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RT 38 – Andrew Nash – Implementing transit priority in Zurich
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In this episode Dr James Reynolds talks to Andrew Nash about implementing priority for buses and trams in Zurich, Switzerland. Mr Nash is a Senior Researcher at the St Pölten University of Applied Sciences in Austria. He is also a Lecturer at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and a widely published transport researcher The episode starts with a brief discussion of Mr Nash’s background in transportation and politics. This includes him having stood for election to the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Board of Directors. It is this history of involvement in the politics of transport that has helped shape Mr Nash’s interest in researching implementation, including that of the Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative in Zurich. The Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative provided funding and a mandate to prioritise buses and trams in the City of Zurich. It was passed by voters in a 1977 ballot, having been submitted by members of the public after a proposal to build an underground (metro) system was rejected by the electorate in 1973. Approximately 20 years ago, Mr Nash undertook a research project into the Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative. He and Dr Reynolds initially discuss this research, how the Initiative has led to much success for Zurich’s transit system, and the lessons that can be applied to implementing transit priority in other cities. Mr Nash has recently revisited the topic of Zurich in a new paper written with Professor Dr Francesco Corman and Professor Dr. Thomas Sauter-Servaes. In the latter part of this episode he and Dr Reynolds discuss the motivation for looking at Zurich again now, and the city’s current efforts to prioritise transit and improve conditions for other road users. The discussion also touches on the political challenges of reallocating road space, and how experimenting with trials and pop-ups can help demonstrate and build support for change. Find out more about Andrew Nash and his work at: His website https://andynash.com/ In his 2003 paper on Implementing Zurich’s Transit Priority Program https://www.andynash.com/nash-publications/Nash2003-ZRH-PTpriority-TRR-1835.pdf and In his 2020 paper revisiting Zurich https://www.andynash.com/nash-publications/2020-Nash-Zurich%20Transit%20Priority%20-%20TRA2020-30092019_Nash.pdf Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com
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内容由Researching Transit and Public Transport Research Group提供。所有播客内容（包括剧集、图形和播客描述）均由 Researching Transit and Public Transport Research Group 或其播客平台合作伙伴直接上传和提供。如果您认为有人在未经您许可的情况下使用您的受版权保护的作品，您可以按照此处概述的流程进行操作https://zh.player.fm/legal。
In this episode Dr James Reynolds talks to Andrew Nash about implementing priority for buses and trams in Zurich, Switzerland. Mr Nash is a Senior Researcher at the St Pölten University of Applied Sciences in Austria. He is also a Lecturer at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and a widely published transport researcher The episode starts with a brief discussion of Mr Nash’s background in transportation and politics. This includes him having stood for election to the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Board of Directors. It is this history of involvement in the politics of transport that has helped shape Mr Nash’s interest in researching implementation, including that of the Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative in Zurich. The Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative provided funding and a mandate to prioritise buses and trams in the City of Zurich. It was passed by voters in a 1977 ballot, having been submitted by members of the public after a proposal to build an underground (metro) system was rejected by the electorate in 1973. Approximately 20 years ago, Mr Nash undertook a research project into the Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative. He and Dr Reynolds initially discuss this research, how the Initiative has led to much success for Zurich’s transit system, and the lessons that can be applied to implementing transit priority in other cities. Mr Nash has recently revisited the topic of Zurich in a new paper written with Professor Dr Francesco Corman and Professor Dr. Thomas Sauter-Servaes. In the latter part of this episode he and Dr Reynolds discuss the motivation for looking at Zurich again now, and the city’s current efforts to prioritise transit and improve conditions for other road users. The discussion also touches on the political challenges of reallocating road space, and how experimenting with trials and pop-ups can help demonstrate and build support for change. Find out more about Andrew Nash and his work at: His website https://andynash.com/ In his 2003 paper on Implementing Zurich’s Transit Priority Program https://www.andynash.com/nash-publications/Nash2003-ZRH-PTpriority-TRR-1835.pdf and In his 2020 paper revisiting Zurich https://www.andynash.com/nash-publications/2020-Nash-Zurich%20Transit%20Priority%20-%20TRA2020-30092019_Nash.pdf Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com
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In this episode Prof Graham Currie talks to Prof Marcela Munizaga from the Universidad de Chile. Marcela is Vice Dean at the Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, but also the Vice President at the Santiago Metro. Graham and Marcela initially talk about Marcela’s roles in administration, teaching and research at the University. Marcela outlines her research background in discrete choice modelling and data science. Since 2010 there has been a relationship between the University of Chile and the public transport authority to share data from the ticketing system. The buses and metro systems in Santiago have smartcard ticketing, GPS and automatic vehicle location, which allows origin and destinations of transit users to be determined. Marcella outlines some of the data analysis that the University has done on this rich database. Later in the episode Graham and Marcela discuss Marcela’s role as a member of the board for Metro Santiago. Marcela outlines how the board has a diverse make up, including her as a researcher and academic. Finally, Marcela discusses some of her current research activity on behavioural economics and influencing changes in travel towards more sustainable options. Marcela has also recently been working on experiments involving economic incentives, crowd sourcing service quality data such as crowding, and messaging to encourage greater transit use. Find out more about Marcela and her work at: Twitter - @mamuniza ORCID profile - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-5124 Research Gate profile - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marcela-Munizaga LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcela-munizaga-61b0a696/ Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
This episode’s guest is Associate Professor Jan-Dirk Schmöcker from the Department of Urban Management at Kyoto University in Japan. Jan-Dirk has been in Japan for 15 years, 12 of them at Kyoto University. He is part of the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) group at the university and has a background in transportation planning and assignment modelling. In this episode Jan-Dirk explains his research about hyperpaths on the transit. These relate to the range of options available to transit riders, representing a set of paths through the network. Together with understand a strategy (such as boarding the first arriving bus), these hyperpaths can be used to better understand how passengers make choices. Jan-Dirk also describes some of his research into bus bunching and the choices passengers might have between boarding an overcrowded first bus or a second, relatively empty bus. Graham and Jan-Dirk also discuss Jan-Dirk’s research into the benefits of unreliability. This relates to the way that users might learn other parts of the network when there are service disruptions, crowding or other problems that force them to seek an alternate route. This may result in users discovering better options to their usual route. In unreliable transportation systems travellers also arguably experience their environment more. Towards the end of the episode Jan-Dirk describes some of his work on transit fares. This has included looking at trends in fare structures, with some cities moving towards flat-fare pricing (which is easier to understand) while others are moving towards pricing that better reflects the marginal cost each passenger imposes on the system. Jan-Dirk discusses how much of the focus has been on the spatial dimension: whether to have a flat-fare, or a zonal or other distance-based pricing structure. In contrast, there has been less attention paid to other aspects of fare policy-making, such as the impacts of discounts for frequent users and daily/weekly/monthly/yearly passes, special pricing for particular user groups, and the impact of transit operators obtaining significant amounts of their revenue from non-transit businesses. Finally, Jan-Dirk discusses some of his work using Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data to understand passengers’ origins and destinations. He also discusses his current research into using big data and crowd sourcing to better understand travel and activity patterns. Among others he is using Google Popular Times data and Twitter data to understand how tourists are using public transport in Kyoto. Find out more about Jan-Dirk and his work at: His biography on the Kyoto University website at: https://trans.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/its/Schmoecker.html His publications at: Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=DIFXh60AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jan-Dirk-Schmoecker World Transit Research: https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/do/search/?q=Jan-Dirk%20Schm%C3%B6cker%20&start=0&context=1060035&facet= and a recent project on using crowdsourced data at: https://concert-japan-daruma.github.io/ Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
