region, near the line of contact, a civilian from the village of Madagiz was mortally wounded as a result of shelling from the Azerbaijani side," said the Russian Defense Ministry. "The command of the Russian contingent is investigating the incident with the involvement of representatives of both sides."

The Foreign Ministry of the republic strongly condemned the alleged shooting, saying it was aimed at "creating an atmosphere of fear among the peaceful population of the Republic of Artsakh and emigration of Armenians from the country."

Azerbaijan's Defense Ministry denied that the incident had taken place.

The Republic of Artsakh is a de facto republic internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. Last year, the area in which the republic sits was recaptured by Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh war against Armenia.

The incident comes amid heightened tensions in the region between Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkey.

The tensions were sparked after Azerbaijan began targeting Iranian trucks with fines and arrests, and Iran conducted military exercises along its northern border and warned against Israeli influence in neighboring countries, including Azerbaijan.

Tensions also rose recently due to joint military exercises carried out by Azerbaijan and Turkey in the Caspian Sea, with the Iranian Foreign Ministry warning that such drills violated international conventions banning the military presence of countries other than the five states that border the sea.

Azerbaijan, Turkey and Georgia also held a joint drill in Georgia in the past week.

伊朗核計劃之父——阿克汗——分析

週日去世並創立了巴基斯坦核武器計劃的阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾汗可以被視為伊朗、朝鮮和利比亞核武器計劃的父親或繼父。

作者:尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃

2021 年 10 月 10 日 20:49

2021 年 3 月 1 日,在奧地利維也納爆發冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 期間,在理事會會議開始之前,伊朗國旗在國際原子能機構 (IAEA) 總部前飄揚。

(照片來源:路透社/LISI NIESNER/文件照片)

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傳統上,Mohsen Fakhrizadeh 被稱為伊朗核武器計劃之父。畢竟,在 2020 年 11 月被暗殺之前,他擔任了數十年的負責人。

然而,在非常真實的意義上,週日去世並創立巴基斯坦核武器計劃的阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾汗也可以被視為伊朗、朝鮮和利比亞核武器計劃的父親或繼父。

如果沒有他向這些國家出售濃縮鈾的設計和實際離心機——以及至少從 1987 年到 1996 年,甚至可能更長的時間提供寶貴的指導——他們可能永遠不會跳到現在的位置,或者他們的進展本可以採取更久,更長。

在 AQ Khan 向伊斯蘭共和國出售設計和實際離心機之前,其所有國內製造嘗試都以慘敗告終。

伊朗國防部長阿米爾·哈塔米於 2020 年 11 月 30 日在伊朗德黑蘭舉行的伊朗核科學家 Mohsen Fakhrizadeh 葬禮上發表講話。(來源:伊朗國防部/WANA/HANDOUT/VIA REUTERS)

德黑蘭在 2015 年 JCPOA 核協議中運行的大約 20,000 台 IR-1 和 IR-2 離心機完全或大部分基於巴基斯坦的 P-1 和 P-2 機器。

2003 年,利比亞也發現了類似的機器,當時該國為了避免入侵而將其整個核武器計劃放棄給美國。

當汗的擴散圈被曝光時,伊朗甚至最終坦白並承認多年來向他支付了數百萬美元,以幫助他建立核計劃。

這在某種程度上與 2002-2003 年期間暴露的納坦茲核設施同時發生。

當國際原子能機構第一次訪問納坦茲時,它看到的離心機機隊很可能是 AQ Khan 的。

他重要性的另一個標誌是,直到最近幾年,德黑蘭才真正成功地生產出超出汗設計的離心機,這種離心機可以在任何可靠的時間內工作。

直到 2019 年,科學與國際安全研究所所長大衛奧爾布賴特告訴耶路撒冷郵報,伊斯蘭共和國喜歡拍照的先進 IR-4、IR-6 或 IR-8 離心機幾乎沒有一個真正適用於任何人。有意義的時間長度。

