2021.10.15 國際新聞導讀-美國重回聯合國人權理事會、美國太空軍的發展恐已落後中國太空發展、美國警告以色列應與中國保持距離、法國與阿爾及利亞關係陷入緊張、葉門前政府軍與胡塞軍激烈交戰搶奪天然氣田、伊朗指責以色列空襲敘利亞、伊朗指責伊拉克大選有外國勢力介入

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.10.15 國際新聞導讀-美國重回聯合國人權理事會、美國太空軍的發展恐已落後中國太空發展、美國警告以色列應與中國保持距離、法國與阿爾及利亞關係陷入緊張、葉門前政府軍與胡塞軍激烈交戰搶奪天然氣田、伊朗指責以色列空襲敘利亞、伊朗指責伊拉克大選有外國勢力介入

特朗普時代後美國重返人權理事會

參議院外交關係委員會的最高共和黨人向“迫害”以色列的機構“提供合法性”

通過路透社，LAHAV哈爾科夫

2021 年 10 月 14 日 22:03

在聯合國大會當選美國設在日內瓦的人權委員會（人權委員會）週四，三年多後，特朗普管理退出47個成員的機構在其對以色列的長期偏見和缺乏改革。

美國在193個成員國大會的無記名投票中獲得168票，無人反對。它於 1 月 1 日開始為期三年的任期，使華盛頓與今年開始理事會任期的北京和莫斯科展開競爭。美國總統喬拜登於 1 月上任，承諾人權將成為其外交政策的中心，他的政府並沒有迴避在香港、新疆和台灣問題上批評中國，同時也呼籲俄羅斯。

“美國不應該將其合法性借給一個包括中國、委內瑞拉和古巴等侵犯人權者的機構，”參議院外交關係委員會高級成員、參議員吉姆·裡施 (R-Idaho) 說。“此外，安理會繼續不成比例地花費大部分時間和注意力來迫害我們的盟友以色列。拜登政府會為重新加入這個有缺陷的身體而拍拍自己的背。然而，它將在沒有確保任何必要改革的情況下這樣做，同時也未能支持世界各地的人權。”

美國駐聯合國大使琳達·托馬斯-格林菲爾德 (Linda Thomas-Greenfield) 表示，華盛頓最初將專注於“我們在阿富汗、緬甸、中國、埃塞俄比亞、敘利亞和也門等迫切需要的情況下能夠完成的工作。我們的目標很明確：與人權捍衛者站在一起，反對侵犯和踐踏人權的行為。”

以色列將在 1 月份失去三個主要支持者——奧地利、捷克共和國和丹麥——但它獲得了立陶宛和美國。

2021 年 9 月 2 日在瑞士日內瓦拍攝的聯合國歐洲總部。（圖片來源：REUTERS/DENIS BALIBOUSE）

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以色列是聯合國人權理事會議程上唯一一個永久性項目的國家，也是今年早些時候成立的對涉嫌戰爭罪的常設調查委員會的目標的唯一國家。

聯合國觀察主任希勒爾諾伊爾表示，在周四的選舉之後，只有 31.9% 的聯合國人權委員會成員是自由民主國家。

“選舉旨在清除世界上最嚴重的侵犯人權者，”諾伊爾說。“但像中國、古巴、利比亞、俄羅斯和厄立特里亞這樣的壓迫性政權經常贏得選舉，並贏得國際合法性的印記。”

人權理事會候選人是按地域分組選出的，以確保代表性均勻。週四沒有選舉13名新成員並重新選舉5名成員的競爭性比賽。成員不能連續任職超過兩屆。

大會還選舉了哈薩克斯坦、岡比亞、貝寧、卡塔爾、阿拉伯聯合酋長國、馬來西亞、巴拉圭、洪都拉斯、盧森堡、芬蘭、黑山和立陶宛，同時在周四再次選舉了喀麥隆、厄立特里亞、索馬里、印度和阿根廷。美國獲得第二低的票數，僅擊敗獲得 144 票的厄立特里亞。

US back at Human Rights Council after Trump era

Top Republican on Senate Foreign Relations Committee pans ‘lending legitimacy’ to body that ‘persecutes’ Israel

By REUTERS, LAHAV HARKOV

OCTOBER 14, 2021 22:03

UNHRC 521

(photo credit: Reuters)

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The UN General Assembly elected the United States to the Geneva-based Human Rights Council (UNHRC) on Thursday, more than three years after the Trump administration quit the 47-member body over its chronic bias against Israel and a lack of reform.

The US, which was unopposed, received 168 votes in the secret ballot of the 193-member General Assembly. It begins a three-year term on January 1, pitting Washington against Beijing and Moscow, which began council terms this year. US President Joe Biden took office in January, pledging that human rights would be the center of his foreign policy, and his administration has not shied away from criticizing China over Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Taiwan, while also calling out Russia.

“The United States should not be lending its legitimacy to a body that includes perpetrators of human rights abuses like China, Venezuela and Cuba,” said Sen. Jim Risch (R-Idaho), ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. “Additionally, the council continues to disproportionately spend the majority of its time and attention persecuting our ally Israel. The Biden administration will pat itself on the back for rejoining this flawed body. However, it will have done so without securing any necessary reforms, while failing to support human rights around the world.”

US Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said Washington would initially focus on “what we can accomplish in situations of dire need, such as in Afghanistan, Burma, China, Ethiopia, Syria and Yemen. Our goals are clear: stand with human rights defenders and speak out against violations and abuses of human rights.”

Israel is set to lose three major supporters in January – Austria, the Czech Republic and Denmark – but it gains Lithuania and the US.

The European headquarters of the United Nations is pictured in Geneva, Switzerland, September 2, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/DENIS BALIBOUSE)

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Israel is the only country that is a permanent item on the UNHRC’s agenda, and the only country to be targeted with a permanent commission of inquiry into alleged war crimes, established earlier this year.

Hillel Neuer, director of UN Watch, said that following Thursday’s election, only 31.9% of the UNHRC’s members are free democracies.

“Elections were designed to weed out the world’s worst rights abusers,” Neuer said. “But oppressive regimes like China, Cuba, Libya, Russia and Eritrea routinely win elections, and the stamp of international legitimacy.”

Human Rights Council candidates are elected in geographical groups to ensure even representation. There were no competitive races on Thursday to elect 13 new members and reelect five members. Members cannot serve more than two consecutive terms.

The General Assembly also elected Kazakhstan, Gambia, Benin, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Paraguay, Honduras, Luxembourg, Finland, Montenegro and Lithuania, while reelecting Cameroon, Eritrea, Somalia, India and Argentina on Thursday. The United States received the second-lowest number of votes, beating only Eritrea, which received 144 votes.

前中央情報局官員：美國可能在太空衛星戰爭中落後於中國

根據報告和簡報，北京希望開發具有從眩目到干擾、從地面和空間進行動能殺傷的反衛星武器。

作者：尤娜傑瑞米鮑勃

2021 年 10 月 14 日 19:20

計算機生成的在軌納米衛星的重新編輯

（照片來源：禮貌）

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前中央情報局太空分析師蒂姆克里斯曼週四表示，如果美國不小心，中國將在主導太空相關問題的競賽中超越它，對未來的任何衝突都會產生一系列後果。

儘管克里斯曼的重點是美中競賽，但如果北京超過華盛頓，這也可能對以色列等美國盟友產生嚴重的負面影響，他們從衛星情報中受益，並導致向伊朗等中國盟友提供新的情報。

Chrisman 還曾在軍隊情報部門任職，目前擔任 Foundation for the Future 的聯合創始人，這是一個科學教育和公共工程宣傳基金會，致力於創建在太空生活和工作的基礎設施。

在 7 月的一次簡報和美國 4 月的年度國家情報評估報告中，美國高級國家安全官員表示，中國正在對旨在干擾或摧毀衛星的武器進行大規模的長期投資，以尋求迅速縮小美國在這方面的領先優勢。太空技術。

根據報告和簡報，北京希望開發具有從眩目到干擾、從地面和空間進行動能殺傷的反衛星武器。

一顆衛星（來源：INGIMAGE）

如果美國失去其太空衛星優勢，這可能會影響一切，從關閉美國情報收集的主要優勢到削弱美國軍事空中、陸地和海上部隊的全球無線網絡能力。

在談到即將發生的潛在太空衛星戰爭問題時，克里斯曼說：“這絕對是令人擔憂的問題，與中國對待南海的方式或俄羅斯利用加里寧格勒製造這些區域封鎖產品的方式非常相似。這些國家中的任何一個都可以使用這些非對稱武器來摧毀美國的太空能力。”

“在太空中，一旦發生衝突，其中一些——無論是網絡還是激光——可能無法直接歸因於缺乏傳感器或缺乏了解其來源的能力。

這會在發生衝突時增加一層複雜性和緊張感，”這位前中央情報局分析師說。

他被問及他是否相信美國情報界致力於認真對待這一威脅，或者其承諾是否更僅限於偶爾向美國國會發表聲明。

作為回應，他說：“總的來說，來自太空部隊（成立於 2019 年 12 月）和政府其他部門的少數派以外的感覺是，美國在太空領域始終處於主導地位，所以很明顯我們仍然[主導] ，因此對中國或俄羅斯關於新能力的任何宣布都會有這種奇怪的平衡反應，”他說。

一方面，官員們表示他們“過度擔心這會損害美國戰鬥能力的一切”，但另一方面“缺乏對如何應對並保持領先的長期關注”。

“太空部隊的創建是一個很好的工具，它為單個實體提供了開始正面解決這個問題的動力和影響力，但顯然 [仍然] 似乎對太空中的任何事情都缺乏緊迫感，”克里斯曼說。

當被問及安全機構強調短期威脅而非長期威脅的文化是否會影響該問題受到的關注程度時，他說，“總的來說，我們聽取了意見”，但是，“我認為你完全正確時間範圍。第二次我們在六個月到一年的窗口期之外說一些話，“他們失去了高級官員的興趣，這個問題被降級到遙遠的未來會議。

在談到他如何為中央情報局關注太空問題時，克里斯曼說他首先出版了一本關於太空人類未來的書。

這促使他從關注阿富汗和該機構其他大部分人員的注意力轉向太空問題，尤其是與中國爭奪主導地位的競爭。

克里斯曼指出，中央情報局對太空的承諾非常小，一般而言，五角大樓、太空部隊和其他軍事部門可能有超過 5,000 名人員在處理這個問題——當然，除了美國宇航局的文職特遣隊。

Jerusalem Post

World News

Ex-CIA officer: US could fall behind China in space satellite wars

According to the report and the briefings, Beijing wants to develop anti-satellite weapons with capabilities from dazzling to jamming, to kinetic kill-from-the-ground as well as from space.