In this episode Professor Graham Currie meets with Professor Stefan Voß, who is Director of the Institute of Information Systems and (until the end of 2022 was) the Dean of the Hamburg Business School at the University of Hamburg. Stefan has a background in mathematics, computer science and related fields. He and Graham discuss this and the fields of operations and information management, including the application of artificial intelligence and heuristics to public transport and other scheduling problems. Stefan outlines research he has done on timetable synchronisation (sometimes referred to as timetable coordination). Much of this has been in partnership with industry, and Stefan and Graham briefly discuss some of the challenges of publishing research within the constraints of commercial confidentiality. Robustness in transport systems is another of Stefan’s other areas of research interest. He outlines work he has done on the Hamburg public transport system looking at predicting service delays and developing a mathematical formulation of robustness. Stefan was also an co-author on A Scientometric Analysis of Public Transport Research, published in the Journal of Public Transportation (DOI: http://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.18.2.8, available at: https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jpt/vol18/iss2/8). This paper undertook a broad review of the Public Transport research, looking at key authors, journals and other aspects of the field. Graham and Stefan discuss the use of Impact Factors in assessing the importance of research outputs, and Stefan highlights how the scientometric analysis findings might suggest that the current emphasis on Impact Factor may not provide a full picture of which publications are particularly important to the field. Moving on to discuss upcoming research, Stefan talks about his current work using digital twins to better understand power usage at container terminals. Graham and Stefan briefly discuss how similar issues of power supply may be turning out to be a problem for public transport depots that need to provide electric bus recharging. Stefan also talks about how digital twins might support research into, and the management of, public transport networks. Find out more about Stefan and his work at: his profile page at the University of Hamburg at https://www.bwl.uni-hamburg.de/en/iwi/team/mitglieder/stefan-voss.html his publications at World Transit Research at https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/do/search/?q=author%3A(%20stefan%20vo%C3%9F%20)&start=0&context=1060035&sort=score&facet= his ORCID page at https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-4221 Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
1 RT 46 – Avi Ceder – From Bus Driving to Transit Scheduling and Visioning Future Cities that Work 37:04
Researching Transit comes to you again from the Conference on Advanced Systems in Public Transport (CASPT2022) in Tel Aviv, Israel. In this episode Professor Graham Currie met with another of the conference organisers, Professor Avi Ceder. Avi is the Emeritus Professor at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and at the Transportation Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology. He is also a former Zhi-xing Professor at Beijing Jiaotong University (BJTU) and Honorary Professor at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Avi is an expert on public transport scheduling, and the author of Public Transit Planning and Operation: Theory, Modeling and Practice. Graham and Avi first talk about Avi’s background and experience as a bus driver, PhD student, academic and now Emeritus Professor. Avi got into transit scheduling having taught operations management subjects, and as a consultant to an Israeli bus company prior to development of computerised scheduling tools. Graham and Avi discuss the development of, and research into, transit scheduling theory and tools. They then move onto discuss a recent paper Avi authored on Syncing sustainable urban mobility with public transit policy trends based on global data analysis in Nature Scientific Reports (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93741-4). Avi outlines four issues with road traffic discussed in this paper: crashes, congestion, pollution and space used by parked vehicles. He also discusses the paper’s study of 17 cities, and exploration of what the shift to autonomous vehicles might mean for transportation, transit and the number of vehicles that will be needed in the future. Graham and Avi discuss some of the opportunities that are presented by COVID-19, autonomous vehicles and other shifts. Avi’s Nature paper discusses how autonomous vehicles, if publicly owned / shared, may allow cities to reallocate road and parking space to other uses. He and Graham discuss how a future with widespread private ownership and use might, instead, result in more vehicles, lower occupancy and increase congestion. Later in the episode Avi discusses his work on deficit functions that can be use in the optimisation of vehicle numbers and minimisation of waiting time. Avi also outlines the concept of Just Noticeable Difference (JND), being the threshold at which people might distinguish between different costs, waiting times or other aspects of alternative transport options. This might be used as an input to mobile phone-based trip planning software, to personalise route recommendations to individual preferences in real-time. Find out more about Avi and his work at his: Avi’s webpage at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology at https://ceder.net.technion.ac.il/ Avi’s webpage as an International Associate of Monash’s Public Transport Research Group (PTRG) at http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/our-team/international-associates/avi-ceder-2/ Avi’s publications at: World Transit Research at https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/do/search/?q=author_lname%3A%22Ceder%22&start=0&context=1060035&facet=#query-results Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
Our guest for this episode of Researching Transit is Professor Marcus Enoch of Loughborough University. Graham and Marcus discuss Marcus’ somewhat sudden commencement of his PhD studies at the Open University, with a research topic agreed to in the taxi from the railway station! They also discuss the 18 months of journalism Marcus undertook for Local Transport Today. Marcus’ research has included studying transport in Mauritius and Cuba. This work, with James Warren, approaches island transport almost as laboratory for new ideas given that it is easier to understand what is going on when systems are constrained by geography. Marcus also briefly discusses his work about transport in a cultural island, having published a paper in the Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies about Transport Practices in Amish Communities (https://doi.org/10.18061/1811/59689). More recently Marcus has been publishing about transport convergence, which links somewhat to the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept. Newer modes such as ride share, Demand Responsive Transport (DRT), micro-mobility modes such as electric scooters and bike share, and car share may be leading towards the convergence of transport services by bridging the gaps between the more established modes. Marcus briefly discusses how this relates to his work in New Zealand on the Public Transport 2045 strategy, which included interviewing experts from across the world and developing four scenarios for how public transport will evolve. Marcus also tells us about some of his recent projects on predicting station passenger demand using machine learning, and an internet of things systems for seat sensors on buses: the Bus Seating Information Technology (BusSIT) project. BusSIT was reported in a recent paper in the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) Intelligent Transport Systems journal (https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2019.0529). Marcus has also done research on travel plans for the European Commission and Transport for London. Travel plans relate to how employers, especially large organisations such asuniversities, have a much larger influence on how people travel to and from their site than do transport agencies. Marcus has written a book on sustainable transport and travel plans (Enoch, M. (2016). Sustainable Transport, Mobility Management and Travel Plans. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis) which has helped to move travel plans away from being something that is done solely because of a local planning requirement. They also discuss Marcus’ review of 100+ Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) schemes (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.11.004). Finally, Marcus and Graham discuss Marcus’ future research, including a project about booking a `slot’ prior to starting a journey by car. Marcus is also looking at how falls on hard surface can lead to injury, and the economic feasibility of rolling out soft surfaces, such as might be found in a children’s playground, to reduce pedestrian trauma. Also in the works is a series of eight science fiction novels on the future of transport, looking at different potential outcomes and technologies. Find out more about Marcus and his work at: His biography on the Loughborough University website https://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/abce/staff/marcus-enoch/ https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3D%22Enoch%2C+Marcus%22&itemType=book&itemSubType=book-printbook%2Cbook-digital New Zealand’s Public Transport 2045 at https://www.transport.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Paper/Public-Transport-2045.pdf His publications at: Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6bIPO3oAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra World Transit Research https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/do/search/?q=author_lname%3A%22Enoch%22%20AND%20author_fname%3A%22Marcus%22&start=0&context=1060035&sort=date_desc&facet= Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
Researching Transit comes to you this episode from the Conference on Advanced Systems in Public Transport (CASPT2022) in Tel Aviv, Israel. Here Professor Graham Currie met with one of the conference organisers, Dr Yuval Hadas from Bar-Ilan University, which is in Ramat Gan, a city near Tel Aviv. Yuval is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Management and the Head of Supply Chain Management and Logistics Graduate programs. Graham and Yuval initially discuss the Department’s focus on city logistics and supply-chain management. However, freight movement has many similarities to people movement, and Yuval’s research and work provide connections to transit, Mobility as a Service (MaaS) and transport management. Yuval describes how transfers are an inevitable, yet difficult, part of public transport. He and Graham discuss how networks can be designed to minimise transfers (as in Paul Mees’ ‘Squaresville’ model), but that transfer-free, point-to-point services for all riders are not practical. Yuval then outlines his research about improving transfers for passengers using real-time service changes, such as skipping stops, to optimise outcomes. He and Graham briefly discuss some of the challenges with implementation, with real-time changes to services unlikely to be popular with those passengers waiting at a skipped stop regardless of overall benefits. However, Yuval highlights that real-time fare pricing adjustments might be one way to offset impacts on different users. This connects to Yuval’s other research on dynamic fare pricing for transit services. Graham and Yuval discuss how variable pricing is already well established in transport systems. Examples