在華盛頓推翻伊拉克政權後,伊朗在該領域未能取得進展超過 15 年,部分原因在於它對美國的恐懼。

但其中一些可能是因為一旦汗的擴散活動被曝光,他們就失去了汗的常規指導,美國要求巴基斯坦與他斷絕關係並限制他的活動。

與朝鮮一樣,早在 2002 年,美國官員就表示,巴基斯坦交易了有關氣體離心鈾濃縮過程和可能的相關技術的敏感信息,以換取彈道導彈。

更具體地說,美國情報部門發現了從伊斯蘭堡向平壤出售用於製造氣體離心機的高強度鋁管。

朝鮮也得到了其他人的幫助,包括它自己與伊朗的交流,但如果沒有他的貢獻,朝鮮是否會擁有如今強大的核武器庫尚不清楚。

汗願意與伊朗、朝鮮和利比亞等流氓國家分享核技術是他“特別”的部分原因,並最終導致他被排斥,至少在巴基斯坦之外。

在可汗之前,絕大多數核科學家認為核武器過於危險,除了世界上最大和最穩定的大國之外,不能與任何國家分享。

在這些問題上發生的少數叛逃中,通常是在蘇聯和西方頂級強國之間,而不是向較低級別的“發展中國家”。

在巴基斯坦,根據一時的政治風向,他要么被視為為國家帶來核武器和永久安全免遭入侵的英雄,要么被視為最好被軟禁並遠離視線的信天翁。

不管巴基斯坦領導人公開說什麼,回想起來似乎很清楚,即使不是大多數,也有許多人支持他的擴散行為或對他的擴散行為視而不見。

在他們看來,傳播核信息為巴基斯坦賺錢,提升了該國的聲譽,並削弱了世界主要大國將其在安全和權力問題上的觀點強加於巴基斯坦等仍在站穩腳跟的國家的能力。

從以色列的角度來看,AQ 汗已經通過幫助伊斯蘭共和國在其核野心和實力上向前推進,已經造成了不可挽回的損害,從而進入了歷史。

他可能已經走了,但以色列的安全和世界穩定可能會為他未來幾十年的行為付出代價。

The other father of Iran’s nuke program - A.Q. Khan - analysis

Abdul Qadeer Khan, who died on Sunday and founded Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program, can be considered the father, or step-father of Iran, North Korea and Libya’s nuclear weapons programs.

By YONAH JEREMY BOB

OCTOBER 10, 2021 20:49

The Iranian flag waves in front of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) headquarters, before the beginning of a board of governors meeting, amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Vienna, Austria, March 1, 2021.

(photo credit: REUTERS/LISI NIESNER/FILE PHOTO)

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Traditionally, Mohsen Fakhrizadeh is referred to as the father of Iran’s nuclear weapons program. After all, he was its chief for decades until his assassination in November 2020.

However, in a very real sense, Abdul Qadeer Khan, who died on Sunday and founded Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program, can also be considered the father – or step-father – of Iran's, North Korea's and Libya’s nuclear weapons programs.

Without him selling these countries both designs and actual centrifuges for enriching uranium – as well as supplying invaluable guidance from at least 1987-1996, and quite possibly longer – they may never have jumped forward to where they are now, or their progress could have taken much longer.

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Until AQ Khan sold the Islamic Republic both designs and actual centrifuges, all of its domestic attempts to manufacture them were dismal failures.

Iranian Defense Minister Amir Hatami, speaks during a funeral ceremony of Iranian nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, in Tehran, Iran November 30, 2020. (credit: IRANIAN DEFENSE MINISTRY/WANA/HANDOUT/VIA REUTERS)

The approximately 20,000 IR-1 and IR-2 centrifuges which Tehran had operating leading into the 2015 JCPOA nuclear deal were entirely or mostly based on Pakistan’s P-1 and P-2 machines.

Similar machines were also found in Libya when that country gave up its entire nuclear weapons program to the US in 2003 in the hope of staving off an invasion.

When Khan’s proliferation ring was exposed, Iran even eventually came clean and admitted to years of paying him millions for his help in building up their nuclear program.

This happened somewhat in parallel to the Natanz nuclear facility being exposed during the 2002-2003 period.