By YONAH JEREMY BOB

OCTOBER 14, 2021 19:20

A computer-generated redition of the nano-satellites in orbit

(photo credit: Courtesy)

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If the US is not careful, China will overtake it in the race for dominating space-related issues, with a range of consequences for any future conflicts, former CIA space analyst Tim Chrisman said on Thursday.

Though Chrisman’s focus is the US-China race, if Beijing overtook Washington, this could also have serious negative implications for American allies like Israel, who benefit from satellite intelligence, and lead to new providing of intelligence to Chinese allies, like Iran.

Chrisman, also served in army intelligence and is currently serving as co-founder of Foundation for the Future, a scientific education and public works advocacy foundation, dedicated to creating an infrastructure to live and work in space.

In a July briefing and in the US’s annual National Intelligence Assessment report in April, top American national security officials said that China was making sizable, long-term investments in weapons designed to jam or destroy satellites as it seeks to rapidly narrow the US’s lead in space technology.

According to the report and the briefings, Beijing wants to develop anti-satellite weapons with capabilities from dazzling to jamming, to kinetic kill-from-the-ground as well as from space.

A satellite (credit: INGIMAGE)

If the US lost its space satellite advantage, this could impact everything from closing off major advantages in American intelligence collection to impairing global wireless networking capabilities of US military air, land, and sea-based units.

Referring to the impending potential space satellite wars issue, Chrisman said, “it’s definitely been the concern, very similar to how China is treating the South China Sea or Russia has used Kaliningrad to create these products of area denial. Either of these countries can use these asymmetric weapons to, if not destroy, then sideline the US capabilities,” in space.

“In space, in the eventuality of conflict, some of these – whether cyber or laser – may not be directly attributable because of lacking sensors or otherwise lacking the ability to know where it came from.

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That then adds a layer of complexity and tension in case of conflict,” said the former CIA analyst.

He was questioned about whether he believed the US intelligence community was committed to taking the threat seriously or whether its commitment was more limited to occasional declarations to the US Congress.

Responding, he said: “In general, the sense from outside the Space Force [established in December 2019] and a handful of pockets elsewhere in the government, is that the US is always dominant in space, so clearly we still do [dominate], and so there is this kind of odd balanced response to any announcement by China or Russia about new capabilities,” he said.

On one hand, officials convey they are “overly worried this will damage everything about the US’s ability to fight,” but on the other hand there is a “lack of a long-term focus on how to counter that and stay ahead.”

“The creation of the Space Force is a great tool, giving a single entity the motivation and clout to start tackling this head-on, but there definitely [still] seems to be a lack of urgency about anything in space,” said Chrisman.

Asked if the culture of the security establishment to emphasize near-term threats over long-term impacted how much attention the issue received, he said, “in general, we were listened to,” but that, “I think you were exactly right with the time frame. The second we say something outside a six month to a one-year window,” they lost higher ranking officials’ interest and the issue was relegated to distant future meetings.

In terms of how he crossed into following space issues for the CIA, Chrisman said that he first published a book about the future of humanity in space.

This facilitated him moving from a focus on Afghanistan with much of the rest of the agency to space issues in general and especially the race with China for dominance.

Chrisman noted that the CIA commitment to space is extremely small and that in general the Pentagon, the Space Force, and other military services likely have more than 5,000 personnel working on the issue – besides of course the civilian NASA contingent.

美國警告以色列：中國關係是共同的國家安全風險

與政府的信息保持一致，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯將對中國在以色列的投資發出警告。

作者：托瓦·拉扎羅夫

2021 年 10 月 13 日 13:16

2019 年 2 月在北京舉行的中美貿易談判開幕會議前，中國工作人員正在調整美國和中國國旗。

（照片來源：路透社/MARK SHIEFELBEIN/POOL）

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美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯計劃週三在華盛頓會見以色列外長亞伊爾·拉皮德時，警告以色列不要繼續對以色列的基礎設施和高科技產業進行投資。

一位國務院高級官員在會前的簡報會上對記者說：“我們將坦誠地與我們的以色列朋友討論與中國密切合作給我們共同的國家安全利益帶來的風險。”

預計布林肯將於週三會見阿聯酋外交部長謝赫阿卜杜拉本扎耶德阿勒納哈揚。

外交部長亞伊爾·拉皮德會見阿聯酋外長阿卜杜拉·本·扎耶德·阿勒納哈揚（圖片來源：SHLOMI AMSALEM/GPO）

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鑑於阿聯酋即將向阿聯酋出售先進的 F-35 戰鬥機，美國一直擔心阿聯酋在其通信系統中使用中國華為技術，但在談到中國時，它只關注對以色列的擔憂。

預計當天的亮點將是布林肯將與兩位外交部長舉行的三邊會議，旨在突出由前政府促成的亞伯拉罕協議的成功。

該協議允許以色列去年與阿聯酋、巴林、摩洛哥和蘇丹實現關係正常化，其中與阿聯酋的關係最為先進。

在三邊會議上，以色列和阿聯酋預計將宣布兩個新的工作組，一個是關於宗教共存的，另一個是專注於水和能源的。

但所有會議將提出的議題範圍相當廣泛，包括中國、伊朗、敘利亞、也門、黎巴嫩、加沙和以巴衝突。

拉皮德週二在華盛頓發表公開評論時，將重點關注美以兩國牢固的雙邊關係以及以色列與美國和拜登政府的特殊關係。

儘管美國官員在簡報會上表達了同樣的觀點，但他們也討論了兩國關係中的不和諧話題。

拜登政府官員本月早些時候在華盛頓與國家安全顧問埃亞爾·胡拉塔 (Eyal Hulata) 談過中國。

但國務院高級官員周二對他們對中國的具體擔憂仍含糊其辭。

這位官員說：“美國將中國視為挑戰現有國際規則秩序的競爭對手；我們與中國的關係將在應有的時候具有競爭力。”

在伊朗方面，美國國務院一位高級官員表示，華盛頓此時的主要目標是恢復 2015 年的聯合綜合行動計劃，即以色列歷來反對的伊朗協議。

美國和以色列都反對擁有核伊朗，但在如何最好地實現這一目標方面存在分歧。

拉皮德週二表示，伊朗是他華盛頓之行的主要焦點之一。

關於巴以沖突，國務院高級官員表示，在周三的會議上，布林肯將“重申我們相信”兩國解決方案的好處。他還將對“拉皮德部長最近強烈聲明譴責西岸定居者的暴力行為”表示讚賞。

以色列政府在如何最好地處理以巴衝突方面存在分歧，總理納夫塔利·貝內特反對兩國解決衝突，而拉皮德則支持它。

但拉皮德對這兩個州邊界的看法與拜登政府的設想不同，拜登政府並未推進和平進程。國務院高級官員沒有提到這方面的任何動向，只是表示“我們力求盡可能地推進它，盡我們所能。”

一位官員表示，這些協議不能替代兩國解決方案，並建議它們可以用來推動解決以巴衝突的進展。

這位官員說：“我們希望可以利用正常化來推動以巴軌道上的進展。”

一位官員還談到拜登政府致力於保持以色列的質量優勢，並支持為防禦性鐵穹系統提供補充資金，該系統為以色列提供保護以保護以色列公民免受哈馬斯火箭襲擊。

官員們重申反對以色列的定居點活動和巴勒斯坦權力機構每月向恐怖分子及其家人提供津貼。

另外，在拉皮德此行期間，外交部總幹事阿隆·烏什皮斯將會見副國務卿溫迪·謝爾曼。

US to warn Israel: China ties are a joint national security risk

Remaining consistent with the administration's message, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken will warn of China's investments in Israel.

By TOVAH LAZAROFF

OCTOBER 13, 2021 13:16

Chinese staffers adjust US and Chinese flags before the opening session of Sino-US trade negotiations in Beijing in February 2019.

(photo credit: REUTERS/MARK SCHIEFELBEIN/POOL)

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US Secretary of State Antony Blinken plans to warn Israel against continued Chinese investments in the country's infrastructure and hi-tech industry when he meets with Foreign Minister Yair Lapid in Washington on Wednesday.

"We will be candid with our Israeli friends over risks to our shared national security interests that come with close cooperation with China," a senior State Department official told reporters during a briefing ahead of the meeting.

Blinken is also expected to meet with Emirati Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan on Wednesday.