include congestion-based road pricing systems, some toll lanes, and off-peak ticketing for some transit services. However, dynamic pricing in transit is, as yet, only informal and non-financial, with passengers often incentivised to wait for the next bus or travel outside of peak times to avoid crowding. Yuval discusses his research examining how this might be taken to the next level, with passengers offered a discount to avoid boarding an overcrowded vehicle. This might allow space to be left available for those further down the line, those with special needs, or those who are not as able or willing to travel later. Yuval also outlines his research into bus lanes and similar priority measures for on-road transit services. This focuses on evaluating priority across an entire network, not just on a segment-by-segment basis. The research seeks to develop a set of solutions that have similar overall (technical) benefits, rather than just a single `optimal’ solution, so that decision-makers can take non-technical issues into consideration when selecting a desired option. Chewing gum might seem an odd topic for transit, but Yuval has been involved research about this, caffeine and bus driver vigilance. He and Graham discuss a case-control study that found caffeinated chewing-gum improved driver performance in less than ten minutes, whereas an ordinary cup of coffee did not (see https://doi.org/10.3141/2602-04). Finally, Yuval briefly tells Graham about some of his current research looking into electric vehicles, batteries and power supply. Find out more about Yuval and his work at his: • Biography at the Bar-Ilan University website https://management.biu.ac.il/en/yuvalhadas • LinkedIn profile at https://www.linkedin.com/in/yuval-hadas-841b315/ • Publications at: • Google Scholar https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?hl=en&user=64jXi9wAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate • ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-846X • World Transit Research at https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/do/search/?q=author_lname%3A%22Hadas%22%20author_fname%3A%22Yuval%22&start=0&context=1060035&facet= Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
In this episode of Researching Transit Professor Graham Currie talks to Professor Martin Trépanier from Polytechnique Montréal. Martin is part of the Department of Mathematical and Industrial Engineering, and also the Director of the Interuniversity Research Centre on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation (CIRRELT), and Director Chair in Transport Transformation. At the start of the episode Martin and Graham discuss Polytechnique Montréal and Martin’s role teaching in information systems engineering and in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) for a logistics program. They then move on to discusses Martin’s research using smartcard data. This came out connections with local operators developed during initial work on household travel surveys. Martin was at the cutting edge when smartcard ticketing systems were first introduced to transit services. These systems provide very large volumes of data about ridership, travel patterns and operations, yet are only a relatively recent development in the field. Towards the end of the episode Graham and Martin discuss Martin’s other research interests in car- and bike-sharing, Mobility As A Service (MAAS) and operations research. They also talk about the Transition platform, which is a tool for planning transit networks developed by Martin’s group. It is now available online at http://transition.city Find out more about Martin and his work at: his profile page at Polytechnique Montréal https://www.polymtl.ca/expertises/en/trepanier-martin Martin’s publications on World Transit Research at https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/do/search/?q=author_lname%3A%22Tr%C3%A9panier%22%20AND%20author_fname%3A%22Martin%22&start=0&context=1060035&sort=date_desc&facet= and on Scopus at https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6603041080 Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
This episode of Researching Transit again comes to you all the way from the United Kingdom, as Prof Graham Currie chats with (Emeritus) Prof Peter White from the University of Westminster. Peter has had a long and varied career in teaching and research at Westminster, having joined the university in 1971, back when it was known as the Polytechnic of Central London. He became a Professor in 1992 and has been Emeritus Professor of Public Transport Systems since 2015. Peter is also the author of Public Transport: its Planning, Management and Operation, which is now in its sixth edition (2017) having first been published in 1976. Graham and Peter discuss the privatisation and deregulation of much of the UK’s public transport networks. They discuss Peter’s research in this area, including work looking at the use of minibuses to provide higher-frequency services with lower operating costs per vehicle. Graham ad Peter touch on some of the trade-offs involved, how the cost of the driver and whether there is a differentiation between wages for driving large and small buses can impact operational planning, and the importance of frequency in public transport. Peter has had, and continues to have, an active role in teaching at the university. He and Graham discuss Peter’s current involvement in this area, and how this ties in with his research. Peter also discusses some of the master’s research he has supervised on the societal costs of car miles travelled to reach bus park-and-ride, looking at how longer rural car trips to reach park-and-ride facilities may be preferable to shorter car trips that penetrate into urban centres. Find out more about Peter and his work at: his University of Westminster profile page at https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/researcher/88w32 the page for Public Transport: its Planning, Management and Operation and https://www.amazon.com.au/Public-Transport-Management-Operation-Environment-ebook/dp/B01MTYHOG2 Peter’s publications at https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/do/search/?q=author_lname%3A%22White%22%20AND%20author_fname%3A%22Peter%22&start=0&context=1060035&sort=date_desc&facet= and https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7404089426 Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com Note: The bus based park and ride research paper mentioned by Peter White (20 mins) was undertaken by Gareth Mills and Peter White; It is the paper: Gareth Mills, Peter White (2018) "Evaluating the long-term impacts of bus-based park and ride" Research in Transportation Economics,Volume 69, 2018, Pages 536-543.…
Researching Transit continues in the United Kingdom, heading further north for this episode to talk with Professor Karen Lucas of the University of Manchester. Karen is Professor of Human Geography and Deputy Director at the Manchester Urban Institute. She is also the Director of Research in the Department of Geography within the School of Environment, Education and Development (SEED) and leads the Transport and Mobilities research Group (also in the Manchester Urban Institute). Karen and Graham discuss the importance of transport in improving social inclusion, and Karen’s work as an academic advisor to policy makers and England’s Social Exclusion Unit. This included her involvement in the “Making the connections: final report on transport and social exclusion”, published in 2003 and available at http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/@invest/documents/publication/wcms_asist_8210.pdf. This report includes tools and policy recommendations for improving social outcomes related to transport and transit, and more generally given that this is a whole-of-government issue. Later in the episode, Karen talks about her recent work on social inclusiveness in public transport in developing countries. She outlines how the issues are generally the same as elsewhere, only more intense. Karen and Graham also discuss how the interest in the social inclusion field has grown significantly in recent years. Towards the end of the episode, Karen and Graham discuss policies relating to transport subsidises in the UK. They contrast the lack of free transport for school children (outside of London) with the introduction of free fares after 9am for older people. Karen also outlines the need for integrated and inclusive geographical approaches in research and policy-making that take into account land use and social needs, rather than focusing on only ‘fixing public transport’. Find out more about Karen and her work at: her University of Manchester profile page at https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/persons/karen.lucas the Transport and Mobilities pages at https://www.mui.manchester.ac.uk/research/themes/transport-and-mobilities/ Karen’s publications on World Transit Research at https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/do/search/?q=author_lname%3A%22Lucas%22%20AND%20author_fname%3A%22Karen%22&start=0&context=1060035&sort=date_desc&facet= and Scopus at https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7103189191 Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
1 RT 40 – Richard Anderson – International Transit Benchmarking Research at Imperial College London 36:35
This episode comes to you from Imperial College London, in the United Kingdom, where Prof Graham Currie recently met with Richard Anderson. Richard is the Managing Director of the Applied Research group within the Transport Strategy Centre (TSC) at Imperial’s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. He leads the group’s industry facing work on benchmarking across metro, heavy rail, light rail, bus and airport systems, with Associate Directors Alexander Barron, Ben Condry and Mark Trompet. Graham and Richard discuss the group’s 28 year long programme comparing and analysing the performance of transit systems from around the world. They discuss how context is especially important in benchmarking, because of the large variation in operating conditions. To understand fare-box revenue, operating costs or other characteristics on one system there is a need to compare with analogous systems that have similar contexts. As well as annual network benchmarking at the strategic planning level, the TSC has also undertaken comparisons on more tactical issues. Richard discusses an example of work that was done to benchmark the London Underground’s procurement policies for escalators. By understanding the escalator specifications used by other metro systems of similar age and context to London, TSC found that the Underground could shift away from ordering bespoke escalators to a more generic heavy duty model, saving 100s of millions of pounds in procurement costs. Towards the end of the episode, Graham and Richard discuss recent work that TSC has done in response to COVID-19. The structure of the benchmarking groups, as a coalition of member organisations, has allowed rapid knowledge-sharing about COVID-19 responses amongst operators. TSC’s history of benchmarking on specific topics has also meant that member organisations already had access to learnings from SARS pandemic in the early 2000s, and comparisons of the effectiveness of the various responses by different transit operators (e.g. Hong Kong, Canada). Find out more about Richard and his work at: the Transport Strategy Centre’s website at https://www.imperial.ac.uk/transport-studies/transport-strategy-centre/applied-research/ the Centre for Transport Studies website at https://www.imperial.ac.uk/transport-studies Richard’s profile page at https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/richard.anderson the COVID-19 benchmarking public report at https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/research-centres-and-groups/centre-for-transport-studies/tsc/covid-19/Imperial-College-London-TSC---COVID19-Benchmarking-Review-of-Recent-Activities-(Public-Report)---July-2022.pdf Community of Metros at https://communityofmetros.org/ the International Bus Benchmarking Group (IBBG) at https://busbenchmarking.org/background/ and the International Suburban Rail Benchmarking Group (ISBERGISBeRG) at https://www.isberg-web.org/ Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