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When the International Atomic Energy Agency first secured a visit to Natanz, the centrifuge fleet it saw were likely AQ Khan’s.

Another sign of his importance is that only in the last few years did Tehran actually succeed in producing its own centrifuges beyond Khan's designs, which would work for any reliable amount of time.

As late as 2019, Institute for Science and International Security president David Albright told The Jerusalem Post that almost none of the advanced IR-4, IR-6 or IR-8 centrifuges that the Islamic Republic liked to take photos of were actually working for any meaningful length of time.

Some of Iran’s failure to advance in that arena for over 15 years stemmed from its fear of the US after Washington toppled the regime in Iraq.

But some of it might be traceable to their loss of Khan’s regular guidance once his proliferation activities were exposed and the US demanded that Pakistan disown him and curtail his activities.

LIKEWISE WITH North Korea, already in 2002, US officials said that Pakistan had traded sensitive information about the gas centrifuge uranium enrichment process and possibly related technologies in exchange for ballistic missiles.

More specifically, American intelligence uncovered sales from Islamabad to Pyongyang of high-strength aluminum tubes to build gas centrifuges.

North Korea has also had help from others, including its own exchanges with Iran, but it is unclear whether the North would have the formidable nuclear weapons arsenal it has today without his contribution.

Khan’s willingness to share nuclear technology with rogue countries like Iran, North Korea and Libya is part of what made him “special” and eventually causing him to be ostracized, at least outside of Pakistan.

Until Khan, the vast majority of nuclear scientists viewed nuclear weapons as too dangerous to share with any but the world’s largest and most stable powers.

In the few defections that happened on these issues, they were usually between the USSR and top Western powers, but not to lower-grade “developing” countries.

Within Pakistan, depending on the momentary political winds, he has been viewed either as a hero who brought the country nuclear weapons and permanent safety from invasion or as an albatross who was best kept under house arrest and out of sight.

Regardless of what various Pakistani leaders said publicly, it seems clear in retrospect that many, if not most of them, were on board with or turned a blind eye to his proliferation exploits.

In their eyes, spreading nuclear information made money for Pakistan, enhanced the country’s reputation and undermined the ability of the world’s leading powers to enforce their views on security and power issues on countries like Pakistan, which were still finding their feet.

From Israel’s perspective, AQ Khan passes into history already having done irrevocable damage by helping the Islamic Republic jump forward in its nuclear ambitions and prowess.

He may be gone, but Israeli security and world stability may pay for his actions for decades to come.

巴基斯坦“核計劃之父”死於癌症

汗是 2004 年全球核擴散醜聞的中心,該醜聞涉及向朝鮮、伊朗和利比亞出售核機密。

通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF,路透

2021 年 10 月 10 日 10:12

2009 年 8 月 28 日,巴基斯坦核科學家阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾·汗在他位於伊斯蘭堡的家中與記者交談。

(圖片來源:MIAN KHURSHEED/REUTERS)

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據巴基斯坦媒體報導,以領導該國核計劃而聞名的巴基斯坦核物理學家和工程師阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾·汗於週日去世。

汗承認自己是核擴散團伙的一員,他死於癌症,享年 85 歲。

巴基斯坦國營的美聯社說,汗於 8 月 26 日在檢測出COVID-19呈陽性後被送往汗研究實驗室醫院,後來被轉移到拉瓦爾品第的一家軍事醫院。

巴基斯坦總理伊姆蘭汗在推特上說:“他受到我們國家的喜愛,因為他在使我們成為核武器國家方面做出了重要貢獻。” “對巴基斯坦人民來說,他是一個國家偶像。”

他是 2004 年全球核擴散醜聞的中心人物,該醜聞涉及向朝鮮、伊朗和利比亞出售核機密。在國家電視台認罪後,汗被當時的總統佩爾韋茲·穆沙拉夫赦免,但他在伊斯蘭堡富麗堂皇的家中被軟禁多年。