Foreign Minister Yair Lapid meeting with Emirati counterpart Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan (credit: SHLOMI AMSALEM/GPO)

The US has been concerned about the UAE's use of Chinese Huawei Technologies in its communication system in light of its pending sale of advanced F-35 fighter jets to the Emirates, but when speaking of China it focused only on its concern with Israel.

The highlight of the day is expected to be a trilateral meeting Blinken will host with the two foreign ministers that is designed to highlight the success of the Abraham Accords, brokered by the former administration.

The accords allowed for Israel to normalize ties with the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan last year, of which ties with the Emirates are the most advanced.

At the trilateral, Israel and the UAE are expected to announce two new working groups, one on religious coexistence and another that would focus on water and energy.

But the range of the topics that will be brought up in all meetings are fairly wide and include China, Iran, Syria, Yemen, Lebanon, Gaza and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Lapid, in his public comments in Washington on Tuesday, will focus on the strong US-Israel bilateral ties and the special relationship Israel has with America and the Biden administration.

Though US officials echoed those same sentiments at the briefing, they also discussed topics of discord in the relationship.

Biden administration officials had spoken about China with National Security Advisor Eyal Hulata when he was in Washington earlier this month.

But State Department senior officials remained vague on Tuesday with respect to their specific concerns on China.

"The US views China as a competitor that challenges the existing international rules-based order; our relationship with China will be competitive when it should be," the official stated.

ON IRAN, a senior State Department official said that Washington's main objective at this time is the revival of the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, known as the Iran deal, which Israel has traditionally opposed.

Both the US and Israel are joined in their opposition to a nuclear Iran but have differed about how best to achieve that objective.

Lapid said on Tuesday that Iran was one of the major focal points of his Washington trip.

On the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the senior State Department officials said that at Wednesday's meetings, Blinken will "reaffirm our belief" in the benefits of a two-state solution. He will also express his appreciation for "Minister Lapid's recent, strong statement condemning settler violence in the West Bank."

The Israeli government is split on how best to approach the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett opposing a two-state resolution to the conflict while Lapid has supported it.

But Lapid's visions of the borders of those two states differ from those envisioned by the Biden administration, which has not advanced a peace process. The senior State Department officials did not mention any movement on that front, except for stating that "we seek to advance it when we can, as best as we can."

An official said that the accords are not a substitute for the two-state solutions and suggested that they could be used to push for progress toward a resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

"We hope that normalization can be leveraged to advance progress on the Israeli-Palestinian track," the official said.

An official also spoke of the Biden administration's commitment to maintaining Israel's qualitative edge and its support for supplemental funding for the defensive Iron Dome system it provides Israel to protect Israeli citizens against Hamas rockets.

The officials repeated their opposition to Israeli settlement activity and the Palestinian Authority's monthly stipends to terrorists and their families.

Separately, during Lapid's trip, Foreign Ministry Director-General Alon Ushpiz will meet with Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman.

貝魯特市中心交火造成6人死亡32人受傷

真主黨抗議對貝魯特港爆炸事件的調查，導致暴力事件。

通過TZVI JOFFRE

2021 年 10 月 14 日 21:04

2021 年 10 月 14 日，黎巴嫩貝魯特發生槍聲後，軍隊士兵被部署。

（照片來源：AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS）

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週四，貝魯特至少有 6 人死亡，32 人受傷，因為真主黨支持者在抗議貝魯特港爆炸事件的法官塔雷克·比塔爾（Tarek Bitar）的抗議活動中開槍，因為圍繞此案的緊張局勢繼續升級。

截至週四晚間，黎巴嫩軍隊已成功使街頭恢復平靜，安全局勢有所改善。

據報導，槍擊事件始於 Tayouneh 地區，在那裡與 Ain El Remmaneh 和 Chiyah 相遇，該地區以 1975 年黎巴嫩內戰期間的教派衝突而聞名，因為它標誌著貝魯特東西部之間的邊界。

真主黨和黎巴嫩軍隊週四報導稱，槍擊事件的目標是抗議者。然而，槍擊開始後不久，真主黨和阿邁勒的支持者就可以看到用自動武器和火箭彈向該地區的建築物開火，這引發了人們質疑聲稱和平的支持者是否帶著武裝前來抗議。

週四晚上，目擊者告訴 MTV 黎巴嫩新聞，一些年輕人通過一條小街來到 Ain El Remmaneh，並開始高呼什葉派口號。然後，他們開始與該地區的年輕人交談，並爆發了一場鬥毆，導致該地區的一名年輕人帶著卡拉什尼科夫步槍向什葉派男子開槍，後者急忙從他們的車裡拿出武器。衝突擴大到整個社區，導致持續數小時的激烈衝突。

目擊者質疑，如果抗議是和平的，為什麼抗議者手頭有數百件武器，包括火箭彈。目擊者還稱，真主黨支持者故意進入艾因雷馬內地區進行挑釁，將這一事件與 2008 年差點引發內戰的 5 月 7 日暴力事件相提並論。

黎巴嫩軍隊週四晚間宣布，當抗議者前往司法宮時，該地區爆發了交火，導致人員傷亡。軍方立即加強在該地區的部署，對槍手進行搜查，逮捕了雙方9人，其中包括一名敘利亞公民。已開始對受司法機關監督的被拘留者進行調查。

“陸軍指揮部與雙方有關方面進行了接觸，以控制局勢並防止發生叛亂，指揮部重申對任何武裝部隊的零容忍，同時軍隊繼續在該地區部署，以防止再次發生衝突， ”黎巴嫩軍隊宣布。

衝突視頻顯示，槍手躲在汽車和垃圾桶後面，同時向建築物和看不見的目標開火。在衝突地區可以看到手無寸鐵的平民。

由於擔心緊張局勢和破壞升級，許多居住在衝突爆發地區的居民逃離。星期四的戰鬥造成了很多物質損失。

納吉布·米卡蒂總理呼籲保持冷靜，並敦促黎巴嫩人民不要捲入叛亂。

黎巴嫩內政部長巴薩姆·毛拉維強調，人們被狙擊手射中頭部的事實是不可接受的，並補充說，所有政府機構都在盡其所能逮捕肇事者並將他們繩之以法。Mawlawi 還表示，抗議活動的組織者已向該部確認將是和平的，並將槍擊事件稱為“犯罪”。

真主黨及其盟友阿邁勒運動指責由真主黨的強烈反對者薩米爾·蓋吉亞 (Samir Gaegea) 領導的黎巴嫩基督教力量運動週四從屋頂狙擊抗議者，意圖殺人，稱襲擊者打算將黎巴嫩拖入“煽動。”

兩個什葉派運動呼籲他們的支持者保持冷靜，並呼籲軍隊和安全部隊恢復和平。真主黨和阿邁勒呼籲逮捕和懲罰肇事者和煽動暴力的人，並補充說他們的名字已經為人所知。

2021 年 10 月 14 日，黎巴嫩貝魯特，軍隊士兵在槍聲爆發後巡邏。（圖片來源：REUTERS/MOHAMED AZAKIR）

兩個什葉派運動呼籲他們的支持者保持冷靜，並呼籲軍隊和安全部隊恢復和平。真主黨和阿邁勒呼籲逮捕和懲罰肇事者和煽動暴力的人，並補充說他們的名字已經為人所知。

黎巴嫩軍隊否認真主黨的說法，稱槍擊事件是真主黨領導人煽動對比塔爾的煽動，而這些說法是為了轉移對真主黨入侵該地區的注意力。

該運動指出，在許多攜帶自動武器進入安全街區的視頻中，可以清楚地看到真主黨特工，並表示此次槍擊事件是企圖以暴力和恐嚇手段推翻對港口爆炸事件的調查。

儘管真主黨呼籲保持冷靜，但社交媒體上分享的視頻顯示，據報導，真主黨特工的多支車隊攜帶重武器前往貝魯特，引發了對暴力可能升級的擔憂。

週四下午晚些時候，蓋吉亞譴責了這次槍擊事件，並說：“這些事件的主要原因是不受控制的廣泛武器，隨時隨地威脅著公民。”

黎巴嫩軍隊領導人呼籲黎巴嫩政府進行“全面徹底的調查”，以確定誰應對槍擊事件負責。“民間和平是黎巴嫩留給我們的唯一財富……但這需要我們所有人合作才能實現，”蓋吉亞說。

2021 年 10 月 14 日，黎巴嫩貝魯特發生槍聲後，軍隊士兵被部署。（圖片來源：AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS）

基督教官員周四多次發表聲明，強調“黎巴嫩的自由人民”不會允許真主黨強迫比塔爾下台，儘管許多官員已澄清他們不會使用暴力來這樣做。

已辭職的基督教議員、被暗殺的黎巴嫩總統勒內·莫阿瓦德的兒子米歇爾·莫阿瓦德週四下午告訴 MTV 黎巴嫩真主黨的行為“極其無禮和挑釁”，並警告該運動“甚至不敢認為它可以用它來嚇唬我們”。步槍和RPG。”

“我們希望繼續在街頭進行戰鬥，以對抗那些想要破壞黎巴嫩主權和實體、破壞司法機構、其獨立性和國內和平的人，”Moawad 補充道。

根據真主黨附屬的 Al-Manar 新聞，原定於上午舉行的抗議活動旨在“拒絕將貝魯特港爆炸罪調查政治化，並譴責 Tarek Bitar 法官和美國干預。”