In this episode Prof Graham Currie talks to Christian Wolmar, a prolific author and journalist specialising in transport and railway history. Christian studied economics at Warwick University, but after graduating in 1971 began a career as a journalist. In 1992 he became the transport correspondent at The Independent newspaper. He has since written over 20 books and is a regular contributor to The Times, The Guardian and many other publications. At the start of this episode Graham and Christian briefly discuss the importance of the railways: in wartime; in providing support for city development and growth; and in binding nations together. They talk about how the transcontinental railway had a role in uniting the states of America, and how the trans-Siberian railway linked east and west. Christian’s book “Are Trams Socialist?” is also discussed in the episode, and Christian relates how the book is about public transit and roads being seen as competitors rather than components of the same transport system. Using higher capacity modes, trams and trains rather than cars, to move people around in dense urban environments is an obvious solution. However, as Christian highlights, the reality is that most cities have done away with their (historical) tram networks, and now face challenges related to traffic congestion. Later in the episode, Graham and Christian discuss his book “Driverless Car: A road to nowhere”. Christian talks about: how the technical issues of autonomous vehicles are enormous; why the shared-use model appears to be flawed; and how semi-autonomous vehicles raise safety concerns. He also outlines “the Holborn problem”. This relates to how autonomous vehicles might never be able to get through busy areas (like that around Holborn station in London, UK) because, along the lines of Asimov’s three laws of robotics, driverless cars will always have to stop for pedestrians. Hence, anyone might be able to stop any car at any time, simply by stepping into the street. Graham notes that Christian’s journalism and writing is informed by research, but may often be closer to asking the real questions than texts coming from academia, which might tend to have a narrower focus. Along similar lines, Christian discusses his current book project about the importance of railways for the WW2 D-Day landings, and how this topic is often overlooked by historians. The book will also discuss how the British and USA railway networks were vital for the movement of troops and supplies, and as a component of the wartime logistics systems. Find out more about Christian and his work at: https://www.christianwolmar.co.uk https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=8957703600 https://markwalkerg.podbean.com/ Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
In this episode Dr James Reynolds talks to Andrew Nash about implementing priority for buses and trams in Zurich, Switzerland. Mr Nash is a Senior Researcher at the St Pölten University of Applied Sciences in Austria. He is also a Lecturer at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and a widely published transport researcher The episode starts with a brief discussion of Mr Nash’s background in transportation and politics. This includes him having stood for election to the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District Board of Directors. It is this history of involvement in the politics of transport that has helped shape Mr Nash’s interest in researching implementation, including that of the Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative in Zurich. The Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative provided funding and a mandate to prioritise buses and trams in the City of Zurich. It was passed by voters in a 1977 ballot, having been submitted by members of the public after a proposal to build an underground (metro) system was rejected by the electorate in 1973. Approximately 20 years ago, Mr Nash undertook a research project into the Citizen’s Transit Priority Initiative. He and Dr Reynolds initially discuss this research, how the Initiative has led to much success for Zurich’s transit system, and the lessons that can be applied to implementing transit priority in other cities. Mr Nash has recently revisited the topic of Zurich in a new paper written with Professor Dr Francesco Corman and Professor Dr. Thomas Sauter-Servaes. In the latter part of this episode he and Dr Reynolds discuss the motivation for looking at Zurich again now, and the city’s current efforts to prioritise transit and improve conditions for other road users. The discussion also touches on the political challenges of reallocating road space, and how experimenting with trials and pop-ups can help demonstrate and build support for change. Find out more about Andrew Nash and his work at: His website https://andynash.com/ In his 2003 paper on Implementing Zurich’s Transit Priority Program https://www.andynash.com/nash-publications/Nash2003-ZRH-PTpriority-TRR-1835.pdf and In his 2020 paper revisiting Zurich https://www.andynash.com/nash-publications/2020-Nash-Zurich%20Transit%20Priority%20-%20TRA2020-30092019_Nash.pdf Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
This is the fifteenth episode in Researching Transit’s Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode Professor Graham Currie talks to Professor Jeff Brown and Dr Joel Mendez about funding public transport. Professor Brown is from the College of Social Sciences & Public Policy at Florida State University. He is Department Chair, Associate Dean for Strategic Initiatives and the Interim Associate Dean for Research at the Department of Urban & Regional Planning. Dr Mendez is Assistant Professor at the University of Kansas’ Urban Planning Program. The episode starts with a brief discussion of Professor Brown’s background in transportation finance and policy, planning history, and public transport. He talks about how he got into research and early work with Donald Shoup on using unlimited transit passes to help reduce parking demand at universities. Professor Brown also discusses his research on streetcars and the influences on US cities to invest in this mode. Professor Currie then talks to Dr Joel Mendez about his background and research about equity and public transport, including recent work about a zero fare policy in Kansas. This is followed by a discussion about the eleventh chapter of the Handbook of Public Transport Research: Paying for public transport, which was authored by Dr Mendez, Professor James Wood, Assistant Professor Dristi Neog and Professor Brown. The chapter includes material about the benefits and cost of public transport, transit subsidies, and the challenges of providing sufficient resources to support operations and capital improvements. Dr Mendez, Professor Brown and Professor Currie discuss how paying for public transport is linked to its purpose, and how there are often many benefits of providing transit that accrue to non-users. This is part of the reason that many US services are supported by local sales taxes or other revenue streams, instead of just passenger fares. They discuss systems, such as the U-Pass, where a university makes a bulk payment to an operator in return for all students receiving free or subsidised travel. Payroll taxes, intergovernmental grants and transit funding through the US highway trust fund are also covered in the episode. Professor Brown emphasises the importance of having diverse funding sources. This might involve non-traditional forms of financing, which Dr Mendez discusses towards the end of the episode. They could also include joint development, revenue and cost sharing agreements, and other ways of capturing the property value benefits that occur when transit services are provided. Find out more about: This research in Chapter 11 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Professor Jeff Brown and his work at https://coss.fsu.edu/durp/faculty/jeff-brown/; and Dr Mendez and his work at https://kupa.ku.edu/joel-mendez Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
This is the fourteenth episode in Researching Transit's Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Currie talks to Professor Juan Carlos Munoz from the Department of Transport and Logistics Engineering at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Professor Munoz is the Director of the Center for Sustainable Urban Development (CEDUS) and also the Director of the Institute for Sustainable Development. At the beginning of this episode, Professor Munoz talks about these two organisations and how they differ in scope and focus. He also discusses his research in public transport operations and the management of headway, demand and capacity. Professor Munoz is the lead author of the seventeenth chapter of the Handbook of Public Transport Research: ACES technologies and public transport operations and control. The chapter discusses Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared (ACES) vehicles and how they are expected to disrupt public transportation. In this episode, Professor Munoz and Professor Currie talk about these emerging technologies and some of the opportunities and threats that they pose for transit operators. This includes discussion of autonomous buses, and how vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications might help to improve service provision. Towards the end of the episode, Professor Munoz highlights policy and governance issues related to these new technologies, and some of the future challenges that may be faced as ACES vehicles are introduced into cities. Find out more about this research in Chapter 17 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Find out more about Professor Juan Carlos Munoz and his work at https://jcmunozpuc.wordpress.com/ Department of Transport Engineering and Logistics at https://www.ing.uc.cl/transporte-y-logistica/ Institute for Sustainable Development at www.ids.uc.cl at the Center for Sustainable Urban Development (CEDEUS) at https://www.cedeus.cl/ And in a video on innovative ‘Out of the Box’ ideas in transport from Juan Carlos’s research team at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2PcgDt4cFs (in Spanish with English subtitles) Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
