蘇老師的國際新聞導覽及中東中亞的歷史故事 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia
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2022.01.31 國際新聞導讀-以色列總統訪問阿布達比、葉門胡賽武裝攻擊阿聯大公國與沙烏地、美國援助黎巴嫩軍方6700萬美元
Manage episode 319101723 series 2948782
2022.01.31 國際新聞導讀-以色列總統訪問阿布達比、葉門胡賽武裝攻擊阿聯大公國與沙烏地、美國援助黎巴嫩軍方6700萬美元
在阿布扎比大清真寺,赫爾佐格說該地區有一個選擇:和平還是伊朗的恐怖
總統以參觀具有里程碑意義的禮拜堂結束對阿聯酋的歷史性訪問,稱訪問顯示了未來“美好未來”的潛力
拉扎爾·伯曼 今天,下午 5 點 23 分
艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統和第一夫人米哈爾·赫爾佐格參觀阿布扎比的謝赫扎耶德大清真寺,2022 年 1 月 31 日 (Amos Ben Gershom/GPO)
在周一訪問阿布扎比的謝赫扎耶德大清真寺期間,總統艾薩克赫爾佐格表示,中東在可能的未來中做出了嚴峻的選擇,在希望與和平與德黑蘭領導的混亂之間進行選擇。
“這個地區只有兩種選擇,”他站在阿拉伯聯合酋長國首都的清真寺外說。伊朗正在這樣做,這正在破壞該地區的穩定,並利用其代理人進行恐怖活動。這是兩種選擇,這次訪問象徵著我們國家、地區和整個世界的希望、和平和美好未來。”
前一天晚上,阿聯酋宣布擊落了一枚由伊朗支持的胡塞恐怖組織向其發射的彈道導彈。
赫爾佐格和他的妻子米哈爾以清真寺之旅結束了他們對阿聯酋的歷史性訪問。
第一夫人得到了一件定制的傳統長袍,總統在清真寺的留言簿上簽字。然後,他們參觀了清真寺的建築和建築。
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赫爾佐格將他的旅行總結為“非常感人、具有歷史意義且令人興奮”。
週一早些時候,赫爾佐格在 2020 年迪拜世博會上宣布以色列國慶日開幕,並表示以色列人與阿聯酋一樣“高度重視與獨創性結合的宗教信仰”。
總統說:“阿聯酋的部分新穎之處在於創新精神和前瞻性思維方式的結合,以及對光榮的穆斯林傳統的深切尊重。”
艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統和第一夫人米哈爾·赫爾佐格參觀了阿布扎比的謝赫扎耶德大清真寺,2022 年 1 月 31 日(Amos Ben Gershom/GPO)
“我們欽佩你制定的路線,”他宣稱。
赫爾佐格和第一夫人在迪拜世博會上受到儀仗隊的歡迎,隨後在現場的中央廣場升起以色列國旗並奏響以色列國歌“Hatikvah”。
赫爾佐格在一次演講中說:“以色列是一個障礙變成機遇的國家,不可能的就是誘人的挑戰。” “這個展館為我們提供的服務提供了非凡的體驗——從水技術和可持續農業到公共衛生,再到智慧城市和循環經濟的開創性解決方案。”
他稱這個展館是“國家之間合作的實際展示,展示了我們都可以想像的未來。當阿聯酋及其領導人大膽簽署歷史性的亞伯拉罕協議時,這種想像就在這裡變成了現實。”
艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統和第一夫人米哈爾會見迪拜統治者謝赫·穆罕默德·本·拉希德·阿勒馬克圖姆,2021 年 1 月 31 日(Amos Ben Gershom/GPO)
赫爾佐格用阿拉伯語結束了他的講話,他說:“願上帝保佑你,賜予你長壽。非常感謝你。”
阿聯酋寬容與共存部長兼 2020 年迪拜世博會專員謝赫·納哈揚·本·穆巴拉克·阿勒納哈揚在赫爾佐格面前發表講話時說:“以色列可以在我們的全球平台上提供很多東西。”
參觀完以色列館後,赫爾佐格會見了迪拜的統治者謝赫·穆罕默德·本·拉希德·阿勒馬克圖姆。
據總統辦公室稱,兩人討論了貿易、投資、旅遊和創新領域的雙邊關係。
以色列和阿聯酋於 2020 年在美國斡旋的亞伯拉罕協議中建立了聯繫,將十多年的秘密接觸公之於眾,自那時以來,兩國關係蓬勃發展。
赫爾佐格和他的妻子於週日早上抵達阿布扎比,這是以色列總統對阿聯酋的首次正式訪問。
2022 年 1 月 30 日,艾薩克·赫爾佐格總統(左)在阿布扎比與阿聯酋拉比 Levi Duchman 交談。(猶太阿聯酋)
赫爾佐格在周日晚上與猶太領導人會面時表示感謝阿聯酋強大的王儲謝赫穆罕默德·本·扎耶德(Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed)——被稱為 MBZ——稱阿聯酋的事實上的統治者是“一位大膽的領導人,一位了不起的領導人,我今天和他共度了幾個小時。我從他們身上汲取了巨大的靈感。”
總統還感謝前總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡、美國前總統唐納德·特朗普和巴林國王哈米德·本·伊薩·阿勒哈利法促成了亞伯拉罕協議。
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阿聯酋猶太委員會的高級拉比埃利·阿巴迪拉比告訴《以色列時報》,“歷史上第一次在阿拉伯國家看到以色列國總統令人激動。”
當天早些時候,赫爾佐格與 MBZ 會面了兩個多小時。
之後,賓扎耶德邀請赫爾佐格在他的私人宮殿進行一次計劃外的後續個人會議。
總統和第一夫人受到阿聯酋外交部長謝赫·阿卜杜拉·本·扎耶德的熱烈歡迎,其中包括兩國國歌的演奏和 21 響禮炮。隨後,他們召開了工作會議,隨後與赫爾佐格代表團成員共進午餐。
在從以色列出發的旅途中,總統的專機飛越了沙特阿拉伯,這是一個與以色列沒有正式外交關係的強大的遜尼派國家。據赫爾佐格的辦公室介紹,他進入駕駛艙觀看了沙特沙漠,並表示:“毫無疑問,這確實是一個非常感人的時刻。”
12 月,作為以色列總理首次正式訪問阿聯酋的一部分,納夫塔利·貝內特總理在後者位於阿布扎比的宮殿會見了 MBZ。6 月,以色列外交部長 Yair Lapid 正式為以色列駐阿聯酋大使館揭牌。
據貝內特辦公室稱,本扎耶德預計將應總理邀請訪問以色列。
At Abu Dhabi Grand Mosque, Herzog says region has a choice: Peace or Iranian terror
President concludes historic trip to UAE with tour of landmark house of worship, says visit shows potential of ‘great future’ ahead
By LAZAR BERMAN Today, 5:23 pm
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President Isaac Herzog and First Lady Michal Herzog tour the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, January 31, 2022 (Amos Ben Gershom/ GPO)
During a visit to the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi on Monday, President Isaac Herzog said the Middle East had a stark choice of possible futures, between one of hope and peace and another of Tehran-led chaos.
