2021.07.12 國際新聞導讀-塔利班崛起讓真主黨哈瑪斯看到效法的目標、泰國普吉島開放給觀光客、伊斯蘭國在非洲肆虐、反猶太主義的源由、以色列將打第三劑疫苗

蘇老師講解國際新聞、中東與中亞歷史、中國事務、太空知識的頻道。 Diplomat's daily news review and history research on Middle East and Central Asia, China Affairs and Space Exploration

2021.07.12 國際新聞導讀-塔利班崛起讓真主黨哈瑪斯看到效法的目標、泰國普吉島開放給觀光客、伊斯蘭國在非洲肆虐、反猶太主義的源由、以色列將打第三劑疫苗

塔利班已經表現得好像他們在管理阿富汗

塔利班展示了激進和極端主義團體如何接管國家並像正常國家一樣得到承認和對待。

作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN

2021 年 7 月 11 日 16:48

一名塔利班成員於 2018 年 6 月 16 日在阿富汗喀布爾舉著一面旗幟。旗幟上寫著：“只有真主，穆罕默德是真主的使者”

（圖片來源：路透社/穆罕默德·伊斯梅爾）

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塔利班 似乎每天都在取得進展，因為有多少國家很快會將他們視為阿富汗的平行政府。

目前尚不清楚這會以多快的速度發生，但塔利班獲得國際影響力的能力，例如通過卡塔爾和其他國家，說明了他們已經走了多遠。塔利班官員最近對莫斯科的訪問，以及他們向中國做出的保證，說明了他們認為自己將走向何方。

《華爾街日報》援引塔利班的話說，試圖“安撫北京，儘管過去曾支持維吾爾武裝分子”。這個解釋現在已經被其他人接受了，這聽起來很像巴基斯坦領導人伊姆蘭汗在被問及中國的政策時的反應。

從本質上講，像汗這樣的人在世界舞台上對“伊斯蘭恐懼症”持強硬態度。但大多數情況下，他們在看待西方國家以及與巴基斯坦希望與之合作的其他政府（例如中國或俄羅斯）時會使用這個問題。但沒有乾涉內政，塔利班現在似乎接受了這一點。

塔利班提出的觀點是，這不是 1990 年代出現的舊塔利班，它接管阿富汗、傳播恐怖主義、主辦恐怖主義、實施文化種族滅絕並使阿富汗成為來自世界各地的聖戰分子的傾倒場.

這個塔利班，就像它在巴基斯坦、卡塔爾、馬來西亞和土耳其的可能支持者和朋友一樣，將更加“負責任”，因為它將尋求將阿富汗作為一個極端的伊斯蘭國家來管理，但它不會將恐怖主義傳播到任何地方。

從本質上講，這種魔鬼的交易是西方國家通常願意接受的。只要恐怖主義不威脅西方，塔利班就可以容忍。

塔利班告訴莫斯科，他們已經控制了阿富汗的大部分地區，包括過境點。他們向莫斯科傳達的信息是，他們不會威脅其他中亞國家。

“俄羅斯外交部表示，克里姆林宮駐阿富汗特使扎米爾·卡布洛夫會見了塔利班代表團，表達了對阿富汗北部局勢升級和緊張局勢的擔憂，”美聯社報導。該部表示，卡布洛夫已敦促塔利班“防止他們擴散到該國境外”。

為什麼這很重要？塔利班展示了激進和極端主義團體如何接管國家並像正常國家一樣得到承認和對待。對於也門的胡塞武裝、黎巴嫩的真主黨，甚至敘利亞伊德利卜的土耳其支持的極端分子來說，這可能是個好兆頭。

眾所周知，在美國上屆政府執政期間，有一些美國官員希望將曾經是敘利亞基地組織的Hayat Tahrir al-Sham（HTS）視為一個可以通過安卡拉獲得美國外展或支持的團體。這意味著一些美國官員認為美國可以與基地組織的繼任者合作。

不出所料，安卡拉、多哈或巴基斯坦等美國合作夥伴可能對塔利班有同樣的看法。總之，二十年後，9月11日恐怖襲擊的罪魁禍首幾乎成了主流。塔利班可能很快就會為世界上許多國家開庭，HTS 等組織可能會與北約成員國安卡拉會面。

伊朗支持真主黨和胡塞武裝，以及伊朗和土耳其聯合支持哈馬斯，在一個與哈馬斯類似的塔利班等組織遍布全球的世界裡，這似乎並不奇怪。

哈馬斯還與卡塔爾、土耳其和馬來西亞等國家取得了進展。對於喜歡溫和共存的國家來說，這不是好兆頭。

問題是塔利班不打擾鄰國的說法是否屬實。巴基斯坦、俄羅斯和其他國家可能在賭它是真的。

The Taliban are already behaving as if they run Afghanistan

The Taliban showcase how militant and extremist groups can take over countries and become recognized and treated like normal states.

By SETH J. FRANTZMAN

JULY 11, 2021 16:48

A member of the Taliban holds a flag in Kabul, Afghanistan June 16, 2018. The writing on the flag reads: 'There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah'

(photo credit: REUTERS/MOHAMMAD ISMAIL)

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The Taliban seem to be making inroads every day in terms of how many countries will soon treat them as a parallel government in Afghanistan.

It’s not clear how quickly this will happen, but the Taliban’s ability to gain international clout, such as through Qatar and other countries, illustrates how far they have come. A recent visit to Moscow by Taliban officials, and assurances they made to China, illustrate where they think they are heading.

The Taliban were quoted in The Wall Street Journal as seeking to “reassure Beijing, despite past support for Uyghur militants.” This explanation has now been picked up by others, and it sounds a lot like how Pakistan’s leader, Imran Khan, has responded when asked about China’s policies.

Essentially, people such as Khan talk tough on the world stage about “Islamophobia.” But mostly, they use this issue when looking at Western countries and when dealing with other governments that Pakistan wants to work with, such as China or Russia. But there is no meddling in internal affairs, and the Taliban now appear to accept this.

The point the Taliban are making is that this isn’t the Taliban of old that emerged in the 1990s to take over Afghanistan, spread terrorism, host terrorism, commit cultural genocide and enabled Afghanistan to be a dumping ground of jihadists from all over the world.

This Taliban, just as its likely supporters and friends in Pakistan, Qatar, Malaysia and Turkey, will be more “responsible” in the sense that it will seek to run Afghanistan as an extremist Islamist state, but it will not spread terrorism everywhere.

Essentially, this devil’s bargain is one that Western states are often willing to accept. As long as terrorism isn’t threatening the West, the Taliban can be tolerated.

The Taliban have told Moscow they already control much of Afghanistan, including border crossings. Their message to Moscow is that they don’t threaten other Central Asian states.

“The Russian Foreign Ministry said the Kremlin envoy to Afghanistan, Zamir Kabulov, met with the Taliban delegation to express concern about the escalation and tension in northern Afghanistan,” the Associated Press reported. The ministry said Kabulov had urged the Taliban “to prevent them from spreading beyond the country’s borders.”