This is the thirteenth episode in the Researching Transit Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode Professor Graham Currie talks to Assistant Professor Niels van Oort from the Technical University of Delft (TU Delft). Assistant Professor van Oort is the Co-Director of the Smart Public Transport Lab in the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences. The Smart PT Lab has previously been discussed in Episode 24 of this podcast, when Professor Graham Currie spoke to the other Co-Director, Associate Professor Oded Cats (see http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/portfolio-item/rt24-handbook-of-public-transport-research-network-resilience-and-the-smart-public-transport-lab/). Assistant Professor van Oort is the author of the thirteenth chapter of the Handbook of Public Transport Research: Service reliability: a planning and operations perspective. This chapter discusses the elements of service reliability, the impact of service reliability on passengers, indicators that are used to measure reliability and variability, and how to make improvements. In this episode, Assistant Professor van Oort talks about the research behind the handbook chapter, including his PhD thesis and subsequent work. Some of the topics discussed are: the factors that can impact service reliability; the need for perspectives across strategic, tactical and operational levels; and bridging the gaps between front-line staff, management and researchers. Data sets, modelling and the practicality of optimal solutions are also discussed. The podcast episode closes with a discussion of current research topics in public transport reliability. Assistant Professor van Oort notes the growing importance of demand side perspectives to better understand passenger experiences. This includes greater consideration of access and egress to transit systems, and understanding the different impacts that are experienced by passengers when a service is running slightly early versus slightly late. Find out more about this research in Chapter 13 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Find out more about Assistant Professor Niels van Oort and his work: at TU Delft at https://www.tudelft.nl/en/ceg/about-faculty/departments/transport-planning/staff/personal-pages/oort-n-van and at the Smart Public Transport Lab at http://smartptlab.tudelft.nl/ Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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This is the twelfth episode in Researching Transit's Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode Professor Graham Currie talks to Associate Professor Wijnand Veeneman from the Technical University of Delft (TU Delft). Associate Professor Veeneman is part the Organisation and Governance Section in TU Delft’s Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management. He is also: the Scientific Director of Next Generation Infrastructure, a cooperation between six major infrastructure managers in the Netherlands; a member of the TRAIL research school, which is an organisation for Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics across six Netherlands Universities; on the advisory council of the Netherlands Institute of Government; and on the editorial board of Tijdschrift Vervoerswetenschap (Netherlands Transport Science Magazine). Associate Professor Veeneman has been researching governance in public transport since undertaking his PhD. In this episode he and Professor Currie first briefly discuss his thesis, which is titled Mind the Gap: Bridging Theories and Practice for the Organisation of Metropolitan Public Transport. Links to the thesis are provided below. This episode of the podcast focuses on the eighth chapter of the Handbook of Public Transport Research: The governance of public transport: towards integrated design, which is authored by Associate Professor Veeneman. He and Professor Currie discuss rule sets, which support the decision-making of the many actors involved in transit. The book chapter provides details about the four levels of rule sets (culture, laws, arrangements and transactions), and how these are relevant to transit governance. In this episode, Associate Professor Veeneman and Professor Currie also discuss how a good starting point in designing a governance system for a public transport network is to first understand the context and local culture. Find out more about this research in Chapter 8 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Find out more about Associate Professor Wijnand Veeneman and his work at: TU Delft at https://www.tudelft.nl/tbm/over-de-faculteit/afdelingen/multi-actor-systems/people/associate-professors/dr-ww-wijnand-veeneman the TRAIL Research School for Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics at http://rstrail.nl/ and Next Generation Infrastructure at https://www.nginfra.nl/english/ Associate Professor Wijnand Veeneman’s PhD thesis Mind the Gap: Bridging Theories and Practice for the Organisation of Metropolitan Public Transport is available at: https://www.academia.edu/667427/Mind_the_Gap and https://www.amazon.com/Mind-Gap-organisation-metropolitan-transport/dp/9040723087 Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
This is the eleventh episode in Researching Transit's Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Currie talks to Associate Professor Selby Coxon of Monash University’s Department of Design. Associate Professor Coxon is the Director of the Mobility Design Lab and also the Associate Dean Graduate Research for the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture. He has been involved in industrial design in both academia and the commercial sector for around 30 years. Professor Currie and Associate Professor Selby Coxon discuss the work of the Mobility Design Lab, which is focused around two themes: decarbonising transport; and developing mobility solutions for dense urban environments. The Mobility Design Lab builds on Monash University’s long history of educating students who went on to work in the automotive industry, but adopts a broader focus to also consider public transport and other forms of mobility, not just personal cars. Examples of research from the Mobility Design Lab have previously been discussed with Dr Robbie Napper on episode 21 of this podcast. This episode focuses on the sixth chapter of the Handbook of Public Transport Research: The power of design to enrich the public transport experience. The chapter was authored by Associate Professor Coxon, Dr Robbie Napper, Dr Ilya Fridman and Dr Vincent Moug. It discusses how design processes can be used to improve transport systems, and takes the reader through the British Design Council’s “Double Diamond model”. This model involves iterative steps based on 4Ds: Discover, Define, Develop and Deliver, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 - Double Diamond design process, based on British Design Council. Source: Coxon et al. (2021, p. 94) In this episode Associate Professor Coxon discusses how the design process involves both divergent and convergent thinking. In the first step (Discover) designers seek to gain a broad understanding of the issues to be addressed. The second step (Define) involves synthesising collected data, developing an understanding of the key issues to be addressed, and ultimately converging back to create a design specification. This is followed by a return to divergent thinking in the third step (Develop) as designers seek to draw, explore and test potential solutions. In the final step of the process (Deliver) the designer seeks to converge the potential solutions into a design output. Overall the design process is a form of action research, where the research is done through the production of a new design, process or object. Towards the end of this episode Associate Professor Coxon discusses some of the challenges for research in industrial design, and also some of the benefits that can be gained through adopting design approaches more broadly in practice. While these have already been widely applied to increase the attractiveness of private automobiles, there appears to be much opportunity for such approaches to be used more generally to improve transit and mobility systems. Find out more about this research in Chapter 6 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Find out more about Associate Professor Selby Coxon and his work: https://www.monash.edu/mada/about-us/people/selby-coxon Find out more about the Mobility Design Lab: https://www.monash.edu/mada/research/labs/mobility-design-lab Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com References: Coxon, S, Napper, R, Fridman, I & Moug, V 2021, 'The power of design to enrich the public transport experience', in G Currie (ed.), Handbook of Public Transport Research, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, pp. 92-114.…
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This is the tenth episode in Researching Transit's Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Dr Laura Aston talks to Professor Graham Currie and Dr Carlyn Muir. Dr Muir is a Senior Research Fellow at the Monash University Accident Research Centre, and has a background in policy and research in public health and safety. Together with Dr Mustafizur Rahaman and Dr Alexa Delbosc, Professor Currie and Dr Muir have co-authored Chapter 5 in the Handbook of Public Transport: Personal safety on public transport: research frontiers and new tools for an old problem. Dr Muir and Professor Currie discuss the complicated relationships and feedback loops between passengers’ perceptions of safety, ridership and safety through numbers effects, and the actual incidence of crime. Previous research on 10 transit systems around the world found that personal safety was the top passenger concern in every system, while a UK study indicates that 10% of people would consider using transit if measures were taken to address their fears about a lack of personal safety. The Chapter is based on PhD research by Dr Rahaman, which developed a Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) audit tool for railway stations. CPTED is a multi-disciplinary approach that is about reducing crime and providing deterrence through the use of: Surveillance (formal and natural), Access control (e.g., fencing), Motivation reinforcement (e.g., alarms, gates), Maintenance/image control (e.g., cleanliness), and Territoriality and Activity support. This research is the first time that the CPTED approach has been applied to transit. It developed a framework and scoring approach that allows a railway station to be audited in around half a day. The