“There are only two alternatives for this region,” he said, standing outside the mosque in the capital of the United Arab Emirates.”One is peace, prosperity, cooperation, joint investments and a beautiful horizon for the people, or alternatively, what Iran is doing, which is destabilizing the region and using its proxies to employ terror. These are the two alternatives, and this visit symbolizes hope, peace, and a great future for our nations, the region, and the world at large.”
The night before, the UAE announced it shot down a ballistic missile fired at it by the Iran-backed Houthi terrorist group.
Herzog and his wife, Michal, concluded their historic visit to the UAE with the mosque tour.
The first lady was presented with a bespoke traditional robe, and the president signed the mosque guest book. They were then given a tour explaining the mosque’s architecture and construction.
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Herzog summarized his trip as “very moving, historic, and exciting.”
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Earlier Monday, Herzog opened Israel national day at Expo 2020 Dubai, saying that Israelis share Emiratis’ “high regard for religious faith bound with ingenuity.”
“Part of the novelty of the UAE is the combination of an innovative spirit and forward-thinking approach, with deep respect for the glorious Muslim tradition,” the president said.
President Isaac Herzog and First Lady Michal Herzog tour the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, January 31, 2022 (Amos Ben Gershom/GPO)
“We admire the course you have charted,” he declared.
Herzog and the first lady were welcomed at the Dubai expo with an honor guard, followed by the raising of Israel’s flag at the site’s central plaza and the playing of “Hatikvah,” Israel’s national anthem.
“Israel is a country in which obstacles become opportunities, and where the impossible is a tantalizing challenge,” Herzog said in a speech. “This pavilion has provided a phenomenal taste of what we have to offer — from water tech and sustainable agriculture to public health to smart cities and groundbreaking solutions for a circular economy.”
He called the pavilion “a practical display of cooperation between nations, of the future we can all imagine. This imagination turned into reality right here, when the UAE and its leaders daringly signed the historic Abraham Accords.”
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President Isaac Herzog and First Lady Michal meet with Dubai’s ruler, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, January 31, 2021 (Amos Ben Gershom/GPO)
Herzog concluded his remarks in Arabic, saying, “May God bless you and grant you long lives. Thank you very much.”
Speaking before Herzog, Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan, the UAE’s tolerance and coexistence minister and Expo 2020 Dubai commissioner-general, said, “Israel has much to offer on our global platform.”
After his visit to the Israeli pavilion, Herzog met with Dubai’s ruler, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.
According to the president’s office, the two men discussed the bilateral relationship in trade, investment, tourism, and innovation.
Israel and the UAE forged ties in the United States-brokered Abraham Accords in 2020, bringing over a decade of covert contacts into the open, and have seen their relationship flourish since then.
Herzog and his wife landed in Abu Dhabi on Sunday morning for the first-ever official visit by an Israeli president to the UAE.
President Isaac Herzog (L) speaks with UAE Rabbi Levi Duchman in Abu Dhabi, January 30, 2022. (Jewish UAE)
Meeting with Jewish leaders Sunday night, Herzog expressed his thanks to the UAE’s powerful Crown Prince Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed — known as MBZ — calling the UAE’s de facto ruler “a bold leader, an amazing leader with whom I spent a few hours today and from whom I drew immense inspiration.”
The president also thanked former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, former US president Donald Trump, and Bahrain’s King Hamid bin Isa al Khalifa for bringing about the Abraham Accords.
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Rabbi Elie Abadie, senior rabbi of the Jewish Council of the Emirates, told The Times of Israel that “it was emotional to see the president of the State of Israel here in an Arab country for the first time in history.”
Earlier in the day, Herzog met with MBZ for over two hours.
Afterward, Bin Zayed invited Herzog for an unscheduled follow-up personal meeting at his private palace.
The president and first lady were given a festive welcome by the UAE’s Foreign Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed, which included the playing of both countries’ national anthems, and a 21-gun salute. Afterward, they held a working meeting, then had lunch with members of Herzog’s delegation.