Why does this matter? The Taliban showcase how militant and extremist groups can take over countries and become recognized and treated like normal states. This could bode well for the Houthis in Yemen, Hezbollah in Lebanon and even Turkish-backed extremists in Idlib, Syria.

It is known that under the last US administration there were some US officials who wanted to treat Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which used to be al-Qaeda in Syria, as a group that could receive US outreach or support via Ankara. What that means is that some US officials thought the US could work with the successors to al-Qaeda.

Unsurprisingly, US partners, such as those in Ankara, Doha or Pakistan, may think the same of the Taliban. In short, after two decades, the groups responsible for the September 11 terrorist attacks have become almost mainstream. The Taliban may soon be holding court for many of the world’s countries, and groups such as HTS could be meeting with Ankara, a member of NATO.

Iran’s backing of Hezbollah and the Houthis and the joint Iran-Turkey backing of Hamas may not seem so strange in a world where groups such as the Taliban, which are similar to Hamas, are globe-trotting.

Hamas has also made inroads with Qatar, Turkey and Malaysia, among other states. This does not bode well for countries that prefer moderation and coexistence.

The question is whether the Taliban narrative of not bothering its neighbors is really true. Pakistan, Russia and others may be gambling that it is.

冠狀病毒：泰國對旅遊業開放

該計劃被稱為“普吉沙盒”，允許已接種疫苗的成年人與未接種疫苗的兒童一起來到普吉島，但須遵守嚴格的健康規程。

通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF

2021 年 7 月 11 日 08:42

泰國普吉島

（照片來源：SHUTTERSTOCK）

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7 月 1 日，泰國啟動了一項名為“普吉沙盒”的計劃，以將旅遊業帶回這個受歡迎的島嶼。根據外交部的公告，該計劃允許已接種疫苗的成年人與未接種疫苗的 18 歲以下兒童一起探訪。

根據泰國外交部的公告，該島的遊客仍必須戴口罩並保持社交距離。他們還必須接受三項 COVID 測試，這些測試必須提前訂購。

泰國衛生部宣布，任何檢測呈陽性的人，即使他們沒有出現病毒症狀，也將被轉移到醫院，費用自理，除非他們有適當的旅行健康保險。據該部稱，這甚至適用於與家人或團體一起來的遊客。

以色列外交部要求在決定前往該島之前考慮這些要求。

泰國一直是以色列遊客的熱門目的地。宣布這一消息之際，許多傳統上於 8 月出國旅行的以色列人因旅行限製而被迫留在該國，這反過來又將國內旅遊價格推高至前所未有的高度。

Coronavirus: Thailand opens up for tourism

The program, called the "Phuket Sandbox," allows for vaccinated adults to come to the island of Phuket along with unvaccinated children, subject to strict health protocols.

By JERUSALEM POST STAFF

JULY 11, 2021 08:42

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On July 1st, Thailand launched a program called the "Phuket Sandbox" in order to bring tourism back to the popular island. According to a Foreign Ministry announcement, the program allows for vaccinated adults to visit along with unvaccinated children under the age of 18.

According to the Thai Foreign Ministry's announcement, visitors to the island must still wear masks and uphold social distancing. They also must undergo three COVID tests, which must be ordered in advance.

The Thai Health Ministry announced that anyone who tests positive, even if they do not have symptoms of the virus, will be transferred to a hospital, at their own expense, unless they have proper travel health insurance. According to the ministry, this will apply even for visitors who come with their families or as part of a group.

The Israeli foreign ministry requests that these requirements be taken into account before deciding to travel to the island.

Thailand has been a highly popular destination for Israeli tourists. The announcement comes as many Israelis who traditionally travel abroad in August were forced to remain in the country due to travel restrictions, which in turn drove up the prices of internal tourism to unprecedented heights.

All the information regarding the program, including registration, can be found on the Thai Embassy to Israel website, as well as Thailand's tourism administration website.

在非洲擊敗伊斯蘭國的重要性更高——分析

在此背景下，美國必須協調反極端政策。鑑於中國、俄羅斯、土耳其和其他國家在非洲的足跡越來越大，美國未來將扮演什麼角色尚不清楚。

作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN

2021 年 7 月 10 日 16:35

向阿富汗政府投降的伊斯蘭國武裝分子於 2019 年 11 月 17 日在阿富汗楠格哈爾省賈拉拉巴德接受媒體採訪

（圖片來源：路透社/PARWIZ）

非洲的恐怖主義威脅正在增加。多年來，情況一直如此，原因是空間不受管制、國家薄弱、邊界脆弱，以及缺乏對極端主義滲透的大陸地區的一致投資和安全措施。新報告表明，將重點放在受到伊斯蘭國和其他組織威脅的國家上很重要。

例如，阿聯酋 Al-Ain 媒體的一篇文章指出了關注非洲的重要性。在阿聯酋是在穩定和適度的投資和其他國家認為這是非常重要的。“正如 2021 年非洲大陸發生的血腥事件所證明的那樣，國家越來越關注恐怖主義在非洲蔓延的威脅以及 ISIS 和基地組織的影響力的蔓延，”前任阿里·埃丁·希拉爾 (Ali Eddin Hillal) 博士寫道。埃及青年部長。

他描述了美國非洲司令部如何將恐怖活動在非洲的蔓延比作野火。“在此背景下，美國和意大利呼籲於 2021 年 6 月底在意大利首都召開國際會議，討論這一問題，42 個國家的外長參加了會議。” 他指的是 6 月 28 日舉行的擊敗 ISIS 全球聯盟的會議。

美國之音當時指出，“西方列強承諾伊斯蘭國最近在非洲取得的成功不會無人理會，支持成立一個專責小組的計劃，重點關注恐怖組織從伊拉克和敘利亞向非洲大陸的蔓延。週一，在擊敗 ISIS 全球聯盟在羅馬召開會議後宣布這一消息是在該恐怖組織宣布其在伊拉克和敘利亞自稱哈里發國七週年的前一天，以及該哈里發國在敘利亞領土上的失敗兩年後。”

希拉爾博士指出，有四個新國家收到了參加羅馬會議的邀請；剛果、毛里塔尼亞、也門和中非共和國。例如，中非共和國遭受內亂和日益嚴重的極端主義，即使聯合國部隊和俄羅斯承包商在那裡發揮越來越大的作用。

其他困擾附近國家的團體包括博科聖地組織以及伊斯蘭國在毛里塔尼亞、布基納法索、馬里、尼日爾和乍得等薩赫勒國家的作用。威脅現在不僅在中非共和國出現，還在剛果和莫桑比克出現。