framework components and the scoring approach are shown in Figure 1 (http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/RT32-Figure1.png) Figure 2 shows the results of structural equation modelling undertaken as part of the PhD project, which made some unexpected and nuanced findings. The study found that the Perception Of Safety (POS) at railway stations is most directly influenced by feelings of safety within the neighbourhood surrounding the railway station (0.49). This has important policy implications, as transit operators typically do not have any role or responsibilities beyond the railway property boundary. Figure 2: http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/RT32-Figure2.jpg The next most important factors were satisfaction with CPTED (0.43) and concern about Anti-Social Behaviour (ASB) (-0.18). However, there was not a direct link between experiencing ASB and POS. Rather, the results found a link between experiencing ASB and experiencing threats on public transport, which linked to POS (-0.13). Find out more about this research in Chapter 5 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. A paper has also been pushed in Transportation Research Record about this research, and is available at https://doi.org/10.3141/2540-01. This paper won the 2016 William W. Millar Award for the best paper in public transport at the Transportation Research Board’s Annual General Meeting. Find out more about Professor Graham Currie and his work: https://www.monash.edu/engineering/grahamcurrie Find out more about Dr Carlyn Muir and her work: https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/carlyn-muir Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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Researching Transit
1 RT31 – Alexa Delbosc & Graham Currie: The paradigm shift in revenue protection research and practice 41:46
This is the ninth episode in Researching Transit's Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Laura Aston speaks to Dr Alexa Delbosc and Professor Graham Currie. Today’s guests will be familiar to man. Dr Delbosc was interviewed in episode 22, addressing the psychology of public transport. She is a lecturer with the Institute of Transport Studies in the Department of Civil Engineering at Monash University. Professor Currie, your regular host and editor of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, is Director of the Public Transport Research Group at Monash University. Today they discuss Chapter 7 of the Handbook: The Paradigm Shift in Revenue Protection Research and Practice. The chapter is unique in providing a case study in impactful industry partnership. It presents the findings of a major program of research, funded by Victoria’s Department of Transport, which generated major economic savings for the State. Our guests set the scene by explaining the impetus for this research. Globally, agencies may lose up to 25% of revenue to fare evasion, costing in the hundred of millions of dollars. Yet prior to this project, which commenced in 2011/12, there was limited understanding of the motivations for fare evasion. Dr Delbosc explains how the project contributed to shifting the focus of revenue protection research from conventional systems control perspectives and customer profiling, to the more nuanced approach of customer motivations. Following the success of their research, the customer motivations perspective on fare evasion has taken off around the world. By combining numerous psychological frameworks that help understand human motivations, the project was able to identify four different rationales for fare evading, ranging from Accidental Evaders to Career Evaders (Figure 1). Importantly, they were able to quantify the revenue loss associated with different motivations. This was an important discovery that led to the development of effective responses, including a marketing campaign which targeted often affluent ‘freeloaders’. This campaign, along with other targeted interventions, saw fare evasion in Victoria reduce from 12% to 5% in 2015, saving the government $45 million (Figure 2). Figure 1: http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/RT-31-Figure-1.png Figure 2: http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/RT-31-Figure-2.png Find out more about this research in Chapter 7 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase here: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html Find out more about today’s guests Prof Graham Currie: https://www.monash.edu/engineering/grahamcurrie Dr Alexa Delbosc: https://www.monash.edu/engineering/alexadelbosc For an overview of the research program discussed during today’s show, visit the Psychology of Fare Evasion Research Website: http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/portfolio-item/understanding-the-psychology-of-fare-evasion/ Read more about the fare evasion research and findings in published research papers: Currie, G. and A. Delbosc (2017). "An Empirical Model for the Psychology of Deliberate and Unintentional Fare Evasion." Transport Policy 54: 21-29. Delbosc A and Currie G (2019). "'Why do people fare evade? A global shift in fare evasion research' " TRANSPORT REVIEWS Volume 39 - 3 pp376-391. Delbosc, A. and G. Currie (2016a). "Cluster analysis of fare evasion behaviours in Melbourne, Australia." Transport Policy 50: 29-36. Delbosc, A. and G. Currie (2016b). "Four Types of Fare Evasion: A Qualitative Study from Melbourne, Australia." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 43: 254-264. Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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Researching Transit
This is the eighth episode in Researching Transit's Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Currie speaks to Amer Shalaby, Professor and Bahen/Tanenbaum Chair in the Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada. Shalaby’s passion for all aspects of public transport, from operations and planning to emerging technologies and data, has led him to his role as Director of the new Transit Analytics Lab (TAL) and Co-Director of the Center for Automated and Transformative Transportation Systems (CATTS) at the University of Toronto. TAL provides a unique forum for different transit stakeholders to come together to better leverage transit data. The lab uses predictive analytics and optimisation to solve problems relating to service planning, operational management, customer satisfaction, equity and more, in collaboration with its industry partners. Professor Shalaby has co-authored two chapters in the Handbook of Public Transport Research: Chapter 16: Transit Signal Priority: research and practice review and future needs; and Chapter 14: Rail transit disruption management: a comprehensive review of strategies and approaches. Chapter 16 of the handbook is written for academics and professionals grappling with transit reliability in the face of many sources of delay. Its focus is on one of the key strategies for reducing transit delay: traffic signal priority (TSP). The evolution and technology behind traditional and adaptive signal priority are explored. Key lessons learned include the importance of carefully planning stop and signal location at intersections, and coordinating successive TSP intersections. Sticking to the theme of disruption management, Chapter 14 takes a broad look at the variety of strategies that are available to address rail transit delay. Rail user delays in the New York subway cost the equivalent of $389 million per year. The chapter reviews the strategies available to mitigate these disruptions and their costly implications. The chapter takes a deep dive into ‘bus bridging’ or substitute bus services, a key strategy to address rail service disruption. Other strategies are grouped into supply-side or demand-side responses. Supply-side strategies relate to schedule adjustment, whereas the less common demand-side responses use information provision and crowd management. Find out more about this research in Chapters 14 and 16 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Find out more about Professor Amer Shalaby and his work: https://uttri.utoronto.ca/people/amer-shalaby/ Transit Analytics Lab (TAL), University of Toronto: https://uttri.utoronto.ca/research/research-groups/transit-analytics-lab-tal/ Center for Automated and Transformative Transportation Systems (CATTS): https://uttri.utoronto.ca/catts/ Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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This is the seventh episode in Researching Transit's Handbook of Public Transport Research Series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Currie speaks to Kari E. Watkins, Frederick Law Olmsted Associate Professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). She is also the lead author of Chapter 21 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research: Advances in transit customer information. Associate Professor Watkins is the director of the T-SCORE (Transit-Serving Communities Optimally, Responsible, and Efficiently) Center, a US DOT-funded program that brings together several universities to conduct research into the future of transit. T-SCORE’s mission is to understand ridership trends and the underlying drivers of change, and identify ways to position transit as a robust part of any future transportation system. An early contribution of the program is the development of future transportation scenarios, based on expert interviews. Prior to her current role at Georgia Tech, Watkins completed a PhD at the University of Washington in Seattle. During her PhD she co-developed the real-time transit app One-Bus-Away. The app was among the first to harness smartphones and real-time transit information technologies, capable of providing users with up-to-date transit vehicle location data. Watkins continues to undertake research in transit customer information. Such information is critical, she says, for facilitating transit use by giving potential users the information they need to plan their journeys on transit when other alternatives are available. As its title suggests, Chapter 21 of the Handbook reviews the technologies, standards and apps making data about transit more readily available for both customers and planners. Three advances are focal points: the opening up of GTFS, the widespread adoption of smartphones, and data standardisation. Together, this has led to the emergence of reusable smart-phone integrated applications that can be readily adapted for new agencies/systems. Data standardisation has been key to disseminating information for agencies that might not have in-house resources to provide their information otherwise. The Chapter concludes with a look to the future and potentials of open and standardised transit data, including efficient microtransit and adaptation to other modes of transportation such as bikeshare, that often interface with public transport. Find out more about Kari E. Watkins and her work: https://ce.gatech.edu/people/faculty/5861/overview T-SCORE Center: http://tscore.ce.gatech.edu/ One-Bus-Away: https://onebusaway.org/ Find out more about the Handbook of Public Transport Research, and Kari's chapter here: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Have feedback? Find us on twitter and Instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