汗在供詞中說,他是在國家官員不知情的情況下單獨行動的。然而,他後來說他已成為替罪羊。

2006 年 9 月 9 日,巴基斯坦核科學家阿卜杜勒·卡迪爾汗的支持者在卡拉奇親吻他的照片。(圖片來源:ZAHID HUSSEIN/REUTERS)

巴基斯坦總統阿里夫·阿爾維在推特上說:“他幫助我們發展了拯救國家的核威懾,一個感恩的國家永遠不會忘記他在這方面的貢獻。”

與 AQ Khan 沒有親屬關係的總理汗表示,按照他的意願,這位科學家將被安葬在伊斯蘭堡的費薩爾清真寺。

Pakistan's 'father of nuclear program' dies of cancer

Khan was at the center of a global nuclear proliferation scandal in 2004 that involved sales of nuclear secrets to North Korea, Iran and Libya.

By JERUSALEM POST STAFF, REUTERS

OCTOBER 10, 2021 10:12

Pakistan nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan speaks to journalists from his house in Islamabad August 28, 2009.

(photo credit: MIAN KHURSHEED/REUTERS)

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Abdul Qadeer Khan, a Pakistani nuclear physicist and engineer who is known to have spearheaded the country's nuclear program has died on Sunday, Pakistani media reported.

Khan, who acknowledged being part of a nuclear proliferation ring, died of cancer, aged 85.

Khan was admitted to Khan Research Laboratories Hospital on Aug. 26 after testing positive for COVID-19 and was later moved to a military hospital in Rawalpindi, said the state-run Associated Press of Pakistan.

"He was loved by our nation bec(ause) of his critical contribution in making us a nuclear weapon state," Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan on Twitter. "For the people of Pakistan, he was a national icon."

He was at the center of a global nuclear proliferation scandal in 2004 that involved sales of nuclear secrets to North Korea, Iran and Libya. After a confession on national television, Khan was pardoned by then-president Pervez Musharraf but he remained under house arrest for years in his palatial Islamabad home.

In his confession, Khan said he acted alone without the knowledge of the state officials. However, he later said he had been scapegoated.

A supporter of disgraced Pakistani nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan kisses his picture in Karachi September 9, 2006. (credit: ZAHID HUSSEIN/REUTERS)

"He helped us develop nation-saving nuclear deterrence, and a grateful nation will never forget his services in this regard," Pakistani President Arif Alvi said in a tweet.

Prime Minister Khan, who is not related to AQ Khan, said the scientist would be buried at Islamabad's Faisal mosque, according to his wishes.

IAI為愛沙尼亞國防軍裝備“藍矛”陸對海導彈系統

愛沙尼亞宣布,以色列航空航天工業公司和 ST Engineering 的合資企業 Proteus Advanced Systems 贏得了向該國提供防禦系統的招標。

通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF

2021 年 10 月 10 日 07:45

藍矛 (5G SSM)

(圖片來源:以色列航空航天工業)

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以色列航空航天工業公司(IAI)上周宣布,它已與愛沙尼亞達成協議,用藍矛(5G SSM)陸對海導彈系統武裝該國的國防軍。

愛沙尼亞國防投資中心(ECDI)宣布,以色列航空航天工業公司和 ST Engineering Land Systems 的合資企業 Proteus Advanced Systems 中標,為愛沙尼亞國防軍提供先進的反艦導​​彈系統。

Blue Spear 系統允許從陸基平台以高亞音速飛行。該項目是愛沙尼亞國防歷史上最複雜的項目,可以在所有天氣條件下、白天和黑夜的所有時間運行,並提供打擊海上目標的能力。

Heron 無人機上的 WASP 系統(來源:IAI)

愛沙尼亞國防部長 Kalle Laanet 說:“這種武器系統大大改善了我們的海岸防禦,並發出了我們正在為地區和集體防禦努力做出貢獻的明確信息。這是有史以​​來最複雜和高科技的武器系統之一,也是愛沙尼亞國防軍的一次巨大飛躍。我很高興愛沙尼亞擁有能夠參與此類高科技項目的國防工業。”

IAI 是航空航天創新領域的世界領先者,為商業和國防目的提供最先進的空中、海軍、陸地和太空技術。ST Engineering 是一家全球性工程集團,在歐洲、中東、美國和亞洲的航空航天和海軍防禦領域利用技術和創新。

IAI to equip Estonian Defense Forces with 'Blue Spear' land-to-sea missile system

Estonia announced that Proteus Advanced Systems, a joint venture of Israel Aerospace Industries and ST Engineering, won the tender to provide defense systems to the nation.