這些組織仔細選擇了他們的目標，以實現最大的影響。例如，帕爾馬是生產液化天然氣的經濟中心之一，儲量達 75 萬億立方英尺，是世界第四大天然氣出口國，法國、美國和意大利投資達 230 億美元。用於天然氣勘探，”Al-Ain 的文章指出。伊斯蘭國還在馬里和象牙海岸設有基地，並對貝寧構成威脅。

與此同時，在索馬里，伊斯蘭國和青年黨的極端分子構成威脅。“有幾個因素增加了這些恐怖組織的危險性，包括許多非洲國家的體制和安全結構薄弱，國家對整個領土缺乏控制，民族之間存在差異，以及之間存在歷史衝突。為這些組織的活動創造了適當的環境，”艾因的文章指出。他的結論是，雖然意大利和法國等歐洲國家有興趣幫助非洲國家戰勝恐怖主義，但美國已經繼承了歐洲主要大國曾經擁有的全球角色。

在此背景下，美國必須協調反極端政策。鑑於中國、俄羅斯、土耳其和其他國家在非洲的足跡越來越大，美國未來將扮演什麼角色尚不清楚。

如果沒有對外承諾，許多國家就會陷入困境。最近幾天，在索馬里的邦特蘭，獨立地區派出安全部隊將伊斯蘭國從蒂米爾塞村趕走。多名伊斯蘭國成員被殺。然而，ISIS 現在正在威脅像邦特蘭這樣的穩定與和平的地區這一事實表明，這個陰險的團體如何繼續蔓延。

地方爭端，例如埃塞俄比亞和埃及之間的複興大壩爭端，土耳其支持的僱傭軍在利比亞的作用等爭議意味著各國並不總是專注於打擊伊斯蘭國，而是其他地區和內部問題。

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Heightened importance of defeating ISIS in Africa - analysis

In this context, the US must coordinate anti-extremist policies. Given the growing footprint of China, Russia, Turkey, and others in Africa, it’s not clear what role the US will have in the future.

By SETH J. FRANTZMAN

JULY 10, 2021 16:35

ISIS militants who surrendered to the Afghan government are presented to media in Jalalabad, Nangarhar province, Afghanistan November 17, 2019

(photo credit: REUTERS/PARWIZ)

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Terror threats are growing in Africa. This has been the case for many years, due to ungoverned spaces, weak states and fragile borders, as well as a lack of consistent investment and security approaches to a swath of the continent where extremism percolates. New reports indicate the importance of keeping the focus on countries threatened by ISIS and other groups.

For instance, an article at Al-Ain media in the UAE noted the importance of focusing on Africa. The UAE and other countries that are investing in stability and moderation see this as important. “National attention is growing on the threat of the spread of terrorism in Africa and the spread of the influence of ISIS and Al-Qaeda, as evidenced by the bloody events in the continent in 2021,” writes Dr. Ali Eddin Hillal, a former Egyptian Minister of Youth.

He described how the US Africa Command has compared the spread of terror in Africa to a wildfire. “In this context, the United States of America and Italy called for an international conference to be held in the Italian capital at the end of June 2021, to discuss this issue, in which the foreign ministers of 42 countries participated.” He is referring to the June 28 meeting of the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS.

VOA noted at the time that “Western powers are promising recent successes by the Islamic State across Africa will not go unanswered, backing plans for a task force to focus on the terror group’s spread from Iraq and Syria to the African continent. The announcement Monday following a meeting in Rome by the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS comes a day before the seventh anniversary of the terror group’s proclamation of its self-declared caliphate in Iraq and Syria, and two years since the caliphate’s territorial defeat in Syria.”

Dr. Hillal notes that four new countries received invitations to the Rome meeting; Congo, Mauritania, Yemen, and the Central African Republic. The CAR, for instance, has suffered civil strife and growing extremism, even as UN forces there and Russian contractors play an increasing role.

Among other groups that have plagued nearby countries is Boko Haram and also the role of ISIS in the Sahel countries, such as Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Chad. Threats are now emerging not only in CAR but also Congo and Mozambique.

These organizations chose their goals carefully in order to achieve the greatest impact. For example, Palma is one of the economic centers for the production of liquefied natural gas and contains 75 trillion cubic feet of it, making it the fourth largest gas exporter in the world, and there are French, American and Italian investments amounting to $23 billion for gas exploration,” notes the Al-Ain article. ISIS also has bases in Mali and Ivory Coast and has extended threats to Benin.

Meanwhile in Somalia, ISIS and extremists from Al-Shabab are a threat. “There are several factors that increase the danger of these terrorist organizations, including the weak institutional and security structure in many African countries, the lack of state control over its entire territory, the differences between the ethnic groups, and the existence of historical conflicts between them, which creates the appropriate environment for the activities of these organizations,” notes the Al-Ain article. He concludes that while European countries such as Italy and France have an interest in helping African countries defeat terror, the US has inherited the global role that major European powers once had.

In this context, the US must coordinate anti-extremist policies. Given the growing footprint of China, Russia, Turkey and others in Africa, it’s not clear what role the US will have in the future.

Without foreign commitment many countries struggle. In Puntland in Somalia, the independent region sent its security forces to remove ISIS from Timirse village in recent days. Several ISIS members were killed. However, the very fact that ISIS is now threatening stable and peaceful areas like Puntland show how this insidious group continues to spread.

Local disputes, such as the Renaissance Dam dispute between Ethiopia and Egypt, the role of Turkish-backed mercenaries in Libya and other controversies mean that countries are not always focused on fighting ISIS, but rather other regional and internal issue.

朝鮮因副作用拒絕阿斯利康 (AstraZeneca) 的 COVID-19 疫苗

在有報導稱部分接種者發生罕見但嚴重的凝血事件後，朝鮮當局開始擔心阿斯利康疫苗。

通過路透

2021 年 7 月 10 日 15:37

朝鮮領導人金正恩在朝鮮平壤出席了一個項目的第一階段開工儀式，該項目最終將建造 50,000 套新公寓

（照片來源：朝中社/文件照片來自路透社）

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一家韓國智庫周五表示，出於對副作用的擔憂，朝鮮拒絕了阿斯利康 (AstraZeneca) 的 COVID-19 疫苗計劃發貨，該疫苗是根據全球 COVAX 分銷計劃組織的。

COVAX 曾表示將向朝鮮提供近 200 萬劑阿斯利康的注射劑。韓國上個月表示，第一批原定於 5 月下旬進行，但因曠日持久的磋商而推遲。

朝鮮沒有報告任何 COVID-19 病例，韓國和美國官員質疑這一立場。然而，這個與世隔絕的國家實施了嚴格的抗病毒措施，包括關閉邊境和限制國內旅行。

根據隸屬於韓國間諜機構的國家安全戰略研究所（INSS）的報告，平壤目前正在尋找其他疫苗選擇。

當被問及該報告時，共同領導 COVAX 的組織之一的全球疫苗和免疫聯盟向平壤政府提出了有關朝鮮偏好和政策的具體問題。

“我們將繼續與朝鮮當局合作，因為我們與我們所服務的所有國家合作，以幫助應對COVID-19 大流行，”GAVI 發言人使用朝鮮官方名稱的首字母表示。

INSS的報告還稱，朝鮮並不熱衷於中國疫苗，因為擔心它們可能沒有那麼有效，但它對俄羅斯製造的疫苗表現出興趣，希望能免費捐贈。

INSS朝鮮半島戰略研究主任Lee Sang-keun援引未具名消息人士的話說：“它傾向於俄羅斯的疫苗，但尚未做出任何安排。”