This is the fourth episode in the Researching Transit Handbook of Public Transport Research series. Links to obtain the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Curries speaks to Professor Ahmed El-Geneidy. El-Geneidy is professor of transport planning at McGill University, and one of the co-authors of Chapter 4 of the Handbook: Transit customer satisfaction research: Is the customer always right?. Professor El-Geneidy has a prolific publication record that spans transport and land use, cycling and public transport. He explains how mentors have helped him develop the ability to ask the right questions, work efficiently, and collaborate with others. In turn, El-Geneidy explains how he approaches his role as a mentor to research students at the Transportation Research at McGill (TRAM) group, which he leads. El-Geneidy discusses some of the forces that are amplifying the impact and reach of public transport research. Two of these are collaboration and data. Recently, researchers around the world pooled their insights about transportation access, including public transport systems, to benchmark accessibility around the world. A paper documenting this research was recently published in Nature’s Urban Sustainability journal. The other force they discuss is data. Not only is more public transport data being created, but the methods available for harnessing this data are improving. In Chapter 4 of the Handbook, El-Geneidy and his co-authors Madalena Harreman-Fernandes, Ehab Diab, Boer Cui, James DeWeese, Miles Crumley explore insights about customer satisfaction on buses, using complaints data. Taking a customer-focused approach, the researchers examined complaints made by users of Portland’s Tri-Met bus network. Complaints were classified into themes including customer satisfaction with service quality and critical incidents. The researchers cross-referenced this information with operational data to explore causes and validate complaints. For example, pass-by incidents could be matched with time-stamped operational data and occupancy to identify instances where overcrowding may have prompted stop skipping as the source of pass-by complaints. Such information provides useful insight for operators about the actual causes of customer dissatisfaction. El-Geneidy notes that the potential of data to be put to use in transport planning is only beginning to be realised. New methods of extracting and cleaning the data are key to tapping into its full potential. Find out more about today’s show in Chapter 4 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research - Transit Customer satisfaction research: Is the customer always right? The Handbook is available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Learn more about Professor El Geneidy and Transportation Research at McGill (TRAM) https://www.mcgill.ca/urbanplanning/people-0/el-geneidy http://tram.mcgill.ca/index.html Read about access around the world in the recently published academic paper: Wu, H., Avner, P., Boisjoly, G., Braga, C.K.V., El-Geneidy, A., Huang, J., Kerzhner, T., Murphy, B., Niedzielski, M.A., Pereira, R.H.M., Pritchard, J.P., Stewart, A., Wang, J., Levinson, D., 2021. Urban access across the globe: an international comparison of different transport modes. npj Urban Sustainability 1, 16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-021-00020-2 Find us on twitter and instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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Researching Transit
This is the fifth episode in the Researching Transit Handbook of Public Transport Research series. Links to the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Currie speaks to Margareta Friman and Maria Borjesson, two of the authors of Chapter 20 of the Handbook: Large increases in bus use in Sweden: lessons learned. Margareta Friman works at Karlstad University where she is Pro-vice Chancellor, as well as Professor of Psychology and member of the Service and Market Oriented Transport (SAMOT) Research Group. Maria Borjesson is Professor of Economics and a researcher at VTI – The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute and Likoping University. Professor Friman talks about the three areas of focus for public transport research at SAMOT: travel behaviour, travel experiences, and perceived accessibility. One of SAMOT’s strengths is pairing psychology and business perspectives to provide insights about the motivations for public transport mode shift. Their research has also elevated the role of the user, not just gaining insights about their travel experiences, but also giving a user focus to contracting and service design. Their perceived accessibility research aims to understand the extent to which users feel they can undertake the travel they want. SAMOT’s ongoing passenger experience research unveiled a shift in the relative importance of ‘stress’ during COVID-19, with its relative importance increasing. Professor Friman is joined by Professor Maria Borjesson to discuss the lessons learned from Sweden’s major bus network expansion, the focus of Chapter 20 of the Handbook. In recent years, Sweden enjoyed a 50% increase in bus use. How did they achieve this? The country increased the supply of bus services dramatically. Yet despite this expansion, operating costs increased per unit of travel. They attribute this to the bespoke, and not necessarily supply-driven, nature of the revamped network. Increased operating costs have driven up the ticket price of transport dramatically, which has in turn created an equity issue for pre-existing users of public transport. Finally, Sweden has not seen a reduction in car use. This demonstrates the need to understand if bus use can really reduce car travel; a major motivation for Sweden’s investment in the bus network. Find out more about this research in Chapter 20 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, co-authored by today’s guests as well as Masoud Fadei, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html. Learn more about the people and projects in today’s show: Professor Margareta Friman https://www.kau.se/en/researchers/margareta-friman Service and Market Oriented Transport (SAMOT) Research Group - https://www.kau.se/en/ctf/research/ctf-research/research-projects/samot-service-and-market-oriented-transport-research Professor Maria Borjesson: https://www.vti.se/en/employees/maria-bratt-borjesson VTI; Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute: https://www.vti.se/en Have feedback? Find us on twitter and instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com/…
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Researching Transit
This is the fourth episode in the Researching Transit Handbook of Public Transport Research series. Links to obtain the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Currie speaks to the author of Chapter 9, The Total Social Cost (TSC) of Public Transport Modes, Professor John Preston. John Preston is Professor of Rail Transport in the Transportation Research Group at the University of Southampton. Professor Preston talks about his pathway into rail transit research, noting the shifting focus particularly in the realm of transit demand forecasting. He notes the move away from probabilistic demand models, suggesting future research will need to deliver more nuanced understanding of the drivers of transit ridership. Professor Preston discusses some of the projects his research group and collaborators have delivered, including station-level demand prediction tools, and an ongoing project to develop Mobility as a Service tools. Professor Preston then elaborates the concept of Total Social Cost (TSC) models of public transport, the focus of his Chapter in the Handbook of Public Transport Research. TSC comprises three elements: operator costs, user costs and external costs. As well as considering operator costs, the TSC approach to modelling transit alternatives considers their ease of use (user cost) and their impact on such external factors as congestion, emissions and safety (external costs). Considering all three can help agencies and governments choose more appropriate transit technologies. The book chapter contains more detail concerning the economic appraisal of each aspect along with case studies from Vietnam (1) and China (used to evaluate the famous straddling bus concept (2) among others) about the economic costing of each aspect. Find out more about this research in Chapter 9 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html Learn more about Professor Preston and the concepts in today’s show: https://www.southampton.ac.uk/engineering/about/staff/jpreston.page Transportation Research Group, University of Southampton: https://www.southampton.ac.uk/engineering/research/groups/transportation_group.page Example of a Total Social Cost Alternative Transit Mode Analysis in Vietnam http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Figure-1-Example-Total-Social-Cost-Alternative-Transit-Mode-Analysis-in-Vietnam-Source-Vu-and-Preston-2020.jpg (1) Tam Vu & John Preston (2020) Assessing the social costs of urban transport infrastructure options in low and middle income countries, Transportation Planning and Technology, 43:4, 365-384, DOI: 10.1080/03081060.2020.1747202 (2) An example of the straddle bus concept: http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1007/20100906/000bcdb95f1d0deeddd41e.jpg…