By JERUSALEM POST STAFF

OCTOBER 10, 2021 07:45

Blue Spear (5G SSM)

(photo credit: ISRAEL AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES)

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Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) announced last week that it has reached an agreement with Estonia to arm the nation's defense forces with the Blue Spear (5G SSM) land-to-sea missile system.

The Estonian Center for Defense Investment (ECDI) announced that Proteus Advanced Systems, a joint venture of Israel Aerospace Industries and ST Engineering Land Systems, won the tender to provide the Estonian Defense Forces with advanced anti-ship missile systems.

The Blue Spear system allows for launching from land-based platforms with flight at high subsonic speed. This project is the most complex in Estonia's defense history, and can operate through all weather conditions, all hours of day and night, and provides the ability to strike targets out of sight at sea.

WASP system on Heron UAV (credit: IAI)

Estonia's Defense Minister, Kalle Laanet, said “This weapon system substantially improves our coastal defense and sends a clear message that we are contributing to the regional and collective defense effort. This is one of the most complex and high-tech weapon systems of all time and a huge leap forward for the Estonian Defense Forces. I am very glad that Estonia has a defense industry capable of participating in such high-tech projects.”

IAI is a world leader in aerospace innovation, delivering state-of-the-art technology in air, navy, land and space, for commercial and defense purposes. ST Engineering is a global engineering group that utilizes technology and innovation in the fields of aerospace and naval defense, in Europe, the Middle East, US and Asia.

伊朗聲稱擁有製造核彈所需的80%的鈾

伊朗聲稱120公斤。加入 20% 的濃縮鈾。如果屬實,這些數字可被視為伊朗鈾濃縮工作的一大進步。

作者:尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃

2021 年 10 月 10 日 20:35

伊朗原子能組織負責人穆罕默德·埃斯拉米和國際原子能機構(原子能機構)總幹事拉斐爾·格羅西於 2021 年 9 月 12 日在伊朗德黑蘭出席新聞發布會。

(圖片來源:WANA(西亞新聞社)VIA REUTERS)

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伊朗已經濃縮了 120 多公斤。據國家通訊社 IRNA 報導,其原子能組織負責人穆罕默德·埃斯拉米 (Mohammad Eslami) 週六晚間表示,該公司使用了 20% 的濃縮鈾。

“我們已經超過了 120 公斤,”IRNA 引述他的話說。“我們擁有的不僅僅是這個數字。”

“我們的人民很清楚,他們(西方國家)本打算給我們提供 20% 的濃縮燃料,用於德黑蘭反應堆,但他們沒有這樣做,”埃斯拉米說。“如果我們的同事不這樣做,我們自然會遇到德黑蘭反應堆缺乏燃料的問題。”

如果屬實,這些數字可以被認為是鈾濃縮的重大飛躍,如果德黑蘭做出選擇嘗試打破核門檻,最終可能會朝著核武器發展。

上個月,國際原子能機構稱伊朗有 84.3 公斤。鈾濃縮到 20%。

在 2021 年 3 月 15 日獲得的這張照片中,可以在伊朗革命衛隊海軍部隊的新“導彈基地”的地下看到伊朗導彈,該地點位於伊朗的一個未公開地點。(圖片來源:IRGC/WANA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

根據美國國家安全猶太研究所的數據,155 公斤。20% 的濃縮鈾就足以最終放大成用於製造核彈的武器化鈾。

這意味著120公斤。將幾乎完成了 80%。

根據 JINSA 最近的一份報告,“伊朗正在積極減少其 20% 濃縮鈾庫存的增長,這代表了實現裂變材料努力的十分之九。自 1 月開始,伊朗累計濃縮約 152 公斤。鈾以 19 公斤/月的速度增加到 20%。”