週三，俄羅斯外交部長謝爾蓋拉夫羅夫表示，莫斯科已多次向平壤提供疫苗。

Lee 補充說，在有報導稱部分接種者發生罕見但嚴重的凝血事件後，朝鮮當局開始擔心阿斯利康疫苗。

INSS 說，雖然朝鮮允許其海外外交官從 3 月底開始接受 COVID-19 注射，但它並沒有試圖確保疫苗供國內使用。

North Korea rejected AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine over side effects

North Korean authorities had become concerned about the AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of rare but serious blood clotting events among some people who received it.

By REUTERS

JULY 10, 2021 15:37

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un attends a ceremony to inaugurate the start of construction on the first phase of a project to eventually build 50,000 new apartments, in Pyongyang, North Korea

(photo credit: KCNA/FILE PHOTO VIA REUTERS)

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North Korea has rejected planned shipments of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine that were being organized under the global COVAX distribution scheme due to concerns over side effects, a South Korean think-tank said on Friday.

COVAX has said it would provide nearly 2 million doses of AstraZeneca's shots to North Korea. The first batch had been expected in late May but was delayed amid protracted consultations, South Korea said last month.

North Korea has not reported any COVID-19 cases, a position questioned by South Korean and US officials. The reclusive country has, however, imposed strict anti-virus measures, including border closures and domestic travel curbs.

According to the report by the Institute for National Security Strategy (INSS), which is affiliated with South Korea's spy agency, Pyongyang is now looking at other vaccine options.

Asked about the report, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization alliance, one of the organizations that co-leads COVAX, referred specific questions about North Korea's preferences and policies to the government in Pyongyang.

"We continue to work with DPRK authorities, as we work with all the countries we serve, to help respond to the COVID-19 pandemic," a GAVI spokesperson said, using the initials of North Korea's official name.

The INSS report also said North Korea is not keen on Chinese vaccines due to concerns they may not be that effective, but it has shown interest in shots made in Russia, hoping they would be donated free of charge.

"It's leaning towards the Russian vaccine, yet no arrangements have been made," Lee Sang-keun, director of strategic research on the Korean peninsula at INSS, told Reuters, citing unnamed sources.

On Wednesday, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said Moscow has offered Pyongyang vaccines on a number of occasions.

Lee added that North Korean authorities had become concerned about the AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of rare but serious blood clotting events among some people who received it.

While North Korea allowed its diplomats overseas to receive COVID-19 shots starting at the end of March, it is not making attempts to secure the vaccines for internal use, INSS said.

塔利班在阿富汗的勝利可能會助長哈馬斯和真主黨——分析

塔利班在阿富汗的崛起是否會促使各國更願意歡迎哈馬斯和真主黨高級領導人？

作者：SETH J. FRANZMAN

2021 年 7 月 11 日 18:54

2021 年 7 月 10 日，阿富汗赫拉特省郊區，前聖戰者組織手持武器支持阿富汗軍隊打擊塔利班。

（圖片來源：JALIL AHMAD/REUTERS）

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在 阿富汗迫在眉睫的危機，塔利班似乎朝著鞏固勝利反對政府的遊行，可能有可能助長哈馬斯和真主黨的意想不到的後果。

塔利班是一個激進運動，試圖從國際公認的中央政府手中奪取一個國家。許多國家似乎在悄悄地接待和幫助塔利班。

這類似於真主黨和哈馬斯如何在外國支持下蓬勃發展並獲得合法性，儘管他們非法儲存武器並使用法外暗殺和法外激進運動來威脅該地區。

2021 年 7 月 10 日，阿富汗赫拉特省郊區，前聖戰者組織手持武器支持阿富汗軍隊與塔利班作戰。（圖片來源：Jalil Ahmad/路透社）

多年來，哈馬斯和真主黨被貼上恐怖組織的標籤本應該是為了排斥他們，並將他們驅逐出可接受的組織範圍之外。但許多主要國家並不將他們視為恐怖分子，特別是土耳其和伊朗。雙方都支持哈馬斯，伊朗也支持真主黨。從土耳其到卡塔爾，甚至馬來西亞，哈馬斯領導人都受到了許多國家的紅地毯歡迎 。

現在，塔利班在阿富汗的勝利——以及他們打開從卡塔爾到俄羅斯和伊朗大門的能力——表明，一種接受國際“猶太教”的激進極端主義運動模式正在越來越頻繁地發生。

曾幾何時，各國在冷戰期間支持各種代理團體。然而，那場戰爭的結束導致了國際事務的短暫插曲，美國霸權主義和自由世界秩序似乎減少了被視為國家的激進運動的數量。

現在，全球混亂又回來了——各種想要多極世界並且都反對美國的威權政權的興起意味著像哈馬斯和真主黨這樣的團體可以蓬勃發展。

最大的問題是哈馬斯和真主黨可以獲得多少尊重？哈馬斯今年3月與俄羅斯舉行了高層會晤。它由土耳其主辦，儘管安卡拉最近還接待了巴勒斯坦民族權力機構主席馬哈茂德·阿巴斯。問題是塔利班的勝利是否會讓各國更願意靈活地接待哈馬斯和真主黨高級領導人。

迄今為止，國際社會幾乎沒有向這些團體施加要求放下武器的壓力。真主黨不僅擁有 150,000 枚火箭彈，而且似乎在為黎巴嫩制定外交和軍事政策，慢慢取代國家；也許它已經變得比擁有它的國家更富有、更強大。

哈馬斯還招募兒童兵並對以色列進行非法火箭發射。這些組織似乎蓬勃發展並獲得融資的事實表明，他們不會為此付出任何代價。

向以色列發射的 4,000 多枚哈馬斯火箭並未引起全球廣泛譴責。這意味著塔利班似乎在鞏固成果，可能會產生意想不到的全球影響，助長哈馬斯和真主黨及其對中東的威脅——以及激進組織對世界秩序構成的更廣泛的危險。

Taliban win in Afghanistan could fuel Hamas, Hezbollah - analysis

Will the ascendency of the Taliban in Afghanistan prompt countries to be more willing to welcome senior Hamas and Hezbollah leaders?

By SETH J. FRANTZMAN

JULY 11, 2021 18:54

Former Mujahideen hold weapons to support Afghan forces in their fight against Taliban, on the outskirts of Herat province, Afghanistan July 10, 2021.