米歇爾·奧恩總統強調，槍擊事件是“一個痛苦和不可接受的場景，無論原因和原因。” 奧恩向遇難者家屬表示哀悼。

奧恩說：“將武器作為黎巴嫩各方之間的交流語言回歸是不可接受的，因為我們都同意翻開我們歷史的這一黑暗篇章，”並強調國家必須是處理問題的唯一有效權威和糾紛。

總統強調，部長會議必須迅速召開會議以找到解決方案。奧恩補充說：“我們與有關方面進行了聯繫，以解決所發生的事情，最重要的是要防止它再次發生，因為我們知道在任何情況下都不會允許它發生。”

部長理事會原定於週三舉行會議，以討論真主黨要求將 Bitar 從港口爆炸調查中移除的要求，但會議被無限期推遲，據報導是由於無法就如何處理該事件達成協議。法官。

奧恩證實，安全部隊將保護安全、穩定和國內和平，並警告說，政府“不會允許任何人將國家作為自己的利益或賬戶作為人質”。

總統表示，安全部隊和司法系統將跟進衝突，並確保調查結果真相。

“我向黎巴嫩人保證，時間不會倒流，”奧恩說。“我們正在尋求解決方案，而不是走向危機。我與總理和議會議長合作，不會容忍也不會屈服於任何以煽動叛亂為目標的既成事實，所有黎巴嫩人都拒絕接受。”

事件發生之際，由於真主黨及其盟友阻撓 Bitar 的調查，聲稱法官有偏見並為政治目的而工作，因此對宗派暴力的擔憂加劇。

週四上午，黎巴嫩報紙的頭條新聞主要是警告政府垮台和街頭暴力。

黎巴嫩什葉派團體真主黨和阿邁勒以及基督教馬拉達運動的支持者在貝魯特司法宮附近參加對港口爆炸調查首席法官塔雷克·比塔爾的抗議（圖片來源：MOHAMED AZAKIR/REUTERS）

司法消息來源和法庭文件顯示，黎巴嫩法院週四駁回了針對貝魯特港爆炸調查首席調查員的最新法律訴訟，允許他恢復工作。

黎巴嫩國會議員阿里哈桑哈利勒是真主黨的盟友，在比塔爾向他發出逮捕令以詢問他有關爆炸事件後，他提出了投訴。

哈利勒週二告訴 Al-Mayadeen TV，Bitar 的調查“是非法的，並且超出了許多必須遵守的協議。” 國會議員還聲稱，法官在向哈利勒發出逮捕令後幾分鐘會見了一個外國代表團——暗示受到外國勢力的影響。

真主黨秘書長哈桑納斯魯拉週一襲擊了比塔爾，稱法官正在利用此案實現政治目標，他不想了解爆炸的真相。納斯魯拉還質疑為什麼比塔爾只質疑某些部長而不是其他部長。

國會議員警告說，將會有“政治升級，也許 [an escalation] 另一種類型”，並補充說，“所有可能性都是開放的”，包括走上街頭。

哈利勒聲稱調查可能是試圖“改變平衡”的區域和內部計劃的一部分，並且他掌握的信息表明，調查的目標是“應外部各方的要求”針對某個政治團體。週三，真主黨附屬議員哈桑·法德拉拉 (Hassan Fadlallah) 直截了當地指責美國干涉調查。

來自真主黨和馬拉達運動的消息人士告訴黎巴嫩 Al-Jadeed 電視新聞，比塔爾準備直接指責真主黨對爆炸負責。消息人士補充說，如果不移除 Bitar，他們將離開政府。

如果比塔爾的反對者試圖以武力強加他們的意志，蓋吉亞呼籲“黎巴嫩的自由人民”為和平總罷工做準備。雖然蓋吉亞強調他的聲明不是威脅，但他補充說他永遠不會接受武力強加的“某些現實”。

爆炸受害者的家屬警告說，“無論威脅程度有多高”，都不要更換或恐嚇 Bitar，並告訴官員“不要讓 [他們的] 干預司法部門”。

前國會議員穆斯塔法·阿盧奇週三在接受黎巴嫩之聲採訪時警告說，需要進行國際調查，目前的情況正在重演前總理拉菲克·哈里裡被暗殺的情況，因為真主黨認為調查的線索指向在它。

路透社為本報告做出了貢獻。

Six killed, 32 injured in firefight in the heart of Beirut

Hezbollah protests investigation into Beirut Port explosion, leading to violence.

By TZVI JOFFRE

OCTOBER 14, 2021 21:04

Army soldiers are deployed after gunfire erupted in Beirut, Lebanon October 14, 2021.

(photo credit: AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS)

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At least six people were killed and 32 wounded in Beirut on Thursday as shots were fired during a protest by Hezbollah supporters against Tarek Bitar, the judge investigating the Beirut Port blast, as tensions surrounding the case continue to rise.

As of Thursday evening, the Lebanese Army had succeeded in returning calm to the streets and the security situation had improved.

The shooting reportedly began in the Tayouneh area where it meets Ain El Remmaneh and Chiyah, a site famous for sectarian clashes during the 1975 civil war in Lebanon, as it marked the border between east and west Beirut.

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Hezbollah and the Lebanese Army reported on Thursday that the shooting targeted the protesters. However, shortly after the shooting began, Hezbollah and Amal supporters could be seen firing toward buildings in the areas with automatic weapons and RPGs, raising questions whether the supporters who had claimed to be peaceful had come to the protest armed.

Eyewitnesses told MTV Lebanon news on Thursday evening that a number of young men came to Ain El Remmaneh through a small side street and began chanting Shi’ite slogans. They then started speaking with young men from the area and a fistfight broke out, leading up to one of the young men from the area bringing a Kalashnikov rifle and shooting toward the Shi’ite men, who rushed to bring weapons from their vehicles. The clash expanded throughout the neighborhood leading to the intensive clashes that lasted hours.

The eyewitnesses questioned why, if the protest was meant to be peaceful, the protesters had hundreds of weapons on hand, including RPGs. The eyewitnesses also claimed that the Hezbollah supporters deliberately entered the Ain El Remmaneh area to cause a provocation, comparing the incident to the May 7 violence that nearly sparked a civil war in 2008.

The Lebanese Army announced on Thursday evening that a firefight broke out in the area as protesters headed to the Palais de Justice, leading to casualties. The army immediately reinforced its deployment in the area and conducted searches for the shooters, arresting nine people from both sides, including one Syrian citizen. Investigations have begun with the detainees supervised by the judiciary.

“The army command made contacts with the concerned parties on both sides to contain the situation and prevent a slide toward sedition, and the command reiterated its zero tolerance with any armed forces, while army units continue to deploy in the area to prevent renewed clashes,” the Lebanese Army announced.

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Video from the clashes showed gunmen hiding behind cars and garbage cans while firing at buildings and unseen targets. Unarmed civilians could be seen in the area of the clashes.

Many residents who live in the area where the clashes broke out fled due to concerns of escalating tensions and damage. Much material damage was caused in the fighting on Thursday.

Prime Minister Najib Mikati has called for calm and urged the Lebanese people not to be drawn into sedition.

Lebanese Interior Minister Bassam Mawlawi stressed that the fact that people were shot in the head by snipers is inadmissible, adding that all government agencies are doing their part to arrest the perpetrators and bring them to justice. Mawlawi stated as well that the organizers of the protest had confirmed to the ministry that it would be peaceful and called the shooting a “crime.”

Hezbollah and its ally, the Amal movement, accused the Christian Lebanese Forces movement, headed by Samir Gaegea, a strong opponent of Hezbollah, of sniping protesters from the rooftops on Thursday, with the intent to kill, saying the attackers intended to drag Lebanon into “sedition.”

The two Shi’ite movements called on their supporters for calm and on the army and security forces to restore the peace. Hezbollah and Amal called for the arrest and punishment of the perpetrators and those who instigated the violence, adding that their names are already known.

Army soldiers patrol after gunfire erupted, in Beirut, Lebanon October 14, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/MOHAMED AZAKIR)

The two Shi’ite movements called on their supporters for calm, and on the army and security forces to restore the peace. Hezbollah and Amal called for the arrest and punishment of the perpetrators and those who instigated the violence, adding that their names are already known.

The Lebanese Forces denied the claims by Hezbollah, saying the shooting was because of incitement caused by Hezbollah’s leaders against Bitar, and that the claims were an attempt to divert attention from Hezbollah’s invasion into the area.

The movement pointed out that Hezbollah operatives were clearly seen in many videos entering safe neighborhoods with automatic weapons, and stated that the shooting was an attempt to use violence and intimidation to overthrow the investigation into the port explosion.

Despite the calls by Hezbollah for calm, video shared on social media showed multiple convoys of Hezbollah operatives reportedly heading to Beirut with heavy weapons, raising concerns that the violence could escalate.

Later on Thursday afternoon, Gaegea condemned the shooting, saying: “The main reason for these events is the uncontrolled and widespread weapons that threaten citizens at all times and places.”

The Lebanese Forces leader called on the Lebanese government to conduct a “full and thorough investigations” to determine who was responsible for the shooting. “Civil peace is the only wealth left for us in Lebanon… but this requires all of us to cooperate to reach it,” said Gaegea.

Army soldiers are deployed after gunfire erupted in Beirut, Lebanon October 14, 2021. (credit: AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS)

Christian officials made multiple statements on Thursday stressing that the “free people of Lebanon” would not allow Hezbollah to force Bitar out of his position, although many of the officials have clarified that they would not use violence to do so.

Michel Moawad, a resigned Christian MP and son of assassinated Lebanese president René Moawad, told MTV Lebanon on Thursday afternoon that Hezbollah’s behavior was “extremely impudent and provocative” and warned the movement not to “even dare to think that it can frighten us with its rifles and RPGs.”