此外,JINSA 表示,這些統計數據顯示,“伊朗聲稱在 6 月份生產了 108 公斤。前三周平均每月 40 公斤的速度被誇大了。”

JINSA 將所有部分放在一起說:“為了限制其庫存,伊朗一直在將其中一些轉化為金屬鈾,雖然令人擔憂,因為這個過程是核武器的步驟之一,但這意味著這種材料不能再被用於富集裂變材料。”

在周六晚上伊朗宣布之前,JINSA 曾表示,假設伊朗繼續以目前的速度生產和轉移 20% 的鈾,到 2022 年 6 月或 7 月,它將獲得足夠的鈾來製造核武器。

上個月,科學與國際安全研究所估計,伊朗可以在大約一個月內生產足夠用於單個核彈頭的濃縮鈾。

關於伊斯蘭共和國生產核武器的速度的複雜計算涉及它已濃縮到三個不同水平的鈾的混合搭配:5%、20% 和 60%,其中 90% 是武器化水平。

最近幾週,德黑蘭就是否會重返與美國和世界大國的核談判並重新加入聯合綜合行動計劃的核協議限制以換取華盛頓解除制裁,或者是否出於其他目的而拖延,發出了不同的信息。 .

與此同時,自9月中旬以來,國際原子能機構嚴厲批評伊朗阻止其進入並禁用其部分核監測設備。

伊朗將這一僵局歸咎於6 月份卡拉季核設施發生爆炸,阿亞圖拉將其歸咎於摩薩德。

Iran claims to have 80% of uranium needed to build nuclear bomb

Iran claims 120 kg. jump in 20% enriched uranium. If true, the numbers could be considered a major jump forward in Iran's uranium enrichment efforts.

By YONAH JEREMY BOB

OCTOBER 10, 2021 20:35

Head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization Mohammad Eslami and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Rafael Grossi attend a news conference, in Tehran, Iran, September 12, 2021.

(photo credit: WANA (WEST ASIA NEWS AGENCY) VIA REUTERS)

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Iran has enriched more than 120 kg. of 20% enriched uranium, the head of its atomic energy organization, Mohammad Eslami, said Saturday evening, state news agency IRNA reported.

“We have passed 120 kilograms,” IRNA quoted him as saying. “We have more than that figure.”

“Our people know well that they [Western powers] were meant to give us the enriched fuel at 20% to use in the Tehran reactor, but they haven’t done so,” Eslami said. “If our colleagues do not do it, we would naturally have problems with the lack of fuel for the Tehran reactor.”

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If true, the numbers could be considered a major jump forward in uranium enrichment, potentially eventually toward a nuclear weapon if Tehran made the choice to try and break the nuclear threshold.

Last month, the International Atomic Energy Agency said Iran had 84.3 kg. of uranium enriched to 20%.

Iranian missiles are seen at an underground of the new ''missile cite'' of Iran's Revolutionary Guards naval unit at an undisclosed location in Iran, in this picture obtained on March 15, 2021. (credit: IRGC/WANA/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)

According to the Jewish Institute for National Security of America, 155 kg. of 20% enriched uranium would be enough to eventually be scaled up to weaponized uranium for a nuclear bomb.

That would mean 120 kg. would be almost 80% of the way there.

According to a recent JINSA report, “Iran is actively reducing the growth of its stockpile of 20% enriched uranium, which represents nine-tenths of the effort to achieve fissile material. Since starting in January, Iran cumulatively has enriched an estimated 152 kg. uranium to 20% at a rate of 19 kg./month.”

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In addition, JINSA said these statistics show “Iran’s claim, in June, to have produced 108 kg. at an average rate of 40 kg./month over the preceding three weeks was provocatively overstated.”

Putting all the pieces together, JINSA said: “To limit its stockpile, Iran has been converting some of it to uranium metal, which, while worrisome because this process is one of the steps to a nuclear weapon, means this material can no longer be used to enrich fissile material.”