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During the journey from Israel, the president’s plane flew over Saudi Arabia, a powerful Sunni state with which Israel does not have formal diplomatic relations. According to Herzog’s office, he entered the cockpit to view the Saudi desert, and remarked: “Without a doubt, this is truly a very moving moment.”
In December, Prime Minister Naftali Bennett met with MBZ at the latter’s palace in Abu Dhabi, as part of the first official visit by an Israeli premier to the UAE. In June, Foreign Minister Yair Lapid officially inaugurated Israel’s embassy in the UAE.
According to Bennett’s office, bin Zayed is expected to visit Israel at the prime minister’s invitation.
PA:布林肯說美國將重新開放領事館;拒絕定居點,定居者暴力
今天,晚上 8 點 58 分
巴勒斯坦權力機構的官方喉舌說,美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯告訴巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯,美國“拒絕”定居者對巴勒斯坦人的定居點和襲擊。
據 WAFA 稱,布林肯告訴阿巴斯,美國也反對拆遷和驅逐房屋,美國致力於重新開放其在耶路撒冷的領事館。
他說他將與美國總統喬拜登談論“巴勒斯坦人面臨的挑戰和困難”,WAFA 說。
阿巴斯告訴 Blinken,“目前的情況是不可持續的,”WAFA 說,並列舉了阿巴斯給 Blinken 帶來的一系列問題,從定居點活動到“以色列對巴勒斯坦國土地的佔領”,再到囚犯權利,聖殿山/阿克薩清真寺大院和稅收減免以抵消拉馬拉支付給因襲擊以色列人和遇害襲擊者家屬而入獄的巴勒斯坦人的款項。
美國國務院沒有立即公佈兩人之間的通話。
非洲聯盟在軍事政變後暫停布基納法索
該國已經被西非地區集團西非國家經濟共同體暫停。
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發佈時間: 2022 年 1 月 31 日 20:57
更新時間: 2022 年 1 月 31 日 20:59
2022 年 1 月 31 日,西非經共體委員會主席讓-克洛德·布魯在布基納法索瓦加杜古會見被罷免總統羅赫·卡博雷和布基納法索新軍事統治者保羅-亨利·達米巴中校後對記者發表講話。
(圖片來源:ZOHRA BENSEMRA/REUTERS)
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非盟週一表示,非洲聯盟已暫停布基納法索的所有活動,以應對上週的軍事政變,直到恢復憲法秩序為止。
布基納法索已經被西非區域集團西非國家經濟共同體暫停,儘管西非經共體在 1 月 24 日政變推翻總統羅赫·卡博雷後沒有實施制裁。
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加納外交部長兼瓦加杜古代表團團長雪莉·艾約克·博奇韋說,西非經共體代表團週一會見了卡博雷,發現他“精神狀態良好”。
Ayorkor Botchway 告訴記者,這位被罷免的總統看起來很好,可以看醫生,並允許家人探視,但沒有說明會議地點。此前,自他被推翻以來,沒有任何關於他的下落或狀況的信息被披露。
她說,代表團還會見了政變領導人,包括新任國家元首保羅-亨利·達米巴中校,討論安全和政治過渡。
西非國家經濟共同體 (ECOWAS) 駐布基納法索代表團團長 Shirley Ayorkor Botchway 和西非經共體委員會主席 Jean-Claude Brou 在與被罷免的總統 Roch Kabore 和布基納法索的新軍事統治者會面後對記者發表講話法索中尉(圖片來源:ZOHRA BENSEMRA/REUTERS)
“他們似乎對這些提議非常開放,對我們來說這是一個好兆頭,”Ayorkor Botchway 說。“我們的立場是過渡時間應該很短,以便布基納法索能夠迅速恢復憲政秩序。”
去年,非盟和西非經共體在軍事接管後暫停了另外兩個成員馬里和幾內亞。布基納法索的政變是西非 18 個月內的第四次政變,其中兩次發生在馬里。
儘管地區領導人和盟友譴責政變,他們擔心政變會進一步破壞被伊斯蘭暴力困擾的國家的穩定,但他們發現自己的影響力有限。
以達米巴為首的政變分子自稱是保衛和恢復愛國運動(MPSR),週一發布了一份初步憲章,規定了基本權利,並在過渡政府成立時將 MPSR 確立為中央權力機構。
在國家電視台發表的一份聲明中,MPSR 宣布達米巴為布基納法索總統和武裝部隊負責人,並將陸軍參謀長和國家情報機構負責人免職。
聲明說,除了與新憲章相抵觸的任何部分外,這些官員在奪權時暫停的憲法已經恢復。
Ayorkor Botchway 說,西非經共體代表團將報告這次訪問,週四將與地區國家元首舉行另一次會議。
African Union suspends Burkina Faso after military coup
The country had already been suspended from the West African regional bloc, the Economic Community of West African States.
By REUTERS
Published: JANUARY 31, 2022 20:57
Updated: JANUARY 31, 2022 20:59
ECOWAS Commission President Jean-Claude Brou speaks to journalists after their delegation met with ousted president Roch Kabore and the new military ruler of Burkina Faso, Lieutenant Colonel Paul-Henri Damiba, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso January 31, 2022.
(photo credit: ZOHRA BENSEMRA/REUTERS)
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The African Union has suspended Burkina Faso from all its activities in response to last week's military coup, effective until constitutional order is restored, the AU said on Monday.
Burkina Faso had already been suspended from the West African regional bloc, the Economic Community of West African States, though ECOWAS stopped short of imposing sanctions after the January 24 coup that deposed President Roch Kabore.