“We want to continue the battle in the street to confront those who want to destroy Lebanon’s sovereignty and entity, and destroy the judiciary, its independence and civil peace,” Moawad added.

According to the Hezbollah-affiliated Al-Manar news, the protest that had been planned for the morning was meant to “reject the politicization of the investigations into the crime of the Beirut Port explosion, and to denounce the decisions of Judge Tarek Bitar and the American intervention.”

President Michel Aoun stressed that the shooting was “a painful and unacceptable scene, regardless of the reasons and causes.” Aoun expressed his condolences to the families of the victims.

“It is not acceptable for the weapon to return as a language of communication between the Lebanese parties, because we all agreed to turn this dark page of our history,” said Aoun, stressing that the state must be the only valid authority dealing with problems and disputes.

The president stressed that the Council of Ministers must convene quickly in order to find a solution. Aoun added: “Contacts were made with the concerned parties to address what happened, and most importantly to prevent it from happening again, knowing that we will not allow it to happen under any circumstances.”

The Council of Ministers had been set to meet on Wednesday in order to discuss the demands by Hezbollah to remove Bitar from the port blast investigation, but the meeting was postponed indefinitely, reportedly due to an inability to reach an agreement about what to do with the judge.

Aoun confirmed that security forces will protect security, stability and civil peace and warned that the government would “not allow anyone to take the country hostage to their own interests or accounts.”

The president said security forces and the judicial system would follow up on the clashes and that he would ensure the investigation reaches the truth of what happened.

“I assure the Lebanese that the clock will not turn back,” said Aoun. “We are going toward a solution, not toward a crisis. I, in cooperation with the prime minister and the speaker of parliament, will not tolerate and will not surrender to any fait accompli whose goal could be sedition, which all Lebanese reject.”

The incident comes amid heightened concerns of sectarian violence as Hezbollah and its allies obstruct Bitar’s investigation, alleging that the judge is biased and working for political purposes.

Lebanese newspapers on Thursday morning largely featured headlines warning of the collapse of the government and violence in the streets.

Supporters of Lebanese Shi'ite groups Hezbollah and Amal and the Christian Marada movement take part in a protest against Tarek Bitar, the lead judge of the port blast investigation, near the Justice Palace in Beirut (credit: MOHAMED AZAKIR/REUTERS)

A Lebanese court on Thursday dismissed the latest legal complaint brought against the lead investigator of the Beirut Port blast probe, allowing him to resume work, a judicial source and court documents showed.

Lebanese MP Ali Hassan Khalil, an ally of Hezbollah, had filed the complaint after Bitar issued an arrest warrant against him in order to question him regarding the blast.

Khalil told Al-Mayadeen TV on Tuesday that Bitar’s investigation “is unlawful and surpasses many of the protocols that must be followed.” The MP additionally claimed that the judge had met with a foreign delegation minutes after issuing the arrest warrant for Khalil – implying influence by foreign powers.

Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah attacked Bitar on Monday, saying the judge is using the case for political goals and that he does not want to reach the truth about the explosion. Nasrallah also questioned why Bitar questioned only certain ministers and not others.

The MP warned there would be a “political escalation, and perhaps [an escalation] of another kind,” adding, “all possibilities are open,” including taking to the streets.

Khalil claimed the investigation may be part of a regional and internal plan to try to “change balances,” and that he had information indicating the investigation has a goal for a certain political group “at the behest of external parties.” On Wednesday, Hassan Fadlallah, a Hezbollah-affiliated MP, outright accused the US of interfering in the investigation.

Sources from Hezbollah and the Marada Movement told the Lebanese Al-Jadeed TV news that Bitar was preparing to accuse Hezbollah directly of responsibility for the explosion. The sources added that if Bitar is not removed, they will leave the government.

Gaegea called on the “free people of Lebanon” to prepare for a peaceful general strike if Bitar’s opponents attempt to impose their will by force. While Gaegea stressed his statement was not a threat, he added he would never accept a “certain reality” being imposed by force.

The families of the blast victims have warned against replacing or intimidating Bitar, “no matter how high the threat level,” telling officials to “keep [their] hands off the judiciary.”

Former MP Mustapha Allouch warned on Wednesday, in an interview with Voice of Lebanon, that an international investigation is needed, and that the current situation is repeating that of the assassination of former prime minister Rafik Hariri, as Hezbollah feels the threads of the investigation pointing at it.

Reuters contributed to this report.

路撒冷郵報中東

阿拉伯媒體的聲音：科威特與日本的道德

每週精選來自世界各地阿拉伯媒體的意見和分析。

通過針對媒體線

2021 年 10 月 14 日 18:13

突尼斯總統凱斯·賽義德上個月在突尼斯會見了新任總理納吉拉·布登·羅姆丹。

（圖片來源：路透社）

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科威特 VS 日本

道德 科威特 Al-Qabas， 10 月 7 日

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沙特阿拉伯王國正在與時間賽跑，努力大力修改和更新其學校課程，確保它們適合我們的時代和時間。所有這一切都是該王國實現社會現代化並將其轉變為領先的西方國家的努力的一部分。

與此同時，在科威特，事情的發展沒有那麼快。我們的當局拒絕理解社會中的大多數問題都源於教育水平低下。教育影響我們在世界上所做的一切以及我們如何看待和行動。

例如，我們在街上、工作場所，甚至在一些家庭中看到我們周圍的污穢，都是由於教育不當造成的。小偷小摸和破壞國家財產是教育不當造成的。不負責任和魯莽駕駛是教育不當造成的。

為什麼我們的學生沒有接受有關這些問題的教育？為什麼我們的年輕人沒有被教導在路上尊重其他人——行人、騎自行車的人和司機？我學習了16年，工作了，買了車，除了教我開車和一些交通標誌的含義之外，沒有人告訴我如何在路上表現。

在日本學校，如何使用公共和私人交通工具是學生核心課程的一部分。孩子們，即使在他們長大後，也被要求在老師的參與下打掃他們的學校。

當然，參與清潔的想法不僅限於教學生如何清潔，而是要培養對清潔重要性的認識，並尊重管理員、垃圾收集者和家庭清潔工。它是關於傳播謙遜精神和共享人性。

當我在日本時，我看到工人在清掃天皇宮殿的花園。原來，他們都是退休公民，自願參加公共服務，而不是坐在家裡的電視屏幕前。公共服務的概念伴隨著日本兒童的成長，即使在他們生命的最後階段也是如此。

我坐在東京火車的預留位置，戴上耳塞後打開手機。檢查員走到我面前，禮貌地讓我搬到另一輛手推車上，並原諒了我的重罰，因為我在一個禁止使用手機的地方，即使設備處於靜音模式。

開會遲到被認為是最嚴重的罪行之一。會議準時開始，火車準時出發，人們應該互相尊重。

也許我們可以從日本文化中學習一兩件事並將其應用到我們自己的社會中。

– 艾哈邁德·薩拉夫

一位女性領導突尼斯政府

，黎巴嫩安納哈爾， 10 月 8 日

最後，經過漫長的等待，突尼斯總統凱斯·賽義德任命了一位總理：納吉拉·布登·羅姆丹，該國第一位女總理。

這一任命引起了很多關注。突尼斯的大多數政治力量都對這一任命表示歡迎，包括賽義德的政治對手。根據一項民意調查，不少於 67% 的突尼斯受訪者表示他們對布登的任命感到“滿意”。

在某些方面，這項任命的歷史象徵意義比它對突尼斯生活的實際影響更強烈。儘管市場對這一任命反應積極，但布登遠不是能夠解決她的國家當前金融危機的人。

Bouden 的任命是對突尼斯男女權利平等傳統的確認。它與該國第一任總統哈比卜·布爾吉巴 (Habib Bourguiba) 建立的改革主義遺產和進步傳統保持一致。

這一任命激起了大眾的想像，一些人將納伊拉·布登與即將卸任的德國總理安格拉·默克爾相提並論。儘管事實上兩者沒有任何關係，但這種比較反映了對突尼斯更好日子的希望。

對任命的積極態度並不奇怪。大多數突尼斯人最初都願意接受女性擔任共和國總統或政府首腦。

然而，突尼斯人表達的立場並非沒有保留，尤其是在社交媒體平台上活躍的人中，他們對布登的外貌表現出錯誤的興趣，這種興趣在男性政治家中很少表現出來。儘管如此，仍有更嚴重的保留意見，包括一些女性政治人物對布登的角色與前任總理所擁有的權力相比所賦予的權力有限這一事實表達的批評——這意味著她最終不會與他人分享權力。說。

因此，突尼斯新政府面臨的挑戰遠非如此簡單。布登將在10年內成為突尼斯第10任總理。她將需要在政治體系中引入更多的穩定性。新首相可能很難抽出時間設計和實施影響深遠的改革。Bouden 幾乎沒有時間來了解她的新工作。她必須處理緊迫的經濟問題，並與最著名的社會政黨工會以及包括國際貨幣基金組織在內的國外最重要的捐助者達成必要的諒解。

前方的道路不會佈滿玫瑰，但布登在履行職責時遇到的障礙也可能是對她有利的因素。雖然有些人認為，之前缺乏部長或政治責任可能會阻礙布登工作的有效性，但其他人認為，這將使她更受歡迎並被所有政治力量所接受，無論其隸屬關係如何。今天，她的記錄仍然是一張白紙，她會在上面寫下她想要的任何承諾和聲明，即使邏輯要求她不要做出超出她執行能力的承諾。