Before Saturday night’s Iranian announcement, JINSA had said assuming Iran continues producing and diverting 20% uranium at its current rate, it would achieve sufficient uranium for a nuclear weapon by June or July 2022.

Last month, the Institute for Science and International Security estimated that Iran could produce enough enriched uranium for a single nuclear warhead within approximately one month.

The complex calculations on how fast the Islamic Republic can produce a nuclear weapon involve a mix and match of uranium it has enriched to three different levels: 5%, 20% and 60%, with 90% being the weaponization level.

In recent weeks, Tehran has given mixed messages about whether it would return to nuclear talks with the US and world powers and rejoin the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action’s nuclear-deal limits in exchange for Washington lifting sanctions or whether it is stalling for some other purpose.

In the meantime, since mid-September, the IAEA has heavily criticized Iran for blocking its access and disabling some of its nuclear monitoring equipment.

Iran has blamed the standoff over monitoring on an explosion at its Karaj nuclear facility in June, which the ayatollahs attributed to the Mossad.

美國:“我們反對以色列單邊定居點活動的立場是明確的”

貝內特已承諾不凍結定居點建設,包括推進此類建築的計劃。

作者:托瓦·拉扎羅夫

2021 年 10 月 9 日 20:33

美國國務院發言人內德·普萊斯於 2021 年 8 月 16 日在美國華盛頓的國務院舉行關於阿富汗的新聞發布會。

(圖片來源:REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque/POOL)

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拜登政府已明確反對單方面建立定居點的活動,美國國務院發言人斯內德的價格在華盛頓告訴記者,在回答有關對總理納夫塔利貝內特美國的壓力,以制止這種行為的查詢。

“看,我們並不總是——事實上,我們從來沒有宣讀過我們的私人外交對話,我們之間的來回,無論是與我們的以色列合作夥伴還是世界各地的任何合作夥伴,”普萊斯說。

“但可以說我們已經非常明確地表明了我們的立場,當涉及到定居點活動等單邊行動時,我們也已經非常明確地表明了這一點,”他說。

“事實上,我只是重申了美國在定居點活動方面的立場。對此應該毫無疑問,”普萊斯週四表示。

在《耶路撒冷郵報》姊妹刊物瓦拉 (Walla) 發表報告後,他發表講話稱,拜登政府正在悄悄呼籲以色列限制定居點活動。

然而,普萊斯對拜登政府的反對態度相當直言不諱,包括在周四的華盛頓簡報會上。

他說:“我們認為,各方應避免採取加劇緊張局勢的單邊措施,並再次削弱通過談判達成兩國解決方案的努力,這一點至關重要。” “這包括,正如我之前在不同背景下所說的,吞併領土、定居活動、拆除和驅逐”以及“煽動暴力”。

普萊斯還談到美國反對巴勒斯坦權力機構每月向被監禁的恐怖分子和被殺者家屬提供津貼。此外,他譴責定居者和猶太極端分子對巴勒斯坦人的暴力行為。

美國總統喬·拜登和總理納夫塔利·貝內特 8 月在白宮會面時握手。(信用:喬納森·恩斯特/路透社)

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國務院發言人發表講話時,負責以色列和巴勒斯坦事務的副助理國務卿哈迪·阿姆爾結束了對該地區為期三天的訪問,在訪問期間他與以色列人和巴勒斯坦人舉行了會談。美國駐耶路撒冷大使館發布了他的訪問摘要,包括會談中提出的一系列議題,如人道主義問題、兩國解決方案和巴勒斯坦權力機構對恐怖分子的津貼。沒有提到定居點活動。

總理納夫塔利·貝內特已承諾不凍結定居點建設,包括推進此類建設計劃。然而,實際上,猶地亞和撒馬利亞高級規劃委員會上次召開會議是在 1 月,就在美國總統喬·拜登宣誓就職之前。從那時起,它就沒有開會以顯著推進建築計劃。由於罷工,推動 2,223 座定居者住房計劃的會議被取消,並且沒有重新安排。