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An ECOWAS delegation on Monday met with Kabore and found him "in good spirits", said Shirley Ayorkor Botchway, Ghana's foreign minister and head of the mission to Ouagadougou.
The ousted president looks well, has access to his doctors and is allowed visits from his family, Ayorkor Botchway told journalists, without saying where the meeting took place. Previously, no information had been disclosed about his whereabouts or condition since he was toppled.
The delegation also met with the coup leaders including the new head of state, Lieutenant Colonel Paul-Henri Damiba, to discuss security and the political transition, she said.
卡塔爾尋求歐盟保證緊急天然氣留在歐盟內
卡塔爾還要求歐盟在 2018 年對其長期合同進行調查。
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發佈時間: 2022-01-31 14:47
地中海的海上天然氣鑽井平台
(圖片來源:古斯塔夫納卡里諾/路透社)
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一位知情人士說,如果希望卡塔爾和其他主要天然氣供應商在俄羅斯與烏克蘭發生衝突時提供緊急供應,最大的天然氣生產國卡塔爾正在要求歐盟限制在歐盟以外的天然氣轉售。
消息人士告訴路透社,卡塔爾還要求歐盟在 2018 年對其長期合同進行調查,歐盟委員會曾表示,這可能會抑制歐洲及其單一天然氣市場的天然氣自由流動。
卡塔爾提出的要求涉及歐盟天然氣市場自由化的核心。歐盟認為完全自由的天然氣貿易對能源安全至關重要,但主要生產商和一些天然氣消費者表示,過去二十年的改革經常造成嚴重破壞並導致價格上漲。
美國擔心俄羅斯正準備入侵烏克蘭,並在最近幾週要求卡塔爾和其他主要天然氣生產國研究如果俄羅斯的天然氣供應中斷,他們是否可以向歐洲供應額外的天然氣。
莫斯科在其鄰國附近集結了約 12 萬士兵,否認入侵烏克蘭的計劃,並指責西方加劇緊張局勢。
2009 年 1 月 12 日,位於利沃夫以西 120 公里(75 英里)的 Drozdovychi 定居點,靠近烏克蘭和波蘭邊境的加油站全景(圖片來源:Vitaliy Hrabar/Reuters)
俄羅斯供應歐洲約三分之一的天然氣,任何中斷都會加劇由全球石油和天然氣短缺造成的現有能源危機。
儘管卡塔爾缺乏足夠的備用天然氣,但它已表示願意在美國的調解下從亞洲轉移部分天然氣。
據消息人士和另一位了解此類討論的人士稱,多哈尚未提出轉移貨運的要求。
長期合同
卡塔爾埃米爾謝赫塔米姆·本·哈馬德·阿勒薩尼和美國總統喬·拜登本週將在華盛頓舉行會談,討論歐洲可能的緊急物資供應。
過去一周,多哈也向歐盟提出了要求,埃米爾已與歐盟委員會主席烏爾蘇拉·馮德萊恩進行了交談。歐盟委員會表示,不會對與國際合作夥伴就天然氣供應進行討論的細節發表評論。
“卡塔爾的供應不會以請求為條件。但需要處理這些問題,以確保歐洲液化天然氣危機的長期和短期解決方案,”消息人士稱。
多哈還希望歐盟解決其對卡塔爾長期合同的長期調查。
“這將確保歐盟能夠與卡塔爾和其他國家簽訂長期合同,而不是成本更高的現貨合同或在危機期間尋求短期解決方案,”消息人士稱。
多哈還希望歐盟保證成員國僅在歐盟內部轉移任何過剩的液化天然氣。
消息人士稱:“如果不實施,緊急向歐盟發貨的貨物可能會作為現貨轉售,從歐盟獲利,這基本上會延長歐盟的能源短缺。”
“這些解決方案不僅僅適用於卡塔爾。這真的是為了確保歐洲無論是卡塔爾還是其他國家都有解決方案的可能性,”消息人士說。
西方外交官稱,決定伊朗能否達成協議的時間不多了
他們說,在談判開始近 10 個月後——伊朗強加了五個月的休息時間——最棘手的問題仍然存在。
拉哈夫·哈爾科夫,路透社
發佈時間: 2022-01-29 21:34
更新時間: 2022-01-29 22:35
2020 年 9 月 1 日,伊朗首席核談判代表阿巴斯·阿拉基 (Abbas Aragchi) 出席了在奧地利維也納舉行的 JCPOA 聯合委員會會議。
(圖片來源:路透社)
廣告
歐洲外交官週五表示,美國和伊朗重返2015 年核協議的談判已接近必須做出決定或該協議將不再可挽救的地步,因為談判小組返回其首都進行磋商。
“1 月是迄今為止這些會談中最密集的時期,”來自美國國務院和 E3(法國、英國和德國)的談判代表在維也納第八輪會談結束時的一份聲明中表示。“每個人都知道我們正在進入最後階段,這需要政治決策。”
白宮國家安全委員會中東協調員布雷特麥格克週四表示,“我們正在達成一項可能的協議……[但]這些談判也很有可能很快破裂。”