最終的判斷將基於布登在應對她從前任那裡繼承的危機，特別是前幾屆政府未能緩解的經濟和社會危機方面將取得的成果。

– 奧薩馬·拉馬達尼 (Osama Ramadani)

阿爾及利亞和法國之間的持續危機

埃及，Al-Watan， 10 月 8 日

2007 年，在薩科齊對阿爾及利亞進行為期三天的正式訪問的最後一天，時任法國總統尼古拉·薩科齊（左）和阿爾及利亞時任總統阿卜杜拉齊茲·布特弗利卡在康斯坦丁老城散步時揮手致意。菲利普·沃賈澤爾/路透社）

有很多詞可以用來描述阿爾及利亞和法國的關係，但也許今天最適用的詞是“緊張”和“危機”。

這場危機的表現是豐富的。其中包括埃馬紐埃爾馬克龍總統關於阿爾及利亞國家在法國殖民主義之前不存在這一事實的聲明，以及阿爾及利亞召回其駐巴黎大使並禁止法國在阿爾及利亞領空進行所有軍事飛行的回應。馬克龍在與一群旅法阿爾及利亞僑民、與法國占領合作的“哈基斯”後裔會面時表示，“阿爾及利亞的國家建設是一個值得研究的現象”，然後繼續反問：“在法國殖民之前有阿爾及利亞民族嗎？就是那個問題。”

在阿爾及利亞拒絕接收法國試圖驅逐的 8,000 名阿爾及利亞公民之後，兩國之間爆發了另一場危機。阿爾及利亞駐巴黎領事館拒絕向這些男人和女人簽發旅行證件，直到對每個請求進行單獨審查。法國政府的回應是減少分配給阿爾及利亞人的簽證配額，特別是與政府有聯繫的人。

在這種情況下，阿爾及利亞媒體、阿爾及利亞機構的官方聲明以及普通阿爾及利亞公民的推文中都出現了一種主要的憤怒狀態。

不禁看到，阿爾及利亞和法國之間發生的事情，與阿爾及利亞與鄰國摩洛哥斷交是分不開的，摩洛哥擁抱以色列，背棄巴勒斯坦問題。這在阿爾及利亞參謀長賽義德·成裡哈 (Saïd Chengriha) 的一份聲明中表現得很明顯，他指責摩洛哥和以色列都支持阿爾及利亞的分離主義運動。

阿爾及利亞人民將他們與法國殖民主義的歷史視為爭取自由和獨立的合法民族鬥爭，在這場鬥爭中，由於法國的掠奪、酷刑和監禁政策，他們付出了近 600 萬人死亡和大規模集體痛苦的沉重代價。越來越多的人要求法國明確承認這一歷史和人道主義責任。

然而，正如馬克龍所表達的那樣，法國渴望通過一些象徵性的舉動來結束這個棘手的文件，並以一種限制法國對阿爾及利亞人多年來遭受的大規模不公正承擔的歷史責任的方式改寫歷史。但是歷史應該由專業和公正的事實歷史學家撰寫，而不是由可能被突發奇想和個人利益所蹂躪的黨派政治家撰寫。

——哈桑·阿布·塔利卜

Voices from the Arab press: Kuwaiti vs Japanese morals

A weekly selection of opinions and analyses from the Arab media around the world.

By THE MEDIA LINE

OCTOBER 14, 2021 18:13

TUNISIA’S PRESIDENT Kais Saied meets with newly appointed Prime Minister Najla Bouden Romdhane, in Tunis, last month.

(photo credit: REUTERS)

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KUWAITI VS JAPANESE MORALS

Al-Qabas, Kuwait, October 7

For more stories from The Media Line go to themedialine.org

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is racing against time in an effort to vigorously modify and update its school curricula, ensuring that they are fit for our day and time. All of this is part of the kingdom’s effort to modernize society and turn it into a leading Western country.

Meanwhile, here in Kuwait, things aren’t moving quite as fast. Our authorities refuse to understand that most problems in society stem from poor education. Education affects everything we do and how we view, and act, in the world.

For example, the filth we see around us on the streets, in the workplace, and even in some homes is caused by improper education. Petty thefts and sabotage of state property are caused by improper education. Irresponsible and reckless driving is caused by improper education.

Why is it that our students aren’t educated about these issues? Why are our youth not taught to respect other people – pedestrians, bike riders, and drivers – on the road? I studied for 16 years, worked, and bought a car, and no one ever told me how to behave on the road, other than teaching me how to drive and the meaning of some traffic signs.

In Japanese schools, how to use public and private transportation is part of students’ core curriculum. Children, even after they grow up, are asked to clean their schools, with the participation of their teachers.

The idea of participating in cleaning, of course, is not limited to teaching students how to do it but is, rather, about creating awareness of the importance of cleanliness and respecting custodians, garbage collectors and home cleaners. It’s about spreading the spirit of humility and shared humanity.

When I was in Japan I saw workers sweeping the gardens of the Emperor’s Palace. It turned out that they were all retired citizens who volunteered for public service instead of sitting at home in front of the television screens. The concept of public service accompanies Japanese children as they grow older, even at their latest stages of life.

I sat on a Tokyo train in a reserved spot, turning on my phone after putting on the earbuds. The inspector came up to me and politely asked me to move to another cart, and excused me from the heavy fine, all because I was in a place where the use of a mobile phone was prohibited, even if the device is on silent mode.

Showing up to a meeting late is considered one of the strongest offenses. Meetings start on time, trains leave on time, and people are expected to be respectful of each other.

Perhaps there is a thing or two we can learn from Japanese culture and apply it to our own society.

– Ahmad Al-Sarraf

A WOMAN LEADING TUNISIA’S GOVERNMENT

An-Nahar, Lebanon, October 8

Finally, after a long wait, Tunisian President Kaïs Saïed appointed a prime minister: Najla Bouden Romdhane, the country’s first female prime minister.

The appointment drew a lot of attention. Most political forces in Tunisia welcomed the appointment, including Saïed’s political opponents. According to one poll, no less than 67% of Tunisian respondents indicated that they were “satisfied” with the appointment of Bouden.

The historical symbolism of the appointment is, in some ways, stronger than its practical impact on life in Tunisia. Even though the markets responded positively to the appointment, Bouden is far from the person who will be able to solve her country’s current financial crisis.

Bouden’s appointment is a confirmation of the tradition of equal rights between men and women in Tunisia. It keeps up with the reformist legacy and progressive traditions established by Habib Bourguiba, the country’s first president.

The appointment stirred up the popular imagination, as some compared Najla Bouden to Angela Merkel, the outgoing German chancellor. Despite the fact that the two have nothing to do with each other, the comparison reflected hope for better days for Tunisia.

Positive attitudes toward the appointment were not surprising. There has always been an initial willingness among the majority of Tunisians to accept the ascension of a woman to the presidency of the republic or the head of the government.

However, the positions expressed by Tunisians were not without some reservations, especially among those active on social media platforms, which showed a misplaced interest in Bouden’s external appearance, an interest that is rarely shown when it comes to male politicians. Still, there were more serious reservations, including the criticism expressed by some female political figures around the fact that Bouden’s role was given limited power compared to the power held by previous prime ministers – implying that she wouldn’t, ultimately, be sharing power with Saïed.

Therefore, the challenge at hand will be far from simple for the new Tunisian government. Bouden will become Tunisia’s 10th prime minister in a period of 10 years. She will need to introduce more stability into the political system. It will likely be difficult for the new prime minister to find time to devise and implement far-reaching reforms. Bouden will have little to no time to learn the ropes of her new job. She’ll have to deal with urgent economic issues and achieve the necessary understandings with the most prominent social party, the Labor Union, and with the most important donors abroad, including the International Monetary Fund.

The road ahead will not be strewn with roses, but the obstacles that Bouden will encounter in carrying out her duties may also be factors that work to her advantage. While some see that the lack of previous ministerial or political responsibilities may constitute an obstacle to the effectiveness of Bouden’s work, others believe that this will make her much more popular and accepted by all political forces, regardless of affiliation. Today, her record is still a blank page on which she will draw whatever promises and statements she wants, even if logic calls her not to make promises that exceed her ability to implement.

The final judgment will be based on the results that Bouden will achieve in terms of confronting the crises that she inherited from her predecessors, especially the economic and social crisis that previous governments failed to alleviate.

– Osama Ramadani

AN ONGOING CRISIS BETWEEN ALGERIA AND FRANCE

Al-Watan, Egypt, October 8

DURING BETTER times, Then-French president Nicolas Sarkozy (left) and Algeria’s then-president Abdelaziz Bouteflika wave as they walk in the old city of Constantine on the last day of Sarkozy’s three-day official visit in Algeria, in 2007. (credit: PHILIPPE WOJAZER/REUTERS)

There are many words that can be used to describe Algerian-French relations, but perhaps the ones most applicable today are “tension” and “crisis.”

The manifestations of this crisis are abundant. They include statements by President Emmanuel Macron about the fact that an Algerian nation didn’t exist before French colonialism, and the Algerian response to recall its ambassador from Paris and ban all French military flights in Algerian airspace. In a meeting with a group of Algerian expats residing in France, the descendants of the “Harkis” who cooperated with the French occupation, Macron remarked that the “building of Algeria as a nation is a phenomenon worth studying” and then proceeded to rhetorically ask: “Was there an Algerian nation before French colonization? That is the question.”

Another crisis between the two countries erupted following Algeria’s refusal to receive 8,000 Algerian citizens whom France sought to deport. The Algerian Consulate in Paris refused to issue travel documents to these men and women until each request was examined on an individual basis. The French government responded by reducing the visa quota allocated to Algerians, especially those linked to the government.