(photo credit: JALIL AHMAD/REUTERS)

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The looming crisis in Afghanistan, as the Taliban appear to be marching toward consolidating victories against the government, could have the unintended consequences of possibly fueling Hamas and Hezbollah.

The Taliban are a militant movement that is seeking to capture a country from the internationally recognized central government. Many countries appear to be hosting and helping the Taliban quietly.

This is similar to how Hezbollah and Hamas thrive with foreign support and receive legitimacy, despite their illegitimate stockpiling of weapons and use of extrajudicial assassinations and extralegal militant movements to threaten the region.

Former Mujahideen hold weapons to support Afghan forces in their fight against Taliban, on the outskirts of Herat province, Afghanistan July 10, 2021. (Photo credit: Jalil Ahmad/Reuters)

For years, the labeling of Hamas and Hezbollah as terrorist groups was supposed to ostracize them and banish them from outside the realm of acceptable organizations. But many major countries did not view them as terrorists, specifically Turkey and Iran. Both back Hamas, and Iran also backs Hezbollah. Hamas leaders have received red-carpet welcomes in numerous countries, from Turkey to Qatar and even Malaysia.

Now, the Taliban victories in Afghanistan – and their ability to open doors from Qatar to Russia and Iran – illustrate that a model of militant extremist movements receiving international “koshering” is happening with increased frequency.

There was a time when countries supported various proxy groups during the Cold War. However, the end of that war led to a brief interlude in international affairs where a hegemonic US and liberal world order appeared to reduce the number of militant movements being treated as states.

Now, global chaos is back – and the rise of various authoritarian regimes that want a multi-polar world and are all opposed to the US means that groups like Hamas and Hezbollah can thrive.

The big question is how much more respect can Hamas and Hezbollah gain? Hamas held a high-level meeting with Russia in March. It has been hosted by Turkey, although Ankara also hosted Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas recently. The question is whether a Taliban victory might make countries more willing to be flexible on hosting senior Hamas and Hezbollah leaders.

So far, the international community has put almost no pressure on these groups to lay down their weapons. Hezbollah not only possesses 150,000 rockets but also appears to conduct foreign and military policy for Lebanon, slowly supplanting the state; perhaps it has already become more wealthy and powerful than the state that hosts it.

Hamas also recruits child soldiers and conducts illegal rocket fire against Israel. The fact that these organizations appear to thrive and receive financing indicates that no price is exacted from them.

The more than 4,000 Hamas rockets that were fired at Israel did not lead to widespread global condemnation. This means that the Taliban appearing to consolidate gains could have the unintended global effect of fueling Hamas and Hezbollah and their danger to the Middle East – as well as the wider danger that militant groups pose to world order.

衛生部：納赫曼·阿什正式成為新任總幹事

Nachman Ash 於 6 月 28 日被任命為衛生部總幹事。他一直擔任以色列冠狀病毒專員。

通過耶路撒冷郵報STAFF

2021 年 7 月 11 日 16:04

以色列下一任衛生部總幹事 Nachman Ash 教授。

（圖片來源：衛生部）

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衛生部在周日的新聞稿中宣布，Nachman Ash 教授將正式接任衛生部總幹事一職。

Ash 畢業於特拉維夫大學醫學院，是內科專家，擁有醫學計算碩士學位，是哈佛和麻省理工學院聯合項目的一部分。

過去，他曾在以色列國防軍擔任首席醫療官，在離開軍隊後，他曾在衛生系統中擔任過多個高級管理職位。

Ash 自 10 月接替 Ronni Gamzu 教授以來一直擔任該國的冠狀病毒專員。

Ash 於 6 月 28 日被任命為該職位，該任命得到了 PM Naftali Bennett 的支持。“納赫曼，我相信，正如您作為冠狀病毒專員的一部分成功領導以色列國和醫療保健系統一樣，您也將成功領導衛生部在正常情況下以及緊急情況、時間和保護以色列公民的健康，”他在回應任命時說。

Health Ministry: Nachman Ash officially the new Director-General

Nachman Ash was named for the job of Health Ministry director-general on June 28. He's been serving as Israel's coronavirus commissioner.

By JERUSALEM POST STAFF

JULY 11, 2021 16:04

Prof. Nachman Ash, Israel's next Health Ministry director-general.

(photo credit: HEALTH MINISTRY)

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Prof. Nachman Ash will officially be taking over the role of Director-General of the Health Ministry, the ministry announced in a press release on Sunday.

Ash, a graduate of the Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, is a specialist in internal medicine and holds a master's degree in medical computing as part of a combined program at Harvard and MIT.

In the past he served as the Chief Medical Officer in the IDF, and after leaving the army he has worked in a number of senior management positions in the health system.

Ash has served as the country’s coronavirus commissioner since October when he replaced Prof. Ronni Gamzu.

Ash was named for the position on June 28, and the appointment was supported by PM Naftali Bennett. “Nachman, I am sure that just as you have successfully led the State of Israel and the healthcare system as part of your role as coronavirus commissioner, you will also successfully lead the Health Ministry in normal, as well as in emergency, times and protect the health of Israel’s citizens,” he said in reaction to the appointment.

什麼是“新的反猶太主義”？

自黑死病以來，猶太人一直被指責為疾病。那麼什麼是現代反猶太主義，它又是如何體現的呢？

通過ASHER MAOZ

2021 年 7 月 10 日 15:34

2018 年 9 月在倫敦舉行的英國工黨全國執行委員會會議外抗議，該會議將討論該黨對反猶太主義的定義

（照片來源：HENRY NICHOLLS/REUTERS）

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我想從一個問題開始：除了冠狀病毒之外，您還知道當前流行病的另一個名稱嗎？不，我不是說 COVID-19。

我相信很多人會驚訝地發現冠狀病毒被稱為“Judeovirus”。猶太人之所以如此認可，是因為有人指責該病毒是由猶太人和以色列人開發並傳播的。畢竟，據推測，他們是能夠找到這種疾病的疫苗，將其賣給生病的世界並發財的人。

這是新的反猶太主義嗎？並不真地。這一集呼應了一種古老的反猶太主義形式，該形式指責猶太人傳播疾病和其他悲劇。

這是 1348 年春天黑死病到達歐洲後的當代報導：“在任何瘟疫或飢荒發生的那一天，人們都在喊叫‘這一切都是因為雅各布的罪行！摧毀這個國家，殺死他們！在災難期間 […] 他們以一種粗暴的粗心大意的方式摧毀了不幸的猶太人。”

舊的反猶太主義有多久了？

公元前 4 世紀，波斯總理哈曼說服亞迦什維羅什國王頒布了滅絕帝國內所有猶太人的法令。理由是：“有一個人分散在你國各省的人民中；他們的法律與所有其他民族的法律不同，他們不遵守國王的法律。因此，王不應該讓他們留下來……寫下旨意將他們消滅。” 然而，由於以斯帖女王的美麗和智慧，我們得救了。