西方外交官表示,伊朗在濃縮和儲存鈾的同時,在重啟聯合全面行動計劃方面的談判進展太慢,而且在該協議的限制被不可逆轉地掏空之前,還要持續數周而不是數月。
他們說,在談判開始近 10 個月後——伊朗強加了五個月的休息時間——最棘手的問題仍然存在。
2016 年 11 月 6 日,美國駐約旦安曼大使館舉行的新聞發布會上,美國反伊斯蘭國聯盟特使布雷特麥格克發表講話。(來源:REUTERS/MUHAMMAD HAMED)
一位法國總統官員告訴記者,主要癥結包括伊朗正在尋求確保美國不會第二次退出該協議的保證。
“今天的談判仍然很困難,因為需要澄清保證問題以及將伊朗核計劃重新置於控制之下的方式,但有一些跡象表明談判可以[積極]結束,”這位官員說。
伊朗要求美國承諾其下一任總統不會退出 JCPOA,該協議本應持續到 2030 年底。然而,美國法律不允許現任總統決定下一任總統的外交政策,尤其是因為核協議不是國會批准的條約。
談判中的其他問題之一是排序,這意味著通過將過量濃縮鈾運往國外等措施,解除制裁和實施核限制的順序。伊朗認為,在宣布解除制裁後恢復經濟活動,是對解除制裁的核查,也是交易的一部分。
伊朗拒絕與美國直接談判,要求歐盟、歐洲三國、俄羅斯和中國在伊朗和美國代表團之間來回走動,這也使談判放緩。
“與會者將返回首都進行磋商和指示…… [但] 現在需要做出政治決定,”維也納會談的協調員、歐盟的恩里克·莫拉在推特上寫道。
另一份歐盟聲明稱,談判將於下週恢復。
JCPOA限制了伊朗的核計劃,同時逐步解除制裁。美國於 2018 年退出該協議,並增加了更多製裁以向德黑蘭政權施壓,德黑蘭政權在此期間繼續在整個中東地區進行代理人戰爭。此後,伊朗將鈾濃縮至 60%,遠遠超出 JCPOA 的限制,達到 90% 的武器級濃縮鈾。
美國國家安全顧問傑克沙利文週三在與以色列同行埃亞爾胡拉塔的電話中表示,“如果外交失敗,美國正在與合作夥伴協調,準備替代方案。”
任何政治決定將在多大程度上加速談判還有待觀察。俄羅斯最高特使米哈伊爾·烏里揚諾夫經常是最樂觀的代表,他在推特上寫道:“我的直覺告訴我,2 月中旬之後很快就會達成協議。”
國際原子能機構預計將於 2 月中旬發布關於伊朗核計劃的下一份報告,該報告涉及在伊朗四個地點發現的幾十年前的核材料,該政權尚未對此提供令人信服的解釋。
下一次 IAEA 董事會會議定於 3 月 7 日舉行。伊朗一再利用 JCPOA 談判作為籌碼,以避免該機構董事會因阻撓檢查和違反核協議而受到譴責。
美國計劃將 6700 萬美元的援助資金重新分配給黎巴嫩武裝部隊
由於黎巴嫩 600 萬人口中有一半以上陷入貧困,美國正計劃為黎巴嫩武裝部隊提供 6700 萬美元的軍事援助。
路透社_
發佈時間: 2022 年 1 月 29 日 06:44
更新時間: 2022 年 1 月 29 日 06:46
2021 年 10 月 14 日,黎巴嫩貝魯特發生槍擊事件後,陸軍士兵被部署。
(圖片來源:AZIZ TAHER/REUTERS)
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美國計劃為黎巴嫩武裝部隊提供 6700 萬美元的軍事援助,以支持該國應對金融危機的軍隊成員。
根據發給國會的通知,國務院打算改變先前撥給黎巴嫩的外國軍事資金的內容,以包括對黎巴嫩軍隊成員的“生計支持”,理由是經濟動盪和社會動盪。
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“對(武裝部隊)成員的生計支持將加強他們的行動準備,減少曠工,從而使 LAF 成員能夠繼續履行避免穩定性進一步下降所需的關鍵安全職能,”路透社看到的給國會的通知說。
華盛頓是黎巴嫩最大的外援捐助國。美國官員已在 10 月份承諾提供更多支持。
這一消息在華盛頓受到讚揚。“幫助這些軍人維持生計並繼續支持黎巴嫩人民符合美國的國家安全利益,我很高興看到政府將我們的安全援助資金投入到黎巴嫩實現這一目標,”民主黨參議員克里斯墨菲在一份聲明中說。
來自康涅狄格州的民主黨參議員克里斯·墨菲(Chris Murphy)於 6 月 30 日在美國華盛頓特區舉行的參議院衛生、教育、勞工和養老金委員會聽證會上就冠狀病毒病 (COVID-19) 爆發期間重返工作和學校的努力發表講話, 2020 年。(圖片來源:AL DRAGO/REUTERS)
遜尼派穆斯林領袖薩阿德·哈里裡本周宣布離開黎巴嫩政壇,為什葉派真主黨擴大其在該國的影響力開闢了道路。
哈里裡的離開開啟了黎巴嫩政治的新階段,該階段由教派權力分享制度管理,並增加了這個遭受金融危機的國家的不確定性,這標誌著自 1975-90 年內戰以來對穩定的最大威脅。
黎巴嫩 600 萬人口中有一半以上陷入貧困。世界銀行表示,這是現代最嚴重的蕭條之一,貨幣暴跌超過 90%,金融體系陷入癱瘓。
黎巴嫩貨幣貶值,壓低了士兵的工資,安全部隊的不滿情緒一直在醞釀。許多人接受了額外的工作,有些人已經辭職。
庫爾德領導人能否彌合伊拉克的政治鴻溝?- 分析
Nechirvan Barzani 是一位重要的領導人,經常被描繪成和藹可親、博學多才、善於談判的人,他更喜歡妥協和外交而不是緊張局勢。
塞思·J·弗蘭茨曼
發佈時間: 2022-01-31 11:30
2019 年 8 月 21 日,庫爾德自由鬥士部隊在伊拉克埃爾比勒的一個軍營參加畢業典禮。
(圖片來源:路透社/AZAD LASHKARI)