In this context, there is a major state of anger that appears in the Algerian media, in the official statements of Algerian institutions, and in the tweets of ordinary Algerian citizens.

One can’t help but see that what is happening between Algeria and France is inseparable from the severing of relations between Algeria and neighboring Morocco, which embraced its ties with Israel and turned its back to the Palestinian issue. This was explicitly evident in a statement made by Algerian Chief of Staff Saïd Chengriha, who accused both Morocco and Israel of backing separatist movements in Algeria.

The Algerian people view their history with French colonialism as a legitimate national struggle for freedom and independence, in which they paid a heavy price of nearly six million deaths and massive collective suffering as a result of the French policies of looting, torture and imprisonment. There is a growing demand for explicit French recognition of this historical and humanitarian responsibility.

However, France, as expressed by Macron, aspires to close this thorny file through some symbolic moves and to rewrite history in a way that limits France’s historical responsibility for the massive injustices that Algerians have been subjected to over the years. But history should be written by professional and fair historians of facts, not by partisan politicians who may be ravaged by whims and their personal interests.

– Hassan Abu Talib

也門人被困，因馬里布地區的激烈戰鬥而流離失所

聯合國周三的一份報告稱，9 月和 10 月，南馬里布有 9 名平民被殺。

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2021 年 10 月 14 日 16:20

2018 年 6 月 6 日，在空襲摧毀也門薩那的一座建築物後的一天，人們走過它。

（圖片來源：KHALED Abdullah/路透社）

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居民和一名當地官員說，數百名也門人被困在馬里布省北部政府和胡塞武裝之間的激烈戰鬥中，上個月爭奪天然氣豐富地區的控制權導致約 10,000 人流離失所。

在與伊朗結盟的胡塞運動取得進展後，由沙特領導的聯盟支持的國際公認政府於週二宣布馬里卜南部為軍事區，該運動也在也門南部的沙布瓦地區取得進展。

聯合國周三的一份報告援引未經證實的初步信息稱，上個月有 6 名平民在擁有油田和也門唯一液化天然氣終端的沙布瓦遇害。它說九月和十月在南馬里布有九名平民被殺。

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馬里卜是 2014 年底被胡塞武裝趕出首都薩那的最後一個北部政府據點，促使聯盟在幾個月後進行干預，結果卻陷入多年的軍事僵局。

由於沙特阿拉伯和胡塞武裝都拒絕妥協以結束長達六年多的戰爭，這場戰爭導致了聯合國稱之為世界上最大的人道主義危機，聯合國領導的全國停火努力陷入停滯。

武裝的胡塞武裝追隨者參加了在薩那也門馬里布與政府軍作戰時喪生的胡塞戰士的葬禮（圖片來源：REUTERS/KHALED ABDULLAH）

聯合國表示，僅上個月就有近 10,000 人在馬里布省流離失所，超過 4,200 人逃離南部的哈里卜、朱巴和拉哈巴地區。

聯合國人道主義事務協調辦公室 (OCHA) 表示，第四個地區 al-Abdiyah 自 9 月 23 日以來一直處於圍困之中，阻礙了平民的流動並阻礙了包括醫療用品在內的人道主義援助流動。

胡塞武裝已在馬里布以西 18 公里（10 英里）處佔據陣地，並正試圖向其他地方推進以包圍該市，該市收容了數十萬國內流離失所者。

這場在中東被視為沙特阿拉伯和伊朗之間的代理人戰爭的衝突已造成數万人死亡，也門 80% 的人口需要人道主義援助。

Yemenis trapped, displaced by fierce fighting in Marib region

A UN report on Wednesdays said nine civilians had been killed in south Marib over September and October.

By REUTERS

OCTOBER 14, 2021 16:20

People walk past a building one day after air strikes destroyed it in Sanaa, Yemen June 6, 2018.

(photo credit: KHALED ABDULLAH/ REUTERS)

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Hundreds of Yemenis are trapped by fierce fighting between government and Houthi forces in the northern Marib governorate, residents and a local official said, after battles for control of the gas-rich region displaced some 10,000 people last month.

The internationally recognized government backed by a Saudi-led coalition declared southern Marib a military zone on Tuesday after gains there by the Iran-aligned Houthi movement, which has also advanced on the Shabwa region in south Yemen.

A UN report on Wednesday cited unconfirmed initial information that six civilians were killed last month in Shabwa, which has oil fields and Yemen's sole liquefied natural gas terminal. It said nine civilians had been killed in south Marib over September and October.

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Marib is the last northern stronghold of the government that was ousted by the Houthis from the capital Sanaa in late 2014, prompting the coalition to intervene months later, only to be mired in years of military stalemate.

UN-led efforts to engineer a nationwide ceasefire have stalled as Saudi Arabia and the Houthis both resist compromise to end more than six years of a war that has caused what the United Nations calls the world's largest humanitarian crisis.

Armed Houthi followers participate in a funeral of Houthi fighters killed in fighting against government forces in Yemen's Marib, in Sanaa (credit: REUTERS/KHALED ABDULLAH)

The United Nations said nearly 10,000 people were displaced in Marib governorate last month alone, with over 4,200 fleeing the southern districts of Harib, al-Jubah and Rahabah.

A fourth district, al-Abdiyah, has been under siege since Sept. 23, hindering movement of civilians and impeding humanitarian aid flows, including medical supplies, said the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

Houthi forces have held positions 18 km (10 miles) west of Marib and are trying to advance elsewhere to encircle the city, which hosts hundreds of thousands of internally displaced people.

The conflict, seen in the Middle East as a proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran, has killed tens of thousands of people and left 80% of Yemen's population needing humanitarian aid.

伊朗稱以色列對敘利亞發動空襲後威脅採取“嚴厲回應”

在一周內第二次據稱的以色列空襲中，一名敘利亞士兵被打死，三人受傷。

通過TZVI JOFFRE

2021 年 10 月 14 日 11:00

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（照片來源：禮貌）

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伊朗民兵警告稱，在周三晚上在敘利亞中部巴爾米拉附近發生的據稱以色列空襲中，一些敘利亞和伊朗支持的部隊被炸死和受傷，這是過去一周內的第二次此類空襲後，伊朗民兵警告稱，將採取“嚴厲回應” 。

敘利亞國家通訊社 SANA 報導說，以色列的一次空襲目標是一座通訊塔和附近的一些地點，造成一名敘利亞士兵死亡，另外三人受傷。一名敘利亞軍方消息人士告訴 SANA，這次襲擊是從約旦和伊拉克與敘利亞接壤的邊界附近的 al-Tanf 地區方向進行的。

空襲前後，戈蘭高地上方的領空禁止飛行，直至週五凌晨 12:15

據真主黨附屬媒體報導，週四上午，伊斯蘭革命衛隊、真主黨和阿薩德政權下屬的一個聯合作戰室警告說，在一些特工在空襲中喪生和受傷後，它已決定對空襲作出嚴厲回應。 . 目前尚不清楚該聲明是否指的是除 SANA 報告之外的人員傷亡。

聯合作戰室強調，其在敘利亞的任務只是幫助敘利亞國家對抗“恐怖分子”和伊斯蘭國。

“多年來，我們一直受到以色列和美國敵人的襲擊，試圖將我們拖入對我們在敘利亞的存在來說不是優先事項的支線戰鬥，而猶太復國主義者的藉口是他們瞄準的是精確的武器和敏感的武器。對其篡奪實體構成威脅的設備，”聯合聲明補充說。

哈馬斯發言人哈茲姆·卡西姆 (Hazem Qassem) 也在周四上午譴責了所謂的以色列空襲，稱其為“公然的侵略和無恥的暴行”。

卡西姆強調，以色列只能通過對抗它、回應它的攻擊、使其為自己的行為“付出代價”並且不允許它強加交戰規則來威懾它。

據 SANA 稱，此次空襲是在以色列對同樣位於巴爾米拉附近的 T-4 機場發動空襲，造成 6 名敘利亞士兵受傷一周後發生的。

Iran threatens 'harsh response' after alleged Israeli airstrike in Syria

One Syrian soldier was killed and three were wounded in the second alleged Israeli airstrike in a week.

By TZVI JOFFRE

OCTOBER 14, 2021 11:00

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Iranian militias warned of a "harsh response" after a number of Syrian and Iranian-backed forces were killed and wounded in an alleged Israeli airstrike near Palmyra in central Syria on Wednesday night, the second such airstrike in the past week.

The Syrian state news agency SANA reported that an Israeli airstrike targeted a communications tower and a number of nearby sites, killing one Syrian soldier and wounding three others. The strike was carried out from the direction of the al-Tanf area near the Jordanian and Iraqi borders with Syria, a Syrian military source told SANA.

Around the time of the airstrike, the airspace above the Golan Heights was closed to flights until Friday at 12:15 a.m.

On Thursday morning, a joint operations room affiliated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, Hezbollah and the Assad regime warned that it has decided to respond harshly to the airstrikes after a number of operatives were killed and wounded in them, according to Hezbollah-affiliated media. It is unclear if the statement was referring to casualties other than those reported by SANA.

The joint operations room stressed that its mission in Syria is only to help the Syrian state to confront "terrorists" and ISIS.

"For years, we have been subjected to attacks from the Israeli and American enemy in an attempt to drag us into side battles that were not a priority for our presence in Syria, and the Zionists’ excuse was that they were targeting accurate weapons and sensitive equipment that posed a threat to their usurping entity," added the joint statement.