可是等等。哈曼並不是第一個反猶主義者。根據塔木德，哈曼是亞瑪力王亞甲的後裔，亞瑪力王無緣無故地襲擊前往應許之地的以色列人，殺死了落後的人。

然而，這也不是反猶太主義的開始。甚至在以色列人成為一個國家之前，法老就命令希伯來的接生婆殺死所有的男嬰。

哈曼滅絕猶太人的計劃在上個世紀幾乎實現了，當時納粹設法消滅了所有猶太人的三分之一。

如果希望大屠殺結束反猶太主義，我們就大錯特錯了。反猶太主義愈演愈烈，並蔓延到世界各地。是什麼推動了從公元前 15 世紀到今天的反猶太主義？

我不會假裝有最終答案，而是轉向我們的主題：新反猶主義。

在此之前，讓我們不要忽視這樣一個事實，即經典的反猶太主義仍在蓬勃發展，正如世界各地對猶太人和猶太教堂的襲擊所證明的那樣。

但讓我們轉向所謂的“新反猶主義”。這種現象背後有積極的一面，也有消極的一面。從積極的方面來看，它表明人們對反猶太主義有些不安。消極方面是，同樣的人找到了一種方法來堅持反猶太主義而不承認它。因此，反猶太主義披著反猶太復國主義和反猶太國家主義的外衣。

新反猶太主義的最佳表現似乎是 1975 年 11 月 10 日以 72 票對 35 票的壓倒多數通過的聯合國大會第 3379 號決議，其中指出猶太復國主義是種族主義和種族歧視的一種形式。值得注意的是，猶太復國主義被從所有民族解放運動中挑選出來，帶有該隱的印記。誰在指責猶太復國主義？卡扎菲的利比亞，薩達姆的伊拉克，伊迪阿明的烏干達等等。

然而，聯合國決議並不是第一個針對猶太人的誹謗，指責他們密謀統治世界。早在 1903 年，由於亨利·福特的慷慨解囊，《錫安長老議定書》在俄羅斯出版並在美國各地發行。這些捏造的協議旨在描述猶太人的全球統治計劃。儘管被證明是錯誤的，議定書仍然具有影響力，並助長了所謂的新反猶太主義。

那麼什麼是新的反猶太主義？

國際大屠殺紀念聯盟 (IHRA) 採用了以下獲得民眾同意的工作定義：“反猶太主義是對猶太人的某種看法，可以表達為對猶太人的仇恨。反猶太主義的言辭和身體表現針對猶太人或非猶太人個人和/或其財產，針對猶太社區機構和宗教設施……表現可能包括針對被視為猶太人集體的以色列國。”

這個定義足夠寬泛，可以同時包含新舊反猶主義。

用已故以色列外交部長阿巴·埃班 (Abba Eban) 的話來說，“反猶太主義和反猶太復國主義之間的區別根本不是區別。反猶太復國主義只是新的反猶太主義。古老的經典反猶主義宣稱，平等的權利屬於社會中的所有人，猶太人除外。新的反猶主義說，建立和維持一個獨立的民族主權國家的權利是所有國家的特權，只要他們不是猶太人。”

但是為什麼要引用一位以色列部長的話呢？這就是英國大法官邁克爾戈夫在 2016 年所說的話：“回到中世紀，反猶主義是宗教性的，以猶太人在隔都中的封閉和強行皈依而告終。在 20 世紀初，反猶太主義導致了人類在可怕的科學偽裝下目睹的最嚴重的暴行。反猶太主義改變了階段，今天它的表達方式是反對民族集體猶太人身份和以色列國的存在。”

在新的反猶太主義下，我們可能包括否認猶太人的自決權，聲稱以色列國的存在是種族主義的努力，並應用雙重標準，要求它採取任何其他民主國家不期望或不要求的行為.

有人指控說，反猶太主義的新定義限制了言論自由的權利。這一指控完全是錯誤的。

用 IHRA 的話來說，“表現形式可能包括以以色列國為目標，該國被認為是一個猶太集體。然而，對以色列的批評與對任何其他國家的批評類似，不能被視為反猶太主義。”

使用雙重標準針對以色列國的例子不勝枚舉。

提及最近的一個案例就足夠了。5 月 27 日，聯合國人權理事會通過了一項史無前例的決議，設立一個常設“調查委員會”，以調查在包括東耶路撒冷在內的“巴勒斯坦被佔領土”和以色列境內所有涉嫌違反國際人道主義法的行為以及所有涉嫌違反和濫用國際人權法。這將是有史以來第一個具有“持續”任務授權的此類委員會。

奧地利大使 Elisabeth Tichy-Fisslberger 表示，它“繼續令人遺憾的做法，將以色列單獨挑出來在人權理事會進行批評。”

值得一提的是，該決議草案是由巴基斯坦提出的，巴基斯坦無疑是一個熱愛人權的國家。

讓我們不要忽視 2001 年在德班舉行的世界種族主義大會，它變成了歷史上最醜陋的反猶太主義事件之一。那次活動的決議草案是在德黑蘭所有地方起草的。那些不幸錯過會議的人可能有機會參加今年晚些時候的聯合國德班會議週年紀念活動。

2003-2017 年安理會有 36% 的決議譴責以色列，其餘 64% 則分佈在伊朗、敘利亞、利比亞、也門、蘇丹和阿富汗等正義國家，而類似的國家伊拉克、巴基斯坦、土耳其和黎巴嫩等國甚至沒有受到譴責。

在這方面值得一提的是，試圖衡量每個國家的民主和政治自由程度的 2013 年自由世界年度調查和報告將以色列列為中東唯一的自由國家。

這是討論抵制、撤資和製裁運動的合適場所。領導這場運動的人辯稱，這是 1967 年六日戰爭後以色列佔領的結果。這不是真的。阿拉伯領導人從 1922 年開始，即以色列國成立前 26 年和 1967 年戰爭前 45 年開始抵制猶太人擁有的企業。到 1945 年，阿拉伯聯盟領導了抵制活動，伊斯蘭合作組織的成員也加入了抵制活動。

有趣的是，抵制對巴勒斯坦人的損害不亞於以色列人。1967 年戰爭之後，幾家以色列企業在西岸邊境建立了項目，僱用巴勒斯坦工人。隨著 BDS 的發展，他們中的許多人搬回了以色列本土，留下了數千名失業者。

顯然，佔領不是北斗運動的原因，而是它的藉口。即使以色列撤出所有領土，只要以色列國存在，抵制就不會結束。

用戈夫的話來說，“針對以色列的抵制、撤資和製裁運動是反猶太主義的。他們憎恨以色列，他們希望消滅猶太人的家園，不是因為以色列做了什麼，而是因為以色列是什麼——自由、民主、自由和西方。我們需要提醒自己，捍衛以色列的生存權就是捍衛我們共同的人性。現在比以往任何時候都更。”

總而言之，無論古典還是現代，舊的還是新的，反猶主義都是反猶主義，是種族主義最醜陋的表現之一。

作者是法學教授、佩雷斯學術中心法學院院長、國際捍衛宗教自由協會副主席。本文基於宗教自由與商業基金會論壇上的演講。

What is 'the new antisemitism?'