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This is the third episode in the Researching Transit Handbook of Public Transport Research series. Links to obtain the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Curries speaks to authors of Chapter 19, Incorporating Mobility on Demand (MOD) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS) automotive services into Public Transportation, Emma Lucken and Susan Shaheen. Susan Shaheen is Professor in Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC Berkeley. She is also Co-director, Transportation Sustainability Research Center (TSRC), UC Berkeley, and chair of the US Transportation Research Board Executive committee. Emma Lucken is undertaking a PhD in transportation engineering and is also a member of TSRC. Professor Shaheen reflects on the motivation and philosophy that has underpinned her research career in transportation. She has always sought to challenge the status quo, using technology to provide sustainable mobility options that could be superior to private automobile ownership and use, particularly from an environmental and social perspective. Public transport, paired with other mobility options, is central to providing mobility without the need for car ownership. Turning attention to the book chapter, Shaheen makes the distinction between Mobility on Demand (MOD) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS). Mobility on demand refers to an ecosystem of transport options that offer integrated and seamless access. Transportation network companies (TNCs, or ridesharing services as they are more commonly known in Australia), as well as microtransit and public transportation, make up links in this ecosystem. Mobility as a Service refers to the provision of on-demand mobility through apps and subscriptions. Emma Lucken describes the different service models of some of the 62 TNC and microtransit projects identified in the USA. Four main models emerge, which can be described by the ways in which the public-private partnerships seek to supplement fixed-route transit. These include: first- and last-mile services, low-density services, off-peak services and paratransit services for users who may not be able to use fixed route services as readily or who may not be able to harness the technology that often accompanies Mobility on Demand. Find out more about this research in Chapter 19 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research, available for purchase from the publisher’s website: www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook…781788978651.html Learn more about the people and projects in today’s show: Prof Susan Shaheen: https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/shaheen Emma Lucken: https://tsrc.berkeley.edu/emma-lucken Transportation Sustainability Research Centre: https://tsrc.berkeley.edu/ Innovative Mobility Research (Susan’s lab): http://innovativemobility.org/ If you enjoyed this episode, you may also enjoy episode 12 with Dr Taru Jain , on the role of carshare in the mobility ecosystem http://publictransportresearchgroup.info/?p=51729. Have feedback? Find us on twitter and instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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This is the second episode in the Researching Transit Handbook of Public Transport Research series. Links to obtain the book can be found at the end of the notes. In this episode, Professor Graham Currie speaks to another of the book’s authors, Associate Professor Oded Cats. Dr Cats cofounded and co-directs the Smart Public Transport Lab, in the Department of Transport Planning, at TU Delft. Two key areas of focus for the Smart PT Lab are network resilience (the focus of Chapter 12 in the Handbook), as well as changing public transport usage patterns. This includes charting the interaction of public transport with other travel modes, including the role of the bicycle in rail journeys, as well as emerging mobility technologies. The Critical MaaS project with the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute) explored the role of public transport on demand in the future mobility ecosystem. Chapter 12 of the Handbook of Public Transport Research focuses network resilience. The chapter, Public Transport Network Resilience, was written by Dr Menno Yap and. Dr Cats. During the interview, Dr. Cats discusses some of the indicators and strategies that can be used to model the impact of unexpected events. He discusses the special case of the black swan event, the event that can’t be planned for because it has not been experienced before. He emphasises the need to strike an effective balance between efficiency and network resilience. Taking a passenger experience focus has been a hallmark of projects and research into network reliability. The use of smartcard data has been central to these efforts. In a recent example of collaboration across academia and industry, the Smart PT Lab for the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) to understand and address trip-level delays experienced by individual passengers. The Smart PT Lab’s research was central to implementing a scheme aimed at improving the passenger experience, by providing refunds for trips that were delayed more than 15 minutes. The success of the scheme has resulted in the delay window being reduced to 10 minutes. The Handbook of Public Transport Research is available for purchase from the publisher’s website: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html Learn more about the people and projects in today’s show: Smart Public Transport Lab: http://smartptlab.tudelft.nl/ Oded Cats: https://odedcats.weblog.tudelft.nl/ Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS): https://www.tudelft.nl/bk/samenwerken/amsterdam-institute-for-advanced-metropolitan-solutions Read lessons learned from the WMATA project, undertake by Dr. Menno Yap and Dr. Oded Cats. Yap, M.D., Cats, O., 2020. Predicting disruptions and their passenger delay impacts for public transport stops. Transportation (Dordrecht). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-020-10109-9 Have feedback? We’re listening. Please send your comments to info@ptrg.info Find us on twitter and instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Sign up for updates when we release shows: http://eepurl.com/g9tCdb Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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Professor Graham Currie introduces a new book that is hot off the press: The Handbook of Public Transport Research. The book, edited by Professor Currie, is the most recent in the Research Handbooks in Transport Studies series, published by Edward Elgar. It brings together the latest research from 52 authors across 10 countries, packed into 21 chapters. In this episode of the podcast, Graham provides an in-depth preview of the book. The aim of the book is to guide readers through the emerging challenges and opportunities for public transport posed by urbanisation and the growth of mega-cities. The book weaves together expert knowledge and research at the intersection of public transport and a diverse array of disciplines. These include industrial designing, optimisation, economics and land-use planning. It is organised into five sections, which enable practitioners and researchers to dive into the perspective that is relevant for them. These are: - Research Foundations - User Perspectives - Policy Perspectives - Planning and Operations Perspectives - Service development and Future Perspectives We take a deeper look at Chapter Two - State of the Art of Public Transport Research. This Chapter, co-authored by Dr Nicholas Fournier (UC Berkeley) and Graham, provides an interesting overview of the geographic trends and topic strengths and weaknesses in public transport research. This episode is the first in a series that will cover a chapter of the handbook in depth through conversations with the authors. Download the book from Edward Elgar publishing https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-transport-research-9781788978651.html You can stay up to date with public transport innovations via World Transit Research, the database used by authors Nicholas Fournier and Professor Currie to compile Public Transport: State of the Art, for this book. Subscribe: www.worldtransitresearch.info. Have feedback? We’re listening. Please send your comments to info@ptrg.info.Find us on twitter and instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit. Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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Dr Alexa Delbosc is a Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Transport Studies at Monash University. With a PhD in civil engineering and a Masters in social psychology, Dr Delbosc’s expertise is geared toward understanding the psychology of transport use. In today’s show, she speaks with Professor Graham Currie about the psychology of public transport use. Dr Delbosc first discusses the public transport habits of millennials, including how COVID-19 has affected their life plans and mobility. She also delves into a new and novel research topic: that of mindfulness and mobility. Dr Delbosc discusses the unique opportunity public transport presents to ‘send the mind away’, and how this affects their experience of travelling. Read more about Alexa and her latest research on the topics discussed during today’s show: https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/alexa-delbosc Who’s most affected on public transport in the time of coronavirus? https://theconversation.com/whos-most-affected-on-public-transport-in-the-time-of-coronavirus-133429 Millennials in cities: comparing travel behaviour trends across six case study regions, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.023 Have feedback? We’re listening. Please send your comments to info@ptrg.info.Find us on twitter and instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
Dr Robbie Napper is an industrial designer who applies his skills to make public transport easier to use. Robbie works as a lecturer and researcher in the Monash University Department of Design, and is Deputy Director of the Mobility Design Lab, as well as a member of a number of TRB research committees. Robbie is interested in making sure transit is fit for purpose. This means understanding the user, and asking ‘whose purpose’? He speaks about the design approach to developing better transit solutions, which involves testing an iterating over solutions, and designing them with subtle variations to meet the needs of different user groups. Read more about Robbie and his work in the Mobility Design Lab: • https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/robbie-napper • https://www.monash.edu/mada/research/mobility-design-lab Read about the Wheelie project: https://www.monash.edu/mada/research/the-wheelie Have feedback? We’re listening. Please send your comments to info@ptrg.info.Find us on twitter and instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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Brendon Hemily is an independent public transport consultant based in Toronto, and Chair of the Public Transportation Group at Transportation Research Board (TRB). TRB brings together researchers, practitioners, government agency staff, and others, from all modes of transportation, to identify research needs, review current research, conduct research, and share and disseminate knowledge on transport research. It is the largest forum for transportation research in the world. Speaking from experience in both research and practice, Brendon describes the challenges involved in ensuring academic research is pitched appropriately for use in the real world, and leads to innovation in practice. He also reflects on the drastic changes to both the running of TRB, including the move to a virtual conference in January of this year, and of research priorities generally in light of the pressures that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed on public transport operations. You will find Brendon on Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brendon-hemily-45104210 Have feedback? We’re listening. Please send your comments to info@ptrg.info. Find us on twitter and instagram @transitpodcast or using #researchingtransit Music from this episode is from https://www.purple-planet.com…
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