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伊拉克庫爾德自治區自治政府總理在阿聯酋一周後,庫爾德自治區主席內奇爾萬巴爾扎尼前往納傑夫進行重要訪問,試圖為伊拉克帶來一個新的聯合政府。
10 月在伊拉克舉行的選舉中,穆克塔達·薩德爾的政黨在議會中獲得了 73 個席位。但該國在與庫爾德人、遜尼派和什葉派有關的教派政黨之間存在很大分歧。庫爾德斯坦民主黨領袖馬蘇德·巴爾扎尼稱讚其侄子內奇爾萬的此行,希望能給伊拉克帶來穩定。
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Nechirvan Barzani 是一位重要的領導人,經常被描繪成和藹可親、博學多才、善於談判的人,他更喜歡妥協和外交而不是緊張局勢。自 2017 年公投以來,他一直在處理庫爾德地區的複雜情況。
該地區遭遇挫折,土耳其在山區空襲土耳其所說的“恐怖分子”,以及親伊朗民兵對 KRG 首都埃爾比勒的襲擊。
現在 Nechirvan Barzani 將在納傑夫與包括薩德爾在內的關鍵人物會面。據信,該倡議是在庫爾德斯坦民主黨領袖、著名庫爾德領導人馬蘇德·巴爾扎尼 (Masoud Barzani) 的決定之後做出的。
伊拉克庫爾德人在示威期間揮舞著伊拉克庫爾德斯坦的旗幟(圖片來源:SAFIN HAMED / AFP)
這個故事中的巴爾扎尼人都是有關聯的,馬斯魯爾是馬蘇德的兒子,內奇爾萬是馬蘇德的侄子。因此,該政治家族在上週尋求解決重要問題,其中之一是組建聯盟以穩定伊拉克,並加強與阿聯酋的關係,這也可能穩定庫爾德地區和伊拉克。
這很重要。伊拉克是本地區重要國家,但也曾遭遇挫折。在與伊斯蘭國的戰爭之後,該國需要巨額投資。然而,親伊朗民兵的存在阻礙了它。這些民兵能夠在 2018 年成為正式的準軍事部隊。這些民兵名為 Hashd al-Shaabi,然後在 2019 年開始了對美軍的襲擊。
美國在 2019 年和 2020 年從伊拉克的許多設施中撤出,同時,美國殺死了為 Hashd 提供建議和合作的伊朗指揮官 Qasem Soleimani。哈希德隨後在機場的埃爾比勒對美國發動襲擊。最近幾天,他們還瞄準了巴格達機場。
這對伊拉克政府來說是一個巨大的挑戰。政府害怕民兵。2021 年之後的頂級政黨包括薩德爾的政黨,以及庫爾德 KDP 和穆罕默德·哈爾布西的進步黨。Nouri al-Malaki State of Law 政黨是一個親伊朗的政黨,擁有 33 個席位,過去與庫爾德人關係不佳。以哈迪·阿米里為首的民兵黨只有17個席位。這個親伊朗的團體對選舉舞弊大喊大叫。有傳言說,伊朗接替蘇萊曼尼的人,名叫埃斯梅爾·加尼的人也在伊拉克,他正試圖做一些推銷和交易,以防止庫爾德人、遜尼派和薩德爾人組成聯盟。
BBC 波斯記者兼伊拉克問題專家 Nafiseh Kohnavard 今天在推特上說:“伊拉克庫爾德斯坦地區總統內奇爾萬·巴爾扎尼今天在納傑夫會見什葉派神職人員穆克塔達·薩德爾。這是在伊朗聖城部隊指揮官卡尼訪問埃爾比勒的第二天。
德黑蘭仍在繼續推動‘什葉派’團結,為此向庫爾德人和遜尼派施壓。”
據信,伊朗擔心其對伊拉克的控制正在下滑。2019 年的大規模抗議活動導致了死亡和大屠殺,這些事件往往出自伊朗民兵之手。這導致了政府危機和一位名叫穆斯塔法·卡迪米的新總理的崛起。但他在試圖與哈希德打交道時感到沮喪。去年,親伊朗民兵甚至用武裝無人機襲擊了他的家。親伊朗團體有時被稱為 Muqawama 或“抵抗”。這將他們與真主黨派別和胡塞武裝聯繫起來,後者也被伊朗稱為“抵抗”。然而,這些組織並沒有真正抵抗任何東西,他們正試圖接管伊拉克。在納傑夫會面的人實際上是在抵制這種嘗試。
馬蘇德·巴爾扎尼週一在推特上表示,他真誠地希望與薩德爾和哈爾布西的會晤“將產生積極成果,並為解決伊拉克政治進程當前面臨的問題鋪平道路。”
Can Kurdish leaders bridge the Iraqi political gap? - analysis
Nechirvan Barzani is an important leader and often portrayed as affable, erudite and a good negotiator who prefers compromise and diplomacy to tensions.
Published: JANUARY 31, 2022 11:30
Kurdish Peshmerga forces take part in their graduation ceremony at a military camp in Erbil, Iraq, August 21, 2019.
(photo credit: REUTERS/AZAD LASHKARI)
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A week after the Prime Minister of the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq was in the UAE, the President of the KRG Nechirvan Barzani has gone to Najaf on an important visit to try to bring Iraq a new coalition government.