The Jewish people have been blamed for illnesses since the Black Death. So what is modern antisemitism and how does it manifest?

By ASHER MAOZ

JULY 10, 2021 15:34

PROTESTING OUTSIDE a meeting of the British Labour Party’s National Executive, which was set to discuss the party’s definition of antisemitism, in London in September 2018

(photo credit: HENRY NICHOLLS/REUTERS)

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I want to start with a question: Do you know another name for the current pandemic other than coronavirus? No, I don’t mean COVID-19.

I believe that many people will be surprised to learn that the coronavirus is being referred to as the “Judeovirus.” Jews were so accredited because of accusations that the virus had been developed and was being spread by Jews and Israelis. After all, they were supposedly the ones who would find a vaccine for the disease, selling it to the ailing world and making a fortune.

Is this new antisemitism? Not really. This episode echoes an ancient form of antisemitism that blamed Jews for spreading illnesses and other tragedies.

Here is a contemporary report that followed the arrival of the Black Death to Europe in the spring of 1348: “On the day that any plague or famine occurs, the people cry ‘All this happens because of the sins of Jacob! Destroy this nation, kill them!’ And during the disaster […] they undertake in a violently thoughtless way to destroy the unfortunate Jews.”

How old is old antisemitism?

Haman, the prime minister of Persia during the 4th century BCE, persuaded King Achashverosh to issue an edict of extermination of all the Jews within the empire. The excuse was, “There is a certain people scattered and dispersed among the people in all the provinces of your kingdom; their laws are different from those of all other peoples, and they do not keep the king’s laws. Therefore, it is not fitting for the king to let them remain…. Let a decree be written to eliminate them.” We were saved, however, thanks to Queen Esther’s beauty and wisdom.

But wait. Haman was not the first antisemite. According to the Talmud, Haman was a descendant of Agag, king of Amalek, who attacked the Israelites on their way to the Promised Land for no obvious reason, killing those who lagged behind.

Yet this too was not the beginning of antisemitism. Even before the Israelites became a nation, Pharaoh ordered the Hebrew midwives to kill all male newborns.

Haman’s plan to exterminate the Jewish people was almost achieved during the last century when the Nazis managed to destroy a third of all Jews.

If there was hope that the Holocaust would put an end to antisemitism, we were totally wrong. Antisemitism grew stronger and spread around the world. What is it that fuels antisemitism from the 15th century BCE to the present day?

I will not pretend to have the ultimate answer and instead will move to our theme: new antisemitism.

Before doing so, let’s not overlook the fact that classic antisemitism is still thriving as demonstrated by attacks on Jews and synagogues all over the world.

But let’s turn to what is known as “new antisemitism.” There is a positive and a negative aspect behind this phenomenon. On the positive side it demonstrates that people are somewhat uneasy about antisemitism. The negative aspect is that the same people found a way to stick to antisemitism without admitting to it. Antisemitism is thus clothed by anti-Zionism and anti-Jewish statehood.

THE BEST manifestation of new antisemitism seems to be United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted on November 10, 1975, by a sweeping majority of 72 to 35, stating that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination. It is remarkable that Zionism was singled out from all national liberation movements to bear the mark of Cain. And who was blaming Zionism? Gaddafi’s Libya, Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, Idi Amin’s Uganda and the like.

Yet the UN resolution was not the first libel against Jews blaming them for conspiring to rule the world. As early as 1903, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion was published in Russia and distributed all over the United States thanks to the generosity of Henry Ford. These fabricated protocols purported to describe a Jewish plan for global domination. Though proved to be false, the Protocols continues to be influential and fuel what is known as new antisemitism.

So what is new antisemitism?

The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) adopted the following working definition that enjoys popular consent: “Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities…. Manifestations might include the targeting of the State of Israel, conceived as a Jewish collectivity.”

This definition is wide enough to embrace both old and new antisemitism.

In the words of Abba Eban, the late foreign minister of Israel, “The distinction between antisemitism and anti-Zionism is not a distinction at all. Anti-Zionism is merely the new antisemitism. The old classic antisemitism declared that equal rights belong to all individuals within society, except the Jews. The new antisemitism says that the right to establish and maintain an independent national sovereign state is the prerogative of all nations, so long as they happen not to be Jewish.”

But why quote an Israeli minister? This is what Britain’s Lord Chancellor Michael Gove said in 2016: “Back in the Middle Ages, antisemitism was religious, ending in the closure of Jews in ghettos and forceful conversion. At the beginning of the 20th century, antisemitism led to the worst atrocity that humanity ever witnessed under horrifying scientific pretense. Antisemitism changed phases and today it finds its expression in opposition to national collective Jewish identity and to the existence of the State of Israel.”

Under new antisemitism we may include denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination, by claiming that the existence of the State of Israel is a racist endeavor and applying double standards by requiring of it a behavior not expected or demanded of any other democratic nation.

Allegations were made that the novel definition of antisemitism curtails the right to free speech. This allegation is totally false.

In the words of the IHRA, “Manifestations might include the targeting of the State of Israel, conceived as a Jewish collectivity. However, criticism of Israel similar to that leveled against any other country cannot be regarded as antisemitic.”

There are endless examples of targeting the State of Israel using a double standard.

SUFFICE IT to mention a recent case. On May 27, the UN Human Rights Council passed an unprecedented resolution to create a permanent “Commission of Inquiry” to investigate in the "Occupied Palestinian Territory,” including east Jerusalem, and in Israel, all alleged violations of international humanitarian law and all alleged violations and abuses of international human rights law. This would be the first such commission ever with an “ongoing” mandate.

Austrian Ambassador Elisabeth Tichy-Fisslberger said it “continues the regrettable practice of singling out Israel for criticism in the Human Rights Council.”

One should note that the draft resolution was proposed by Pakistan, which no doubt is a human rights-loving state.

And let’s not overlook the World Conference on Racism held in Durban in 2001, which turned into one of the ugliest antisemitic events in history. The draft resolution of that event was composed in Tehran, of all places. Those who unfortunately missed the conference may get the chance to attend the UN’s Durban Conference anniversary event later this year.

One shouldn’t be surprised to learn that 36% of the Council’s resolutions during the years 2003-2017 condemned Israel, the remaining 64% were distributed among such righteous states as Iran, Syria, Libya, Yemen, Sudan and Afghanistan, whereas similar states such as Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and Lebanon have not been condemned even once.

It is worth mentioning in this regard that the 2013 Freedom in the World annual survey and report, which attempts to measure the degree of democracy and political freedom in every nation, ranked Israel as the Middle East's only free country.