Yesha 委員會負責人 David Elhayani 和 Samaria 地區委員會負責人 Yossi Dagan 都向 Bennett 發出警告,稱凍結定居點將導致政府垮台。

“球在貝內特的球場,而不是在拜登的球場——如果施工被凍結,政府將不復存在,”屬於反對黨利庫德集團的達甘說。

然而,Elhayani 是新希望黨的成員,該黨是聯盟的一部分。然而,他的信息與達甘的相似。

“拜登總統知道,破壞猶太、撒馬利亞和約旦河谷定居點的建設意味著現任政府垮台。我們不會容忍美國這種粗暴的干預,”Elhayani 說。

我們預計納夫塔利·貝內特總理會直接拒絕這一要求,”他說。

US: 'Our position against unilateral Israeli settlement activity is clear'

Bennett has pledged not to freeze settlement construction, including the advancement of plans for such buildings.

By TOVAH LAZAROFF

OCTOBER 9, 2021 20:33

US State Department spokesman Ned Price holds a press briefing on Afghanistan at the State Department in Washington, U.S., August 16, 2021.

(photo credit: REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque/POOL)

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The Biden administration has clearly opposed unilateral settlement activity, State Department spokesman Ned Price told reporters in Washington, in response to a query about US pressure on Prime Minister Naftali Bennett to halt such action.

“Look, we don’t always – in fact we never read out our private diplomatic conversations, the back and forth we have, whether that’s with our Israeli partners or any partner around the world,” Price said.

“But suffice it to say we have made our position very clear, and when it comes to unilateral action like settlement activity, we have also made that very clear,” he said.

“And in fact, I just reiterated where the United States stands on settlement activity. There should be no question about that,” Price said on Thursday.

He spoke in the aftermath of a report by The Jerusalem Post’s sister publication Walla, that the Biden administration was quietly calling on Israel to restrain settlement activity.

Price, however, has been fairly blunt about the Biden administration’s opposition to it, including at the Washington briefing on Thursday.

“We believe it is critical for all parties to refrain from those unilateral steps that exacerbate tensions and, again, undercut efforts to achieve a negotiated two-state solution,” he said. “That includes, as I was saying before in a different context, annexation of territory, settlement activity, demolitions and evictions” and “incitement to violence.”

Price also spoke of US opposition to Palestinian Authority monthly stipends to jailed terrorists and family members of slain ones. In addition, he condemned violence by settlers and Jewish extremists against Palestinians.

US PRESIDENT Joe Biden and Prime Minister Naftali Bennett shake hands during a meeting at the White House in August. (credit: JONATHAN ERNST / REUTERS)

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The State Department spokesman spoke as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Israel and Palestinian Affairs Hady Amr wrapped up his three-day visit to the area, where During his visit he held talks with Israelis and Palestinians. The US embassy in Jerusalem released a summary of his visit, including a list of topics that were raised during the talks, such as humanitarian issues, the two-state solution and PA stipends for terrorists. There was no mention about settlement activity.

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett has pledged not to freeze settlement construction, including the advancement of plans for such building. In practice, however, the Higher Planning Council for Judea and Samaria last convened in January, just before US President Joe Biden was sworn into office. Since then it has not met to significantly advance building plans. A meeting to push forward plans for 2,223 settler homes was canceled due to a strike and has not been rescheduled.

Yesha Council head David Elhayani and Samaria Regional Council head Yossi Dagan both issued warnings to Bennett that a settlement freeze would bring down the government.

“The ball is in Bennett’s court, not in Biden’s – if construction is frozen, the government will not exist,” said Dagan, who belongs to the Likud Party, which is in the opposition.

Elhayani, however, is a member of the New Hope Party which is part of the coalition. His message, however, was similar to Dagan’s.

“President Biden knows that harming construction in settlements in Judea, Samaria and the Jordan Valley means the fall of the current government. We will not tolerate this gross American intervention,” Elhayani said.

We expect Prime Minister Naftali Bennett to reject this demand outright,” he said.

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