Hamas spokesperson Hazem Qassem condemned the alleged Israeli airstrikes on Thursday morning as well, calling them a "blatant aggression and outrageous thuggery."

Qassem stressed that Israel could only be deterred by confronting it, responding to its attacks, making it "pay the price" for its actions and not allowing it to impose the rules of engagement.

The airstrike comes just a week after an alleged Israeli airstrike on the T-4 airport, also near Palmyra, wounded six Syrian soldiers, according to SANA.

伊朗在伊拉克​​選舉中推動“停止偷竊”陰謀-分析

德黑蘭認為華盛頓試圖影響伊拉克選舉，讓人想起俄羅斯在 2016 年干預美國選舉的說法。

作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN

2021 年 10 月 14 日 13:06

2021 年 10 月 10 日，伊拉克巴格達議會選舉期間，一名官員在投票站工作

（圖片來源：REUTERS/THAIER AL-SUDANI）

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伊朗從去年美國選舉後混亂的劇本中汲取了一頁。其塔斯尼姆媒體集團表示，伊拉克最近的選舉受到了操縱，選舉結果應該受到質疑。一位分析師認為，“網絡”可能已被用於以電子方式“控制”流程。

簡而言之，伊朗正在採取行動“停止偷竊”。就像在 2020 年大選之後的美國，當時有人爭辯說投票機收到了選票“傾銷”或其他陰謀被揭穿，伊朗擔心伊拉克發生了一些事情，導致其青睞的候選人表現不如預期。

“有證據表明伊拉克選舉委員會公佈的統計數據發生了變化，其中有些人尋求改變伊拉克的政治極點，而華盛頓同意改變選舉結果，”伊朗人說。媒體報導。

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陰謀很明顯，至少伊朗是這麼認為的。華盛頓一直試圖影響選舉。這讓人想起俄羅斯在 2016 年干預美國大選的說法。伊朗似乎從西方那裡了解到，破壞選舉或其後果的最佳方式是散佈各種謠言和故事。

“這些政黨想在伊拉克建立一個照顧美國的政府，有證據表明，選舉結果是由美國及其盟國通過衛星控制的——而投票結果是到達衛星並重新提交後，”伊朗媒體稱。

伊拉克目前正在進行人工重新計票。五個省份受到影響。塔斯尼姆新聞說，“在伊拉克選舉投票服務器中存在操縱阿聯酋的行為，以支持特定的潮流。” 在這個次要的陰謀中，不僅是華盛頓在填電子選票，海灣也參與其中。

2021 年 10 月 10 日，在巴格達薩德爾市，伊拉克選舉官員的手指打開了啟動伊拉克立法選舉的裝置。（來源：REUTERS/WISSAM AL-OKAILI）

伊拉克有一個新的生物識別選舉系統，旨在減少腐敗。但親伊朗的法塔赫聯盟的表現不如上次選舉。該聯盟由親伊朗的民兵組成，其中許多人參與了 2019 年的鎮壓抗議活動。

“一位知情人士稱，在高級選舉委員會重新計票後，法塔赫聯盟的席位已達到 21 個……而法治聯盟的席位已達到 40 個，”該報告在塔斯尼姆說。 . 事實上，伊朗似乎已經向伊拉克派遣了一些伊斯蘭革命衛隊的重磅成員，以確保重新計票最終達到他們應有的水平——就像伊朗版的坦慕尼大廳一樣。

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“選舉結果危機的解決方案是在政治團體代表在場的情況下手動計算選票，因為阿聯酋已經操縱投票機的服務器來改變結果以支持正在預測的政治團體解散民眾起義，”一位評論員的推文說。“毫無疑問，任何反對人工計票的團體都是選舉舞弊的同謀。”

這意味著伊朗及其特工的方法似乎是通過媒體上的某種“停止偷竊”活動來破壞選舉結果。伊朗及其在伊拉克的盟友隨後要求人工清點，並聲稱不接受這些數據的人參與了欺詐。然後，奇蹟般地，重新計票將為伊朗的盟友找到更多選票。

在 2020 年美國大選之後，主要社交媒體試圖減少猖獗的選舉舞弊陰謀。目前尚不清楚社交媒體是否會同樣打擊伊朗企圖攪亂伊拉克水域的企圖。很清楚的是，伊朗似乎正在準備一場全面的法庭新聞發布會，以改變巴格達的選舉結果，或者至少稍微調整一下以獲得它想要的結果。

據信，伊斯蘭革命衛隊聖城軍已派出一個代表團前往巴格達，該代表團將通過將法塔赫聯盟和努里·馬拉基的國家法律黨等親伊朗團體聚集在一起，組成下一屆伊拉克政府。馬利基在與伊斯蘭國開戰之前管理伊拉克時被視為宗派暴徒。奇怪的是，他當時的殘暴行為在一定程度上受到了華盛頓的鼓勵，在前奧巴馬政府的領導下，華盛頓認為伊拉克需要一個堅強的人。

事實證明，馬利基的“強人”品質只是伊朗的替身，他疏遠了半個國家，將許多人推向了聚集在 ISIS 周圍的遜尼派極端分子手中。他還疏遠了庫爾德人，庫爾德人的自治區隨後尋求進行獨立公投。在基爾庫克可以看到馬利基宗派主義的長長的觸角，在那里安全部隊在選舉後騷擾庫爾德人。

Iran pushes ‘stop the steal’ conspiracy over Iraq election - analysis

Tehran thinks that Washington has sought to influence the Iraqi elections, reminiscent of claims that Russia meddled in US elections in 2016.

By SETH J. FRANTZMAN

OCTOBER 14, 2021 13:06

An official works at a polling station during the parliamentary election, in Baghdad, Iraq, October 10, 2021

(photo credit: REUTERS/THAIER AL-SUDANI)

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Iran has taken a page from the playbook of post-election chaos in the US last year. Its Tasnim media group has said that Iraq’s recent elections have been manipulated and that the results of the elections should be called into question. An analyst has argued that “cyber” may have been used to “control” the process electronically.

In short, Iran is moving to “stop the steal.” Much like in the US after the election in 2020 when some argued that voting machines had received ballot “dumps” or other conspiracies were trotted out, Iran is concerned that something happened in Iraq that led to its favored candidates not performing as well as expected.

"There is evidence of a change in the statistics announced by the Iraq Elections Commission, and among them there are those who seek to change the political pole of Iraq in their favor with the agreement of Washington to change the outcome of the election,” Iranian media reported.

The conspiracy is clear, or so Iran thinks. Washington has sought to influence the elections. This is reminiscent of claims that Russia meddled in US elections in 2016. Iran has learned, it seems from the West, that the best way to undermine elections or the aftermath of them is to spread various rumors and stories.

"These parties want to establish a government that looks after the United States in Iraq, and the evidence shows that the election results are controlled by the United States and its allies via satellite – and the voting results after reaching the satellite and resubmitting it,” Iranian media said.

Manual recounts are now under way in Iraq. Five provinces have been affected. Tasnim News says that there was “manipulation of the UAE in the Iraqi election voting servers in favor of a particular current.” In this secondary conspiracy it is not just the hands of Washington stuffing electronic ballots, but the Gulf is also involved.

The finger of an Iraqi election official opens a device to start the legislative elections in Iraq, in Sadr City, Baghdad, October 10, 2021. (credit: REUTERS/WISSAM AL-OKAILI)

IRAQ HAS a new biometric election system that is designed to cut down on corruption. But the pro-Iranian Fatah Alliance did not perform as well as it did in the last elections. The alliance is made up of pro-Iran militias, many of whom were involved in suppressing protests in 2019.

“An informed source said that after the recount of votes by the High Electoral Commission, the seats of the Al-Fatah coalition have reached 21… and the seats of the State of Law coalition have reached 40,” the report says in Tasnim. Indeed, it seems Iran has sent some of its IRGC heavies to Iraq to make sure the recounts end up as they should – like Iran’s version of Tammany Hall.

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"The solution to the crisis of the election results is for the votes to be counted manually in the presence of representatives of political groups, as the UAE has manipulated the servers of the voting machines to change the results in favor of political groups that are projecting to dissolve the popular uprising," a tweet by one commentator said. “Undoubtedly, any group that opposes the manual counting of votes is complicit in the election fraud.”

This means that the method of Iran and its operatives appears to be to undermine the election results through a sort of “stop the steal” campaign in the media. Iran and its allies in Iraq then demand manual counts and claim those who don’t accept them are involved in fraud. Then, miraculously, the recounts will find more votes for Iran’s allies.

In the aftermath of the US election in 2020, major social media outlets attempted to reduce the conspiracies about election fraud that were running rampant. It is unclear whether social media will similarly clamp down on Iran’s attempt to muddy the waters in Iraq. What is clear is that Iran seems to be preparing a full court press to alter the election results in Baghdad, or at least tweak them a bit to get the results it wants.

It is believed that the IRGC Quds Force has sent a delegation to Baghdad which will work to form the next Iraqi government by bringing together the pro-Iranian groups like Fatah Alliance and Nouri al-Malaki’s State of Law Party. Maliki was viewed as a sectarian thug when he ran Iraq prior to the war on ISIS. Oddly, his thuggish behavior at the time was encouraged partly by Washington which, under the former Obama administration, believed Iraq needed a strong man.

It turned out Maliki’s “strong man” qualities were merely a stand-in for Iran and he alienated half the country, driving many into the hands of the Sunni extremists who gathered around ISIS. He also alienated Kurds, whose autonomous region then sought an independence referendum. The long tentacles of Maliki’s sectarianism can be seen in Kirkuk where security forces harassed Kurds after the election.