This is an appropriate place to discuss the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign. Those who lead the campaign argue that it is a result of Israeli occupation following the 1967 Six Day War. This is not true. Boycotts of Jewish-owned businesses were organized by Arab leaders starting in 1922, 26 years before the establishment of the State of Israel, and 45 years before the 1967 war. As of 1945, the Arab League led the boycott, in which members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation joined.

Of interest is that the boycott damages Palestinians no less than Israelis. Following the 1967 war, several Israeli enterprises established projects at the border of the West Bank, hiring Palestinian workers. Following the development of BDS, many of them moved back to Israel proper leaving behind thousands of jobless people.

Obviously, occupation is not the cause of the BDS campaign but rather its excuse. Even if Israel withdraws from all territories, the boycott won’t end as long as the State of Israel exists.

To use Gove’s words, “The Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement against Israel is antisemitic. They hate Israel, and they wish to wipe out the Jewish people’s home, not because of what Israel does but because of what Israel is – free, democratic, liberal and Western. We need to remind ourselves that defending Israel’s right to exist is defending our common humanity. Now more than ever.”

To sum up, classical or modern, old or new, antisemitism is antisemitism and one of the ugliest manifestations of racism.

The writer is a professor of law, dean of the Peres Academic Center Law School and vice president of the International Association for the Defense of Religious Liberty. This article is based on a presentation at the Religious Freedom & Business Foundation Forum.

以色列數據似乎顯示 COVID 疫苗保護在 6 個月後開始減弱

衛生部提供的數據顯示，大多數最近被感染的接種疫苗的人都在 1 月左右接種了疫苗；有人警告現在下結論還為時過早

通過TOI人員今天，下午 12:56

說明：2021 年 1 月 26 日，一名紅大衛盾會工人在她位於耶路撒冷 Beit Tovei Hair 退休住所的公寓裡，為 95 歲的大屠殺倖存者 Yaffa Balaban 注射了 COVID-19 疫苗。（Yonatan Sindel/Flash90）

週日的一份報告稱，感染了冠狀病毒 Delta 變體的接種疫苗的以色列人和最先接種疫苗的人之間的相關性越來越大，這可能表明疫苗的保護作用會隨著時間的推移而減弱。

然而，一些與衛生部合作的專家警告說，現在下結論還為時過早，因為樣本量太小，最先接種疫苗的主要是老年人，他們的免疫系統本來就較弱。

週四，輝瑞表示將尋求美國批准其第三劑 COVID-19疫苗，並表示在 12 個月內再注射一次可以顯著提高免疫力，並可能有助於抵禦最新的令人擔憂的冠狀病毒株。

該公司醫學研發負責人 Mikael Dolsten 在聲明中表示，以色列 1 月和 2 月接種疫苗的人群感染數據表明，“六個月後，可能存在感染風險，預計抗體會下降。”

週日，Yedioth Ahronoth 日報發表了據稱多爾斯滕所依賴的以色列數據。

該報告稱，衛生部公共衛生服務部門的 Arik Haas 博士最近向衛生部提交了數據，表明“早期接種疫苗的人——主要是在 1 月——與最近感染的人之間的相關性越來越大。”

Mikael Dolsten，輝瑞首席科學家（輝瑞）

數據顯示，疫苗仍然可以保護這些人免受嚴重疾病的侵害。

然而，該報告稱，衛生部內部的許多人認為，關於此事的數據仍不足以得出結論。

廣告

在以色列，最先接種疫苗的主要是 70 歲以上的人，他們更容易感染 COVID-19。

但哈斯認為，即使控制了年齡等因素，再次爆發的主要原因是疫苗的保護作用隨著時間的推移而減弱，而不是德爾塔毒株繞過了它。

在輝瑞提供的 2021 年 3 月的這張照片中，輝瑞-BioNTech COVID-19疫苗的小瓶準備在公司位於比利時普爾的工廠進行包裝。（輝瑞通過 AP）

衛生部周日表示，前一天發現了 261 例新病例，其中 0.6% 的檢測結果呈陽性。

活躍病例4130例，重症病例44例。在過去幾天確認有 5 人死亡後，死亡人數為 6,436 人，此前近兩週沒有人員死亡。

該部表示，5,728,526 名以色列人至少接種了一劑疫苗，5,190,709 人已完全接種疫苗。

Israeli data seems to show COVID vaccine protection starts fading after 6 months

Most of the vaccinated people who have been recently infected got the shot around January, figures given to Health Ministry show; some caution it’s too early to draw conclusions

By TOI STAFFToday, 12:56 pm

Illustrative: A Magen David Adom worker administers a COVID-19 vaccine to Holocaust survivor Yaffa Balaban, 95, at her apartment in Beit Tovei Hair retirement residence in Jerusalem on January 26, 2021. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)

There is a growing correlation between vaccinated Israelis who have been infected with the Delta variant of the coronavirus and those who were among the first to get the vaccine, possibly indicating that the vaccine’s protection fades over time, a report said Sunday.

However, some experts working with the Health Ministry cautioned that it was too early to draw conclusions, since the sample size was too small and those who were vaccinated first are mostly the elderly, who have a weaker immune system to begin with.

On Thursday, Pfizer said it will seek US authorization for a third dose of its COVID-19 vaccine, saying that another shot within 12 months could dramatically boost immunity and maybe help ward off the latest worrisome coronavirus strain.

The company’s head of medical research and development, Mikael Dolsten, said in the statement that data from Israel about infections among people vaccinated in January and February indicated that “after six months, there may be risk of infection with the expected decline of antibodies.”

On Sunday, the Yedioth Ahronoth daily published what it said was the Israeli data Dolsten had relied on.

The report said that Dr. Arik Haas of the Health Ministry’s Public Health Service division had recently presented the data to the ministry, showing that “there is a growing correlation between those who got vaccinated early — mostly in January — and those recently infected.”

Mikael Dolsten, Pfizer’s chief scientist (Pfizer)

The data showed that the vaccine has still protected these people against serious illness.

However, many within the Health Ministry believe the data on the matter is still insufficient to draw conclusions, the report said.

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In Israel, the first to get the shot were mainly people over the age of 70, who are more vulnerable to COVID-19.

But Haas believes that even when controlling for age and other factors, the main reason for the renewed outbreak is that the vaccine’s protection fades over time, not that the Delta strain bypasses it.

In this March 2021 photo provided by Pfizer, vials of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine are prepared for packaging at the company’s facility in Puurs, Belgium. (Pfizer via AP)

The Health Ministry said Sunday that 261 new cases had been detected the day before, with 0.6 percent of tests coming back positive.

There were 4,130 active cases and 44 serious cases. The death toll was at 6,436 after five deaths were confirmed in the last few days, following almost two weeks of no fatalities.

The ministry said 5,728,526 Israelis have received at least one vaccine dose, and 5,190,709 have been fully vaccinated.

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