October elections in Iraq saw Muqtada al-Sadr’s party get 73 seats in parliament. But the country is very divided between sectarian parties linked to Kurds, Sunnis and Shi’ites. Masoud Barzani, head of the Kurdistan Democratic Party has praised his nephew Nechirvan’s trip, hoping it can bring stability to Iraq.
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Nechirvan Barzani is an important leader and often portrayed as affable, erudite and a good negotiator who prefers compromise and diplomacy to tensions. He has navigated the Kurdish region’s complexities since the referendum in 2017.
The region has had setbacks, with Turkish airstrikes in the mountains against what Turkey says are “terrorists” and also pro-Iran militia attacks on the KRG capital of Erbil.
Now Nechirvan Barzani will meet with key figures in Najaf, including Sadr. The initiative is believed to have followed a decision by Masoud Barzani, the famed Kurdish leader who heads the Kurdistan Democratic Party.
Iraqi Kurds wave flags of Iraqi Kurdistan during a demonstration (credit: SAFIN HAMED / AFP)
The Barzanis in this story are all related, Masrour is Masoud’s son and Nechirvan is Masoud’s nephew. The political family has thus sought to bridge to important issues in the last week, one of which is to form a coalition to stabilize Iraq and also to build on relations with the UAE, which could also stabilize the Kurdish region and Iraq.
This matters. Iraq is an important country in the region but it has suffered setbacks. In the wake of the war with ISIS the country needed huge investments. However, it has been hamstrung by the existence of pro-Iran militias. Those militias were able to become an official paramilitary force in 2018. The militias, called Hashd al-Shaabi, then embarked on a campaign of attacks on US forces in 2019.
The US withdrew from many facilities in Iraq in 2019 and 2020 and at the same time, the US killed Qasem Soleimani, the Iranian commander who was advising and working with the Hashd. The Hashd then directed attacks at the US in Erbil at the airport. They have also targeted Baghdad airport in recent days.
This is a huge challenge for the Iraqi government. The government fears the militias. The top parties in the wake of 2021 included Sadr’s party, as well as the Kurdish KDP and Mohamed al-Halbousi’s Progress party. The Nouri al-Malaki State of Law party is a pro-Iran party with 33 seats and it has had bad relations with Kurds in the past. The militia party, led by Hadi al-Amiri, has only 17 seats. This pro-Iran group has shouted about election fraud. Rumors say that Iran’s replacement for Soleimani, a man named Esmail Ghaani, is also in Iraq and he is trying to do some wheeling and dealing to not let a coalition be formed by the Kurds, Sunnis and Sadr.
Nafiseh Kohnavard, the BBC Persian correspondent and expert on Iraq, tweeted today that “Iraq’s Kurdistan Region President Nechirvan Barzani is in Najaf today to meet with Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr. This comes a day after Iran’s Qods force commander Qaani’s visit to Erbil.
Tehran still keeps pushing for the ‘Shia house’ unity, pressuring Kurds and Sunnis for that.”
It is believed that Iran is worried its hold over Iraq is slipping. Huge protests in 2019 led to deaths and massacres, often at the hand of Iran’s militias. This caused a government crisis and the rise of a new Prime Minister named Mustafa al-Kadhimi. But he has been frustrated in attempts to deal with the Hashd. The pro-Iran militias even targeted his home with armed drones last year. The pro-Iranian groups are sometimes called the Muqawama or “resistance.” This links them to Hezbollah factions and the Houthis, who are also called ‘resistance’ by Iran. However the groups don’t really resist anything, they are trying to take over Iraq. It is the men meeting in Najaf who are actually resisting this attempt.
Masoud Barzani tweeted on Monday that it is his sincere hope that the meeting with Sadr and Halboosi “will produce positive results and pave the way towards resolving the current problems facing the political process in Iraq.”
在胡塞威脅中,阿聯酋的防空和空襲增加-分析
將愛國者和薩德配合使用的重要性是顯而易見的。這是兩個美國製造的防空系統。
塞思·J·弗蘭茨曼
發佈時間: 2022 年 1 月 31 日 08:22
更新時間: 2022年1月31日16:53
在胡塞媒體辦公室於 2019 年 7 月 9 日發布的這張未註明日期的講義照片中,一架無人機在也門一個不明地點的展覽上展出。
(圖片來源:HOUTHI 媒體辦公室/Handout VIA REUTERS)
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週一早上,阿聯酋攔截了另一次導彈襲擊。這是一月份的第三次襲擊,代表了伊朗支持的胡塞武裝在也門的重大升級。與此同時,通過多年來的培訓和採購以及與美國和其他合作夥伴的合作,阿聯酋的防空系統正在變得更加有效。
“繼今年 1 月針對其首都阿布扎比的史無前例的導彈和無人機襲擊之後,阿拉伯聯合酋長國表示正在考慮升級其防禦系統,”保羅·伊登在《福布斯》中寫道。“它已經擁有世界上最先進、最強大的防空網絡之一,由幾個先進的系統組成。那麼,它可能會尋求哪些其他系統呢?阿聯酋成為第一個在戰鬥中使用美國製造的終端高空區域防禦 (THAAD) 系統的國家。1 月 17 日,阿聯酋的薩德成功攔截了一枚瞄準阿布扎比 Al-Dhafra 空軍基地附近石油設施的中程彈道導彈。”
他寫道,在 1 月 24 日的第二次襲擊中,美軍“幫助阿聯酋又擊落了兩枚胡塞導彈”。這包括使用愛國者電池。將愛國者和薩德配合使用的重要性是顯而易見的。這是兩個美國製造的防空系統。在沒有其他防空系統的情況下,這些是阿聯酋最好的。
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近年來,該地區出現了新型導彈和無人機的爆炸式增長。例如,以色列不得不面對不斷擴大的哈馬斯導彈射程。這些增加是基於支持胡塞導彈威脅的相同伊朗技術。以色列為低級別威脅創建了 Iron Dome 系統,並為中高級威脅創建了 David's Sling 和 Arrow 系統。這些系統得到了與美國密切合作的支持。
週一的報導中重要的是,阿聯酋表示,它擊中了發射針對阿聯酋的彈道導彈的平台。阿聯酋國防部聯合作戰司令部於阿聯酋時間 00:50 宣布“摧毀從也門焦夫向阿聯酋發射的彈道導彈平台。導彈於 0 時 20 分被防空系統攔截。成功摧毀導彈平台和發射場的視頻。”
因此,看來不僅阿聯酋的防空系統可以很好地覆蓋該國,而且阿聯酋空軍也能夠進行快速而精確的反擊。
去年 9 月,美國、以色列、阿聯酋和巴林的國旗被投射在耶路撒冷老城周圍的一段城牆上。(信用:RONEN ZVULUN/REUTERS)
良好的情報是發現和摧毀導彈發射器的關鍵。週一早上的防空和空襲結果似乎表明阿聯酋正在提高其防禦能力。
UAE air defenses and airstrikes increase amid Houthi threat - analysis
The importance of using Patriot and THAAD in concert is clear. These are two American-made air defense systems.
Published: JANUARY 31, 2022 08:22
Updated: JANUARY 31, 2022 16:53
A drone aircraft is put on display at an exhibition at an unidentified location in Yemen in this undated handout photo released by the Houthi Media Office, July 9, 2019.
(photo credit: HOUTHI MEDIA OFFICE/HANDOUT VIA REUTERS)
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The UAE intercepted another missile attack on Monday morning. It was the third attack in January and represents a major escalation by the Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen. At the same time, UAE air defenses, bolstered through training and acquisitions over the years and working in concert with the US and other partners, are becoming more effective.
“Following the unprecedented missile and drone attacks targeting its capital Abu Dhabi this January, the United Arab Emirates has said it is looking into upgrading its defenses,” Paul Iddon wrote in Forbes. “It already has one of the most advanced and formidable air defense networks anywhere, consisting of several advanced systems. So, what other systems might it seek? The UAE became the first country to use the US-built Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system in combat. An Emirati THAAD successfully intercepted a midrange ballistic missile targeting an oil facility near Abu Dhabi’s Al-Dhafra Air Base on January 17.”
During a second attack on January 24, the US military “helped the UAE shoot down two more Houthi missiles,” he wrote. This included the use of Patriot batteries. The importance of using Patriot and THAAD in concert is clear. These are two American-made, air-defense systems. In the absence of other air-defense systems, these are the best available to the UAE.
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The region has seen an explosion in new missiles and drones in recent years. Israel, for instance, has had to confront the increased ranges of Hamas missiles. These increases are based on the same Iranian technology that underpins the Houthi missile threat. Israel has created the Iron Dome system for lower-level threats, as well as David’s Sling and Arrow for medium- and high-level threats. The systems are backed by close cooperation with the US.
Of importance in reports from Monday is that the UAE says it struck the platform for launching the ballistic missile that targeted the UAE in the morning. The UAE Ministry of Defense Joint Operations Command announced at 00:50 UAE time the “destruction of platform for a ballistic missile launched from Al-Jawf, Yemen, toward UAE. The missile was intercepted at 00:20 by air defenses. Video of successful destruction of missile platform and launch site.”
It, therefore, appears that not only UAE air defenses are providing good coverage of the country, but the UAE Air Force is able to carry out quick and precise counter strikes.
THE FLAGS of the US, Israel, UAE and Bahrain are projected on a section of the walls surrounding Jerusalem’s Old City last September. (credit: RONEN ZVULUN/REUTERS)
Good intelligence is key to finding and destroying missile launchers. The results of Monday morning’s air defense and air strike appear to show how the UAE is increasing its defense capabilities.
Shirley Ayorkor Botchway, the head of a delegation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to Burkina Faso, and ECOWAS Commission President Jean-Claude Brou speak to journalists after their meeting with ousted president Roch Kabore and the new military ruler of Burkina Faso, Lieut (credit: ZOHRA BENSEMRA/REUTERS)
"They seemed very open to the proposals and to us that is a good sign," said Ayorkor Botchway. "It is our position that the transition should be short, so that Burkina Faso can return quickly back to constitutional order."
The AU and ECOWAS suspended two other members, Mali and Guinea, after their own military takeovers last year. The coup in Burkina Faso was the fourth in West Africa in 18 months, including two in Mali.
While regional leaders and allies have condemned the coup, which they fear could further destabilize a country beset by Islamist violence, they find themselves with limited leverage.
The putschists led by Damiba, who call themselves the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (MPSR), issued a preliminary charter on Monday laying out basic rights and establishing the MPSR as the central authority while a transitional government is put in place.
In a statement read on national television, the MPSR declared Damiba the president of Burkina Faso and head of the armed forces, and removed the army chief of staff and the head of the national intelligence agency from their posts.
The constitution, which the officers suspended when they seized power, has been re-instated except for any parts that contradict the new charter, the statement said.
Ayorkor Botchway said the ECOWAS delegation will report back on the visit and on Thursday there will be another meeting with regional heads of state.
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